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Objective To investigate the endoscopic characteristics of different grades of melanosis coli （MC） complicated with polyps. Methods Clinical and endoscopic data of 597 patients diagnosed with MC who underwent colonoscopy were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation of different grades of MC with age， gender and intestinal diseases was analyzed. The gender， age， polyp size and pathological type of polyps in patients with different grades of MC were analyzed statistically. Results Polyps were more commonly detected in gradeⅠMC than in gradeⅡand gradeⅢMC. The size of polyps significantly differed among different grades of MC. The detection rate of < 0.5 cm polyps in gradeⅢMC was 37.50%， significantly lower than 67.11% in gradeⅠand 60.18% in gradeⅡMC. The detection rate of 0.6-1.0 cm polyps in gradeⅢMC was 57.50%， significantly higher than 23.49% in grade Ⅰand 25.66% in gradeⅡMC. The detection rates of hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenoma significantly differed among different grades of MC complicated with polyp （all P < 0.05）. No statistical significance was observed in the distribution of inflammatory polyp， retention polyp， serrated adenoma and tubular-serrated adenoma among different grades of MC complicated with polyp （all P > 0.05）. Conclusions Polyps are more commonly detected in gradeⅠMC. Polyps of 0.6-1.0 cm in size are more likely to be detected in grade ⅢMC. Hyperplastic polyps are more commonly detected in gradeⅠMC， whereas tubular adenoma in gradeⅡandⅢMC.

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Human and animal imaging studies demonstrated that chronic pain profoundly alters the structure and the functionality of several brain regions and even causes mental dysfunctions such as depression and anxiety disorders. In this article, we conducted a multimodal study cross-sectionally and longitudinally, to evaluate how neuropathic pain affects the brain. Using the spared nerve injury (SNI) model which promotes long-lasting mechanical allodynia, results showed that neuropathic pain deeply modified the intrinsic organization of the brain functional network 2 weeks after injury. There are significant changes in the activity of the left thalamus (Th&#95;L) and left olfactory bulb (OB&#95;L) brain regions after SNI, as evidenced by both the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal and c-Fos expression. Importantly, these changes were closely related to mechanical pain behavior of rats. However, it is worth noting that after morphine administration for analgesia, only the increased activity in the TH region is reversed, while the decreased activity in the OB region becomes more prominent. Functional connectivity (FC) and c-Fos correlation analysis further showed these two regions of interest (ROIs) exhibit different FC patterns with other brain regions. Our study comprehensively revealed the adaptive changes of brain neural networks induced by nerve injury in both cross-sectional and longitudinal dimensions and emphasized the abnormal activity and FC of Th&#95;L and OB&#95;L in the pathological condition. It provides reliable assistance in exploring the intricate mechanisms of diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2024 Chi et al.)