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Red mud was modified by impregnation with Co element loading. The Co-RM catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and UV full-band scanning. The results showed that the modified Co-RM catalyst successfully loaded the Co element and formed an irregular pore structure on the surface, thereby increasing the number of active sites of the red mud catalyst and effectively improving the degradation efficiency of tetracycline. Under the optimal conditions of a catalyst dosage of 0.3 g/L, a persulfate dosage of 3 g/L, a reaction temperature of 50 °C, and a pH value of 7, a removal rate of 50 mg/L of tetracycline can be achieved: 89.5% after 90 min. The effects of common anions and humic acids in water, as well as radical quenchers (anhydrous ethanol and tert-butanol), on the degradation of tetracycline were investigated. The results showed that Cl−, CO32−, HCO3−, H2PO4−, NO32−, HPO42−, and humic acids showed inhibitory effects on the degradation of tetracycline, while SO42− showed a promoting effect on the degradation of tetracycline. The free radical quenching experiment showed that the most important free radicals that can degrade tetracycline in the system are sulfate radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double network gel with sodium alginate (SA) and starch was used as the matrix to immobilize indium sulfide (In2S3) in situ by microwave-assistant solution method. The coordination between In3+ and hydroxy or carboxyl in SA/starch contributed to the formation of binding sites followed by the hydrolysis of sulfur sources to form In2S3. The morphology and loadage of In2S3 presented the correlation with microwave reaction time, resulting in different thermostabilities, surface properties and photoelectric properties. The composite film with In2S3 synthesized for 40 min (In2S3 film-40) displayed extremely rapid photodegradation of rhodamine (RhB) based on the synergistic effect of the adsorption and decomposition. The excellent adsorption originated from not only the maximum hydrophilia of the matrix but also the maximum content of In2S3 with uniform pore distribution. Furthermore, the presence of In2S3-40 particles (In2S3 particle-40) with high content in the composite film increased the number of active specifies, especially its high electron-hole separation ability contributed to the rapid oxidation of RhB. The optimal photocatalysis was obtained in the acidic solution with pH of 3 and moderate dye concentration of 60 mg/L. Finally, In2S3 film-40 displayed the availability of multiple reusability with an unchangeable structure. Highlights: In2S3 composite film was synthesized with in situ microwave reaction on double network gel. The loadage of In2S3 depended on microwave reaction time. The photocatalysis of In2S3 film was related to the synergistic effect of adsorption and decomposition. The excellent adsorption was from the mutual interaction between matrix and photocatalysts. The rapid decomposition was due to the presence of photocatalysts with high charge separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]