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Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (eNFMs) have been extensively developed for bio-applications due to their structural and compositional similarity to the natural extracellular matrix. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections significantly impedes the further development and applications of eNFMs. The development of antibacterial nanomaterials substantially nourishes the engineering design of antibacterial eNFMs for combating bacterial infections without relying on antibiotics. Herein, a comprehensive review of diverse fabrication techniques for incorporating antibacterial nanomaterials into eNFMs is presented, encompassing an exhaustive introduction to various nanomaterials and their bactericidal mechanisms. Furthermore, the latest achievements and breakthroughs in the application of these antibacterial eNFMs in tissue regenerative therapy, mainly focusing on skin, bone, periodontal and tendon tissues regeneration and repair, are systematically summarized and discussed. In particular, for the treatment of skin infection wounds, we highlight the antibiotic-free antibacterial therapy strategies of antibacterial eNFMs, including (i) single model therapies such as metal ion therapy, chemodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy; and (ii) multi-model therapies involving arbitrary combinations of these single models. Additionally, the limitations, challenges and future opportunities of antibacterial eNFMs in biomedical applications are also discussed. We anticipate that this comprehensive review will provide novel insights for the design and utilization of antibacterial eNFMs in future research.

Background and purposeRadiotherapy is a primary therapeutic approach for breast cancer following breast-conserving surgery. The TaiChiB dual-modality radiotherapy system combining X-ray and focused γ-ray, offers a new approach to reduce the radiation dose of organs at risk (OARs) and has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of radiotherapy. Currently, there are few studies on the dosimetric characteristics of the TaiChiB dual-modality system for actual treatment plans for specific diseases. The purpose of this work is to study the dosimetric advantages of dual-modal systems for right breast patients after breast-conserving surgery.Material and methodsTreatment plans for 20 patients with right breast cancer were generated for a linear accelerator (LINAC) based system and the TaiChiB dual-modality system, respectively. Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans with simultaneous integrated boost (VMAT-SIB) were made for the LINAC. Focused γ-ray was used to deliver the boost dose with the dual-modality system. The dosimetric parameters of the target and OARs were evaluated and compared between the treatment plans generated for the two systems.ResultsThe TaiChiB dual-modality plans exhibit a higher conformal index (CI) and lower gradient index (GI) for the PGTV and PTV compared with the LINAC-based VMAT-SIB plans. Compared to VMAT-SIB plans, the PTV Dmax, PTV Dmean, PTV V110, PGTV Dmax, and PGTV Dmean of the TaiChiB dual-modality plans are significantly lower. Meanwhile, the dose to OARs, such as the Dmean of the heart, the V5 of liver, the Dmean of ipsilateral lung, the V30 of ipsilateral lung, the V20 of ipsilateral lung, the V5 of ipsilateral lung, the Dmean of contralateral lung, Dmax of contralateral breast and the Dmean of contralateral breast are significantly reduced.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the dosimetric advantages of the novel TaiChiB dual-modality radiotherapy system for the treatment of right-sided breast cancer. Overall, for the TaiChiB dual-modality radiotherapy system, the radiation dose outside the target region decreases rapidly, thereby minimizing radiation exposure to neighboring organs and ensuring the conformity of the target area. Our research confirms the potential of the TaiChiB dual-modality system for future radiotherapy.

When subjected to a vessel collision in the presence of scour induced by wave-current or flood, a bridge can sustain more severe damage compared to the pristine bridge undergoing the same impact. Scouring diminishes the ultimate capacity of pile foundations and can result in local damage to piers and pile foundations post-collision. This study aimed to mitigate impact damage on a scoured steel reinforced concrete (RC) bridge by employing a concrete-filled steel tubular pier and increasing the pile foundation section area. Pendulum impact tests were conducted on four concrete-filled steel-tubular pier-pile foundation systems to study their impact behaviors with scour depth effects. Experimental results show that while the displacement at the top of the pier increases with scour depth, there is no observed local damage to the impacted pier, even at deep scour depths. Subsequently, an FE model of the steel RC bridge was developed to assess the local dynamic behavior and damage based on the validated model. The impact performance of the scoured bridge, reinforced with a concrete-filled steel tubular pier and an increased pile section area, was then evaluated. Compared to the pristine bridge, the pile foundation with scour is prone to yield under the same impact condition, especially at deep scour depths. The increased section area method significantly enhances impact performance and reduces potential local damage to pile foundations, even under deep scour conditions. Additionally, a concrete-filled steel tubular pier markedly improves impact behavior compared to a conventional RC bridge pier. These findings underscore the efficacy of structural enhancements in bolstering the resilience of bridges against vessel collisions in scour-prone environments.

Abstract In the field of world heritage conservation, there has been broad consensus on carrying out heritage conservation research on the basis of spatial integration and interregional and international cooperation. However, there are still many deficiencies in the integration of culture with the environment, regional economic and social development, and the regional, holistic and multimodal conservation and utilization of cultural heritage sites. In China, the Dongjiang-Hanjiang River Basin is a representative area of substantial cultural and ecological value for both Guangdong Province and the whole country. This paper uses the morphological spatial pattern analysis and the minimum cumulative resistance model to integrate cultural ecology sources and establish a cross-regional and large-scale cultural ecology network system that includes 1 main corridor, 22 important corridors and 17 secondary corridors. In addition, based on identified cultural landscape nodes and cultural ecology services, the economy of the cultural ecology corridor could be developed with large-scale co-construction, co-governance and shared working mechanisms to overcome administrative limits and realize the conservation and utilization of multimodal and large-scale heritage sites. This approach has strong theoretical and practical significance for innovative methods in cultural ecology research, as well as for new content in the research of Lingnan culture, ecosystem restoration, and the economic and social development of towns and villages. This article supplements unilateral studies of regional culture and ecology and demonstrates an in-depth application of cultural ecology theory.

This paper established a mathematical model with nonconvex bilinear terms. It formulated the complex material flow in the petroleum refinery scenario based on the concept of the "P model". The mathematical model described the nonlinear constraints such as linear and nonlinear mass and volume intersection flow blending of crude and middle material physical properties. Additionally, it described the complex inflow and outflow in secondary devices as nonlinear constraints such as delta-base structure and physical property transfer. It is highly difficult to determine the direction and quantity of each material in the network of refineries. An improved interior point algorithm with an initial point strategy was proposed to find a high-quality feasible solution in a short time. The real instances from the petroleum refinery were employed to compare and analyze the solutions from the improved algorithm and commercial solver. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm framework can balance the solution quality and computational efficiency and perform well in different scenarios of refinery material flow networks.

Satellite multi-view stereo (MVS) is a fundamental task in large-scale Earth surface reconstruction. Recently, learning-based multi-view stereo methods have shown promising results in this field. However, these methods are mainly developed by transferring the general learning-based MVS framework to satellite imagery, which lacks consideration of the specific terrain features of the Earth’s surface and results in inadequate accuracy. In addition, mainstream learning-based methods mainly use equal height interval partition, which insufficiently utilizes the height hypothesis surface, resulting in inaccurate height estimation. To address these challenges, we propose an end-to-end terrain feature-aware height estimation network named SA-SatMVS for large-scale Earth surface multi-view stereo, which integrates information across different scales. Firstly, we transform the Sobel operator into slope feature-aware kernels to extract terrain features, and a dual encoder–decoder architecture with residual blocks is applied to incorporate slope information and geometric structural characteristics to guide the reconstruction process. Secondly, we introduce a pixel-wise unequal interval partition method using a Laplacian distribution based on the probability volume obtained from other scales, resulting in more accurate height hypotheses for height estimation. Thirdly, we apply an adaptive spatial feature extraction network to search for the optimal fusion method for feature maps at different scales. Extensive experiments on the WHU-TLC dataset also demonstrate that our proposed model achieves the best MAE metric of 1.875 and an RMSE metric of 3.785, which constitutes a state-of-the-art performance.

Background and purpose: Radiotherapy is a primary therapeutic approach for breast cancer following breast-conserving surgery. The TaiChiB dual-modality radiotherapy system combining X-ray and focused γ-ray, offers a new approach to reduce the radiation dose of organs at risk (OARs) and has the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of radiotherapy. Currently, there are few studies on the dosimetric characteristics of the TaiChiB dual-modality system for actual treatment plans for specific diseases. The purpose of this work is to study the dosimetric advantages of dual-modal systems for right breast patients after breast-conserving surgery. Material and methods: Treatment plans for 20 patients with right breast cancer were generated for a linear accelerator (LINAC) based system and the TaiChiB dual-modality system, respectively. Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans with simultaneous integrated boost (VMAT-SIB) were made for the LINAC. Focused g-ray was used to deliver the boost dose with the dual-modality system. The dosimetric parameters of the target and OARs were evaluated and compared between the treatment plans generated for the two systems. Results: The TaiChiB dual-modality plans exhibit a higher conformal index (CI) and lower gradient index (GI) for the PGTV and PTV compared with the LINACbased VMAT-SIB plans. Compared to VMAT-SIB plans, the PTV Dmax, PTV Dmean, PTV V110, PGTV Dmax, and PGTV Dmean of the TaiChiB dualmodality plans are significantly lower. Meanwhile, the dose to OARs, such as the Dmean of the heart, the V5 of liver, the Dmean of ipsilateral lung, the V30 of ipsilateral lung, the V20 of ipsilateral lung, the V5 of ipsilateral lung, the Dmean of contralateral lung, Dmax of contralateral breast and the Dmean of contralateral breast are significantly reduced. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the dosimetric advantages of the novel TaiChiB dual-modality radiotherapy system for the treatment of right-sided breast cancer. Overall, for the TaiChiB dual-modality radiotherapy system, the radiation dose outside the target region decreases rapidly, thereby minimizing radiation exposure to neighboring organs and ensuring the conformity of the target area. Our research confirms the potential of the TaiChiB dual-modality system for future radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]