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Vitis amurensis grape cultivars and hybrids are mainly used to make wines in Northeast Asia with a cold winter. Anthocyanidin glucosylation at 5-O position catalyzed by 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT) in grape skins is crucial for color stability of red wines. To study 5GT functions in anthocyanidin diglucosides synthesis of V. amurensis, 20 5GTs were preliminarily identified from a genome-wide characterization of the UDP-glycosyltransferase family according to the reported 5GTs, which were also performed phylogenetic and bioinformatics analysis. Two important 5GTs, Vitvi0900582.t01 and Vitvi05g01269.t01, were screened through analyses of anthocyanidin diglucosides accumulation and gene expression in berry skins of three representative grape cultivars with significant differences in anthocyanin glycosylation. Fourteen alleles of each of the 5GTs were cloned from 14 V. amurensis cultivars and hybrids as well as from V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, and sequence analysis and functional prediction were performed. From three perspectives of phenotype, transcriptional level, and genotype, it has been found that the functional allele at the Vitvi0900582.t01 locus of Chr 9 played a decisive role in the synthesis of abundant anthocyanidin diglucosides in V. amurensis. In addition, the trace anthocyanidin diglucosides detected in V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ were led by the functional allele at the Vitvi05g01269.t01 locus of Chr 5. This study provides preliminary data for further research on the regulatory mechanism of anthocyanidin diglucosides in the grapes with the V. amurensis pedigree to improve their wine quality in future breeding efforts.

Abstract Recruiting endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vivo to bone defect sites shows great promise in cell therapies for bone tissue engineering, which tackles the shortcomings of delivering exogenous stem cells, including limited sources, low retention, stemness loss, and immunogenicity. However, it remains challenging to efficiently recruit stem cells while simultaneously directing cell differentiation in the dynamic microenvironment and promoting neo‐regenerated tissue ingrowth to achieve augmented bone regeneration. Herein, a synthetic macroporous double‐network hydrogel presenting nucleic acid aptamer and nano‐inducer enhances BMSCs recruitment, and osteogenic differentiation is demonstrated. An air‐in‐water template enables the rapid construction of highly interconnective macroporous structures, and the physical self‐assembly of DNA strands and chemical cross‐linking of gelatin chains synergistically generate a resilient double network. The aptamer Apt19S and black phosphorus nanosheets‐specific macroporous hydrogel demonstrate highly efficient endogenous BMSCs recruitment, cell differentiation, and extracellular matrix mineralization. Notably, the enhanced calvarial bone healing with promising matrix mineralization and new bone formation is accompanied by adapting this engineered hydrogel to the bone defects. The findings suggest an appealing material approach overcoming the traditional limitations of cell‐delivery therapy that can inspire the future design of next‐generation hydrogel for enhanced bone tissue regeneration.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most deadly and prevalent diseases in the intensive care unit. Ferroptosis and mitophagy are pathological mechanisms of ALI. Ferroptosis aggravates ALI, whereas mitophagy regulates ALI. Ferroptosis and mitophagy are both closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitophagy can regulate ferroptosis, but the specific relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy is still unclear. This study summarizes previous research findings on ferroptosis and mitophagy, revealing their involvement in ALI. Examining the functions of mTOR and NLPR3 helps clarify the connection between ferroptosis and mitophagy in ALI, with the goal of establishing a theoretical foundation for potential therapeutic approaches in the future management of ALI.