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AbstractFresh Oudemansiella raphanipies are rich in protein and prone to deterioration during natural storage. Hot air drying is typically used to extend shelf life. However, some O. raphanipies may not dry during the actual drying process because of different placements, which can adversely affect the entire product. To detect dryness, we introduced ORD-Net, a model based on RGB images captured using a smartphone camera. Incorporating residual hybrid dilated convolution and efficient channel attention modules, ORD-Net outperforms mainstream algorithms, achieving high accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and a Matthews coefficient of 85.3, 82.2, 91.2, 86.5%, and 0.709, respectively. Additionally, experiments on various CPUs confirm its adaptability for industrial use, with AMD Ryzen CPUs performing optimally with an average processing time of 0.67 s for a single target. This study proposes a convenient and cost-effective identification method that can effectively determine the drying status of O. raphanipies, thus laying the foundation for the high-throughput identification of the drying conditions of postharvest O. raphanipies. The data and methods used in this study are available at https://github.com/Jmin-Zhao/ORDNet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem cell maintenance and differentiation can be regulated via the differential activity of transcription factors within stem cells and their progeny. For these factors to be active, they need to be transported from their site of synthesis in the cytoplasm into the nucleus. A tissue-specific requirement for factors involved in nuclear importation is a potential mechanism to regulate stem cell differentiation. We have undertaken a characterization of male sterile importin alpha 1 (Dα1) null alleles in Drosophila and found that Dα1 is required for maintaining germline stem cells (GSCs) in the testis niche. The loss of GSCs can be rescued by ectopic expression of Dα1 within the germline but the animals are still infertile, indicating a second role for Dα1 in spermatogenesis. Expression of a Dα1 dominant negative transgene in GSCs confirmed a functional requirement for Dα1 in GSC maintenance but expression of the transgene in differentiating spermatogonia did not exhibit a phenotype indicating a specific role for Dα1 within GSCs. Our data indicate that Dα1 is utilized as a regulatory protein within GSCs to facilitate nuclear importation of proteins that maintain the stem cell pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin A and retinoic acid (RA, a metabolite of vitamin A), are inextricably involved to the development of skeletal muscle in animals. However, the mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle development by vitamin A remain poorly reported. The current study designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of vitamin A affecting myogenic differentiation of lamb myoblasts through transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) and gene function validation experiments. It provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the regulation of vitamin A on skeletal muscle development as well as for improving the economic benefits of the mutton sheep industry. Results: Newborn lambs were injected with 7,500 IU vitamin A, and longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle tissue was surgically sampled for RNA-Seq analysis and primary myoblasts isolation at 3 weeks of age. The results showed that a total of 14 down-regulated and 3 up-regulated genes, were identified between control and vitamin A groups. Among them, BHLHE40 expression was upregulated in vitamin A group lambs. Furthermore, BHLHE40 expression is significantly increased after initiation of differentiation in myoblasts, and RA addition during differentiation greatly promoted BHLHE40 mRNA expression. In vitro, RA inhibited myoblasts proliferation and promoted myoblasts myogenic differentiation through BHLHE40. Moreover, BHLHE40 was proved to inhibit the expression of the DNA binding inhibitor 3 (ID3), and meanwhile, ID3 could effectively promote myoblasts proliferation and inhibit myoblasts myogenic differentiation. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggested that vitamin A inhibited myoblasts proliferation and promoted myoblasts myogenic differentiation by inhibiting ID3 expression through BHLHE40. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of wearable electronics has placed higher demands on the design strategies of triboelectric materials. Aerogels have the potential to become advanced triboelectric materials, however, traditional design strategies often require complex processes and additional chemical cross‐linking agents to improve the stability of the gel structure, which limits its practical application. In this work, a scalable and sustainable self‐assembly drive strategy is proposed for the design of bio‐based triboelectric aerogels with multi‐scale winding structures. Interestingly, the autoacceleration effect, which is regarded as “unfavorable” during the autocatalytic polymerization of supramolecules, is rationally exploited to provide the supramolecules within the matrix with an abundance of multiple hydrogen bonds at the same time as their rapid gelation occurs. Thanks to this, the aerogel film exhibits ultra‐high tensile strength (104 MPa) and remains undeformed after resisting an impact of 8000 times its own weight. Highly robust triboelectric aerogel films are used to build wearable self‐powered sensors with ultra‐fast response in complex environments (48 ms), while enabling real‐time interaction between the wearer and the information network. The design idea of “ turning a detriment into an asset ” in this work provides a new idea for the material construction of highly robust wearable sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin A (VA) and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), are of great interest for their wide range of physiological functions. However, the regulatory contribution of VA to mitochondrial and muscle fiber composition in sheep has not been reported. Method: Lambs were injected with 0 (control) or 7,500 IU VA palmitate into the biceps femoris muscle on d 2 after birth. At the age of 3 and 32 weeks, longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples were obtained to explore the effect of VA on myofiber type composition. In vitro, we investigated the effects of RA on myofiber type composition and intrinsic mechanisms. Results: The proportion of type I myofiber was greatly increased in VA-treated sheep in LD muscle at harvest. VA greatly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and function in LD muscle of sheep. Further exploration revealed that VA elevated PGC-1α mRNA and protein contents, and enhanced the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in LD muscle of sheep. In addition, the number of type I myofibers with RA treatment was significantly increased, and type IIx myofibers was significantly decreased in primary myoblasts. Consistent with in vivo experiment, RA significantly improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function in primary myoblasts of sheep. We then used si-PGC-1α to inhibit PGC-1α expression and found that si-PGC-1α significantly abrogated RA-induced the formation of type I myofibers, mitochondrial biogenesis, MitoTracker staining intensity, UQCRC1 and ATP5A1 expression, SDH activity, and enhanced the level of type IIx muscle fibers. These data suggested that RA improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function by promoting PGC-1α expression, and increased type I myofibers. In order to prove that the effect of RA on the level of PGC-1α is caused by p38 MAPK signaling, we inhibited the p38 MAPK signaling using a p38 MAPK inhibitor, which significantly reduced RA-induced PGC-1α and MyHC I levels. Conclusion: VA promoted PGC-1α expression through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, improved mitochondrial biogenesis, and altered the composition of muscle fiber type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is closely associated with perturbations in iron ion metabolism, during which Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) plays an important role. However, the precise regulatory mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the relationship between iron dysregulation and STING activation in Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced AIH liver injury. STING knockout (STING−/−) mice and AAV (Adeno-Associated virus)-Sting1-RNAi-treated mice were involved and subjected in AIH. We observed that increased iron dysregulation was linked with STING activation, but this effect was effectively reversed by the administration of iron chelating agent Desferoxamine (DFO) and the antioxidant Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Notably, the iron transport protein Transferrin (TF) and Transferrin Receptor (TfR) exhibited significant accumulation in AIH along with upregulated expression of ferritin protein. Additionally, the deficiency of STING reduced hepatic iron accumulation, mitigated oxidative stress, and attenuated macrophage activation during ConA treatment. Furthermore, liver-specific knockdown of STING using AAV-Sting1-RNAi significantly ameliorated liver iron dysregulation and oxidative stress response induced by Kupffer cells (KCs). KC-derived STING exacerbates liver damage severity in AIH through promoting disturbances in hepatic iron ion metabolism as well as oxidative stress response. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of AIH and may pave the way for potential therapeutic strategies targeting STING and iron metabolism in the future. [Display omitted] • Iron dysregulation contributes to the ConA-induced hepatic injury. • STING deficiency attenuated liver injury accompanied with reduction of iron overload. • Macrophage STING serves as a key regulator for triggering iron dysregulation and further leading to necrotic damage in AIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial sludge is characterized by high moisture content, complex composition, and significant organic toxicity. This research aimed to improve the performance of Chlorococcum humicola in removing hydroquinone-domesticated sludge toxicity through the addition of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The maximum cell density and dry weight of C. humicola were attained when the IAA concentration was 5.0 × 10−6 mol/L, at 6.79 × 107 cells/mL and 2.60 g/L, respectively. The toxicity of the sludge degradation rate reached its peak level of 59.70% on the 20th day. The toxicity reduction was consistent with the decrease of RNA degradation-related proteins such as A5FN12, which can be hydrolyzed and absorbed by C. humicola via active transport. In the presence of IAA, C. humicola increased its energy production processes, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, to facilitate active transport. Moreover, the efficiency of signal transduction was improved, leading to enhanced cellular metabolism. The suppression of biosynthesis of glutathione and arginine at the molecular level may contribute to this observed trend. Overall, this study provides new insights into the mechanism by which IAA promotes the degradation of sludge toxicity by C. humicola , offering a novel method and theoretical basis for the safe and resource-based utilization of industrial sludge. [Display omitted] • IAA can promote the growth of C. humicola. • Sludge toxicity correlates with RNA degradation proteins. • C. humicola enhanced ATP production processes with the addition of IAA. • Signaling pathway enhanced and the biosynthesis of glutathione and arginine declined. Minimal research exists on biological detoxifying treatment of industrial residual sludge. This research reveals the mechanism on the removal of sludge toxicity by algae with exogenous IAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the activity phases and reaction mechanisms at the atomic level is essential for the design of electrocatalysts. Herein we investigate the origin of the facet-dependent activity of model Cu 2 O catalyst for C-N coupling toward electrocatalytic urea synthesis. It was found that the activity of urea synthesis depends on the crystalline facets of Cu 2 O. The Cu 2 O (100) facet exhibits higher urea activity and selectivity than the (110) facet, with an average urea yield of 62.4 mmol·g−1·h−1 at –1.5 V (RHE). By using Raman, UV–vis and XPS techniques, it was observed that Cu+ serves as active sites at (100) face of Cu 2 O, which promotes C-N coupling through synergistic interaction with Cu0. Furthermore, the combined results of operando ATR-SEIRAS and DFT calculations demonstrate that the Cu-Cu 2 O (100) facet facilitates electrocatalytic C-N coupling between *CO and *NH intermediates due to the reduced energy barriers of hydrogenated *NO on the Cu-Cu 2 O (100) facet. [Display omitted] • The origin of the facet-dependent active sites of Cu 2 O for selective C-N coupling was revealed. • Cu+ is the main active site in the Cu 2 O (100), promoting C-N coupling through synergistic interaction with Cu0. • The Cu-Cu 2 O (100) facet reduced the energy barriers for the hydrogenation *NO, and thus facilitates the electrocatalytic C-N coupling between *CO and *NH intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 90% differential flavonoid glycoside (FG) content decreased during processing. • Eighty-six FGs contributed to the taste evolution during white tea processing. • Degradation of nine key flavor FGs followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid glycosides during withering was inhibited. • The degradation pathway of flavonoid glycosides during withering was enhanced. This study was the first to comprehensively investigate the metabolic mechanism of flavonoid glycosides (FGs) and their contribution to flavor evolution during white tea processing using quantitative descriptive analysis, metabolomics, dose-over-threshold factors and pseudo-first-order kinetics. A total of 223 flavonoids were identified. Total FGs decreased from 7.02 mg/g to 4.35 mg/g during processing, compared to fresh leaves. A total of 86 FGs had a significant impact on the flavor evolution and 9 key flavor FGs were identified. The FG biosynthesis pathway was inhibited during withering, while the degradation pathway was enhanced. This promoted the degradation of 9 key flavor FGs following pseudo-first-order kinetics during withering. The degradation of the FGs contributed to increase the taste acceptance of white tea from −4.18 to 1.32. These results demonstrated that water loss stress during withering induces the degradation of key flavor FGs, contributing to the formation of the unique flavor of white tea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insight of the activity phase and reaction mechanism is vital for developing high-performance ammonia synthesis electrocatalysts. In this study, the origin of the electronic-dependent activity for the model Cu2O catalyst toward ammonia electrosynthesis with nitrate was probed. The modulation of the electronic state and oxygen vacancy content of Cu2O was realized by doping with halogen elements (Cl, Br, I). The electrocatalytic experiments showed that the activity of the ammonia production depends strongly on the electronic states in Cu2O. With increased electronic state defects in Cu2O, the ammonia synthesis performance increased first and then decreased. The Cu2O/Br with electronic defects in the middle showed the highest ammonia yield of 11.4 g h−1 g−1 at −1.0 V (vs. RHE), indicating that the pattern of change in optimal ammonia activity is consistent with the phenomenon of volcano curves in reaction chemistry. This work highlights a promising route for designing NO3−RR to NH3 catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharides have attracted immense attention as the largest source of bioactive compounds. Its bioavailability and bioactivity can be improved by utilizing degradation enzymes to reduce their molecular weight and viscosity. In this study, a 654 bp gene encoding xylanase was screened from the genome of Bacillus altitudinis JYY-02 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). The recombinant xylanase with a molecular weight of 27.98 kDa was purified (11.7-fold) using Ni–NTA affinity chromatography, with a 43.6% final yield. Through molecular docking, Glu, Arg, Tyr, and Trp were found to be the main amino acids involved in the interaction between xylanase and xylobiose. The effects of pH, temperature, metal ions, and substrates on xylanase activity were determined, and the results showed that the highest catalytic activity was displayed at pH 6.5, 50 °C temperature, with Cu2+ as an activator and xylan as the substrate. The K m (substrate concentration that yields a half-maximal velocity) and V max (maximum velocity) of recombinant xylanase were 6.876 mg/mL and 10984.183 μmol/mg∙pr/min, respectively. The recombinant xylanase was thermostable, with 85% and 39% of the enzymatic activity retained after 1 h at 60 °C and 1 h at 90 °C, respectively. The recombinant xylanase demonstrated a significant clarifying effect on fruit juices. [Display omitted] • Establishment of a method for preparing recombinant xylanase from B. altitudinis JYY-02 and evaluating its properties. • The xylanase–substrate interactions were evaluated via molecular docking. • Recombinant xylanase demonstrates high specific activity, good activity across a wide pH range, and good thermal stability. • Recombinant xylanase demonstrates significant clarifying effect on fruit juices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TLR2 and NLRP3 were responsible for PGD 2 synthesis in S. aureus infected or Pam2CSK4-simulated macrophages. • COX-2 and HPGDS was responsible for the increased PGD 2 secretion in S. aureus -infected or Pam2CSK4-simulated macrophages. • PGD 2 participated in the regulation of inflammatory mediators secretion and macrophage phagocytosis. • The exogenous PGD 2 pretreatment affected the secretion of inflammatory mediators, while had no significant effect on macrophage phagocytosis. • The exogenous PGD 2 enhanced NLRP3 expression, while decreased TLR2 expression in macrophages infected by S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most infamous and widespread bacterial pathogens, causing a hard-to-estimate number of uncomplicated skin infections and probably hundreds of thousands to millions of more severe, invasive infections globally per year. S. aureus may also be acquired from animals, especially in the livestock industry. The interaction mechanism of host and S. aureus has significance for finding ways to against S. aureus infection and control inflammatory response of host, while the molecular biological activities after S. aureus infection, particular in inflammatory and immune cells are not fully clear. The present study aimed to explore whether pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mediate prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2) synthesis and PGD 2 participates in the regulation of inflammatory response in macrophages during S. aureus infection or synthetic bacterial lipopeptide (Pam2CSK4) stimulation. PGD 2 secretion level was enhanced by mice peritoneal macrophages infected with the S. aureus. The results indicated that PGD 2 secretion was impaired in S. aureus infected-macrophages from toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2)-deficient and NLR pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-deficient mice. PGD 2 synthetase (hematopoietic PGD synthase, HPGDS) inhibitors could reduce the activation of macrophage mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κ-gene binding (NF-κB) signaling pathways. HPGDS inhibition impaired cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and RANTES) secretion and macrophage phagocytosis during S. aureus infection. In addition, inhibition of endogenous PGD 2 synthesis was unable to affect the TLR2 and NLRP3 expression in S. aureus -infected macrophages. Taken together, macrophage PGD 2 secretion after S. aureus infection depended on receptors TLR2 and NLRP3, and the induced PGD 2 participated in the regulation of inflammatory response in S. aureus -infected macrophages. Interestingly, it was found that exogenous PGD 2 down-regulated the cytokines secretion and had no effect on phagocytosis in the S. aureus -infected macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algae have great application prospects in excess sludge reclamation and recovery of high-value biomass. Chlorococcum humicola was cultivated in this research, using sludge extract (mixed with SE medium) with additions of 10%, 20%, and 30% CO 2 (v/v). Results showed that under 20% CO 2 , the dry weight and polysaccharide yield reached 1.389 ± 0.070 g/L and 313.49 ± 10.77 mg/L, respectively. 10% and 20% CO 2 promoted the production of cellular antioxidant molecules to resist the toxic stress and the toxicity of 20% CO 2 group decreased from 62.16 ± 3.11% to 33.02 ± 3.76%. 10% and 20% CO 2 accelerated the electron transfer, enhanced carbon assimilation, and promoted the photosynthetic efficiency, while 30% CO 2 led to photosystem damage and disorder of antioxidant system. Proteomic analysis showed that 20% CO 2 mainly affected energy metabolism and the oxidative stress level on the early stage (10 d), while affected photosynthesis and organic substance metabolism on the stable stage (30 d). The up-regulation of PSII photosynthetic protein subunit 8 (PsbA, PsbO), A0A383W1S5 and A0A383VRI4 promoted the efficiency of PSII and chlorophyll synthesis, and the up-regulation of A0A383WH74 and A0A2Z4THB7 led to the accumulation of polysaccharides. The up-regulation of A0A383VDH1, A0A383VX37 and A0A383VA86 promoted respiration. Collectively, this work discloses the regulatory mechanism of high-concentration CO 2 on Chlorococcum humicola to overcome toxicity and accumulate polysaccharides. • The optimal CO 2 was 20% (v/v) for Chlorococcum humicola cultured in sludge extract. • The toxicity of 20% CO 2 group decreased from 62.16 ± 3.11% to 33.02 ± 3.76%. • Up-regulation of PsbA, PsbO, A0A383W1S5 and A0A383VRI4 enhanced photosynthesis. • Up-regulation of A0A2Z4THB7 and A0A383WH74 promoted polysaccharide accumulation. • Up-regulation of A0A383VDH1, A0A383VX37 and A0A383VA86 enhanced respiration. Synopsis statementThis research is of great significance in wastewater treatment, excess sludge reclamation, CO 2 biological fixation and resource cultivation of algae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a rapidly progressing chronic liver disease of global significance. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for NASH remain unknown. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been recognized as essential factor in immune response and metabolic regulation. Here we aimed to investigate the functions and mechanisms of the IDO1 in macrophages on hepatic lipid deposition and iron metabolism in NASH. Methods: The effect of IDO1 in NASH was evaluated by WT and IDO1−/− mice model fed with methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet in vivo. Macrophages scavenger clodronate liposomes (CL) and overexpressing of IDO1 in macrophages by virus were employed as well. Lipid deposition was assessed through pathological examination and lipid droplet staining, while iron levels were measured using an iron assay kit and western blotting. Primary hepatocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with oleic acid/palmitic acid (OA/PA) to assess IDO1 expression via Oil Red O staining and immunofluorescence staining in vitro. Results: Pathological images demonstrated that the increase of IDO1 exacerbated lipid accumulation in the livers of mice with MCD diet, while reduction of iron accumulation was observed in the liver and the serum of MCD-fed mice. Scavenging of macrophages effectively mitigated both lipid and iron accumulation. In addition, the deficiency of IDO1 in macrophages significantly mitigated lipid accumulation and iron overload in hepatic parenchymal cells. Finally, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of IDO1 in liver macrophages exacerbated hepatic steatosis and iron deposition in NASH. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that effective inhibition of IDO1 expression in macrophages in NASH alleviated hepatic parenchymal cell lipid accumulation and iron deposition, which provided new insights for the future treatment of NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The caffeoyl-CoA-O methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) family plays a crucial role in the oxidative methylation of phenolic substances and is involved in various plant processes, including growth, development, and stress response. However, there is a limited understanding of the interactions among CCoAOMT protein members in tea plants. Results: In this study, we identified 10 members of the CsCCoAOMT family in the genome of Camellia sinensis (cultivar 'HuangDan'), characterized by conserved gene structures and motifs. These CsCCoAOMT members were located on six different chromosomes (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 14). Based on phylogenetic analysis, CsCCoAOMT can be divided into two groups: I and II. Notably, the CsCCoAOMT members of group Ia are likely to be candidate genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. Moreover, through the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay, we established protein interaction networks for the CsCCoAOMT family, revealing 9 pairs of members with interaction relationships. Conclusions: We identified the CCoAOMT gene family in Camellia sinensis and conducted a comprehensive analysis of their classifications, phylogenetic and synteny relationships, gene structures, protein interactions, tissue-specific expression patterns, and responses to various stresses. Our findings shed light on the evolution and composition of CsCCoAOMT. Notably, the observed interaction among CCoAOMT proteins suggests the potential formation of the O-methyltransferase (OMT) complex during the methylation modification process, expanding our understanding of the functional roles of this gene family in diverse biological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Escherichia coli (E. coli) , a Gram-negative bacterium, is the primary pathogen responsible for endometritis in dairy cattle. The outer membrane components of E. coli , namely lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial lipoprotein, have the capacity to trigger the host's innate immune response through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Tolerance to bacterial cell wall components, including LPS, may play a crucial role as an essential regulatory mechanism during bacterial infection. However, the precise role of Braun lipoprotein (BLP) tolerance in E. coli -induced endometritis in dairy cattle remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of BLP on the regulation of E. coli infection-induced endometritis in dairy cattle. The presence of BLP was found to diminish the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IL-6), while concurrently promoting the expression and release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). Furthermore, BLP demonstrated the ability to impede the activation of MAPK (ERK and p38) and NF-κB (p65) signaling pathways, while simultaneously enhancing signaling through the STAT3 pathway in EECs. Notably, BLP exhibited a dual role, acting both as an activator of TLR2 and as a regulator of TLR2 activation in LPS- and E. coli -treated EECs. In E. coli -infected endometrial explants, the presence of BLP was noted to decrease the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of HMGB1, while simultaneously enhancing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that the bacterial component BLP plays a protective role in E. coli -induced endometritis in dairy cattle. • BLP affects the host immune-driven resistance in E. coli infection. • BLP affects the host tolerance in E. coli infection. • The roles of BLP in bovine endometrium infected by E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activated sludge method is widely used for the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater, which gives rise to the problem of toxic residual sludge accumulation. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a typical phytohormone, facilitates the microalgal resistance to toxic inhibition while promoting biomass accumulation. In this study, Chlorococcum humicola (C. humicola) was cultured in toxic sludge extract and different concentrations of IAA were used to regulate its physiological properties and enrichment of high value-added products. Ultimately, proteomics analysis was used to reveal the response mechanism of C. humicola to exogenous IAA. The results showed that the IAA concentration of 5 × 10−6 mol/L (M) was most beneficial for C. humicola to cope with the toxic stress in the sludge extract medium, to promote the activity of rubisco enzyme, to enhance the efficiency of photosynthesis, and, finally, to accumulate protein as a percentage of specific dry weight 1.57 times more than that of the control group. Exogenous IAA altered the relative abundance of various amino acids in C. humicola cells, and proteomic analyses showed that exogenous IAA stimulated the algal cells to produce more indole-3-glycerol phosphate (IGP), indole, and serine by up-regulating the enzymes. These precursors are converted to tryptophan under the regulation of tryptophan synthase (A0A383V983), and tryptophan can be metabolized to endogenous IAA to promote the growth of C. humicola. These findings have important implications for the treatment of toxic residual sludge while enriching for high-value amino acids. [Display omitted] • Appropriate IAA addition allowed C. humicola to thrive in the sludge extract medium. • Appropriate concentrations of IAA promote protein accumulation in algal cell. • Exogenous IAA can change the proportion of various amino acids in algal cell. • Up-regulation of A0A383V983 promoted tryptophan enrichment. • Exogenous IAA stimulated endogenous IAA synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For structural design and optimization, precise knowledge of dynamic load on structures is essential. However, load identification can be sensitive to the initial conditions, and even small variations can lead to inaccurate results. The existing load identification methods always assume that the structure's initial condition is zero, which is not the case in real engineering problems where structures are already in a state of vibration before load identification implementation. In this work, we propose a novel dynamic load identification method that takes into account unknown initial conditions of structures which is based on the improved basis functions and implicit Newmark- β method. The real vibration response is decomposed into forced vibration caused by dynamic load and free vibration caused by initial condition, which are characterized by the coefficients of undetermined orthogonal polynomials. Moreover, to overcome the ill-posedness problem arising from factors such as response noise and model error, we introduce the L1 regularization method. To validate the performance of the proposed method, numerical simulations and tests of load identification are conducted on simply supported beam. The effects of noise and model error on the load identification results are analyzed. Finally, we discuss the impact of modal truncation order and the effect of measurement points on load identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combination of 6 different Chinese herbs known as Erchen decoction (ECD) has been traditionally used to treat digestive tract diseases and found to have a protective effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Despite its efficacy in treating NAFLD, the precise molecular mechanism by which Erchen Decoction regulated iron ion metabolism to prevent disease progression remained poorly understood. Our study attempted to confirm the specific mechanism of ECD in reducing lipid and iron in NAFLD from the perspective of regulating the expression of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1). In our study, the protective effect of ECD was investigated in Palmitic Acid + Oleic Acid-induced hepatocyte NAFLD model and high-fat diet-induced mice NAFLD model. To investigate the impact of Erchen Decoction (ECD) on lipid metabolism and iron metabolism via mediating Cav-1 in vitro , Cav-1 knockdown cell lines were established using lentivirus-mediated transfection techniques. We constructed NAFLD model by feeding with high-fat diet for 12 weeks in vivo and Palmitic Acid + Oleic Acid treatment for 24 h in vitro. The regulation of Lipid and iron metabolism results by ECD were detected by serological diagnosis, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting. The binding ability of 6 small molecules of ECD to Cav-1 was analyzed by molecular docking. We demonstrated that ECD alleviated the progression of NAFLD by inhibiting lipid accumulation, nitrogen oxygen stress, and iron accumulation in vivo and in vitro experiments. Furthermore, ECD inhibited lipid and iron accumulation in liver by up-regulating the expression of Cav-1, which indicated that Cav-1 was an important target for ECD to exert its curative effect. In summary, our study demonstrated that ECD alleviated the accumulation of lipid and iron in NAFLD through promoting the expression of Cav-1, and ECD might serve as a novel Cav-1 agonist to treat NAFLD. Scheme of Erchen decoction alleviates the progression of NAFLD by inhibiting lipid accumulation and iron overload through Caveolin-1 signaling. [Display omitted] • Lipid metabolism disorders and iron metabolism disorders take part in the progression of NAFLD. • Erchen Decoction inhibits the development of NAFLD by alleviating lipid accumulation and improving iron transport capacity. • Erchen Decoction regulates the expression of SREBP1/FASN and Fpn1 by upregulating the expression of Caveolin-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]