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Abstract Purpose The current study was designed to investigate the analgesic effect of esketamine on patients underwent thoracoscopic surgery and the underlying mechanism. Methods In this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 patients scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic lobectomy or segmentectomy were randomized to two groups to receive esketamine (group ESK) or saline (group SAL), respectively. 0.25 mg·kg−1 esketamine was given in group ESK for induction of anesthesia, and 0.12 mg·kg−1·h−1 esketamine for intraoperative maintenance. Group SAL received an equal volume of saline. The primary outcomes were the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores at rest and deep cough state which evaluated at departure from post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) (T1), 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgery (T2–T4). The secondary outcomes included the levels of white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), anxiety/depression scores at T3, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and adverse reactions. Results Esketamine significantly decreased both rest and cough VAS pain scores at T1, and rest pain scores at T1, T2 and T4. Patients in ESK group had significantly lower WBC and ANC levels than SAL group, while the alteration of IL-6 and PCT levels between groups showed no significance. The anxiety scores of patients in both groups were significantly decreased after surgery. However, the depression scores of patients in ESK group did not decrease after surgery when compared with the preoperation. The postoperative SpO2 and the incidence of adverse reaction including postoperative nausea, vomiting, dizziness and dissociative symptom showed no significant difference between two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Esketamine can alleviate the acute postoperative pain of patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery without increasing adverse reactions, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the reduction of postoperative inflammation. Trial registration Registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on February 7, 2022 (ChiCTR 2200056524). Graphical Abstract

Ageing is an inevitable biological process characterized by progressive decline in physiological functions. It is a complex natural phenomenon that will cause structural and functional decline. Despite substantial progress in understanding the mechanism of ageing, both predictive biomarkers and preventive therapies remain limited. Using Weighted Gene Co‐expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and machine learning techniques, we identified Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) as a pivotal marker of skin ageing, based on ageing‐related bulk transcriptome and single‐cell transcriptome data. Next, our investigation reveals downregulation of CPE in replicative, UVA‐induced, and H2O2‐induced senescent human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFs). Furthermore, shRNA‐mediated CPE knockdown induced HDFs senescence, and overexpression of CPE delayed HDFs senescence. Moreover, downregulated CPE inhibits collagen synthesis and induces inflammation, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for skin ageing. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CPE functions as a predictor and optional target for therapeutic intervention of skin ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) are essential in the processes of skin ageing and wound healing. However, the underlying mechanism of HDFs in skin healing of the elderly has not been well defined. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of HDFs senescence and how senescent HDFs affect wound healing in aged skin. Methods: The expression and function of sperm equatorial segment protein 1 (SPESP1) in skin ageing were evaluated via in vivo and in vitro experiments. To delve into the potential molecular mechanisms by which SPESP1 influences skin ageing, a combination of techniques was employed, including proteomics, RNA sequencing, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses. Clearance of senescent cells by dasatinib plus quercetin (D+Q) was investigated to explore the role of SPESP1‐induced senescent HDFs in wound healing. Results: Here, we define the critical role of SPESP1 in ameliorating HDFs senescence and retarding the skin ageing process. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that SPESP1 directly binds to methyl‐binding protein, leading to Decorin demethylation and subsequently upregulation of its expression. Moreover, SPESP1 knockdown delays wound healing in young mice and SPESP1 overexpression induces wound healing in old mice. Notably, pharmacogenetic clearance of senescent cells by D+Q improved wound healing in SPESP1 knockdown skin. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings reveal the critical role of SPESP1 in skin ageing and wound healing, expecting to facilitate the development of anti‐ageing strategies and improve wound healing in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a ubiquitous boundary reflection effect of stress wave propagation in the indoor experimental studies. It is critical to improve the validity of waveform data by optimizing boundary materials to absorb reflection waves. In the present study, a calculation method for the optimal wave impedance of boundary materials was proposed based on the transmission and reflection principle of one-dimensional stress waves at the interface of different media. By using the calculation method, the optimal wave impedance value of the boundary material was obtained. A one-dimensional stress wave propagation test apparatus was developed for exploring the improvement effect of absorbing materials on the boundary reflection effect. One-dimensional stress wave propagation experimental studies in the complete red sandstone samples were carried out by setting various boundary absorbing materials such as pine pad, rubber pad, and steel pad. The results indicated that the experimental test results were consistent with the theoretical calculation results. In the stress wave propagation tests, the optimal wave impedance value of the boundary material was 1.12 × 106 kg/m2·s. When the pine pads were used as boundary absorbing materials, the suppression effect of boundary reflection effects is relatively the best. The present study provides references for analyzing the characteristics and mechanism of stress wave propagation and attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency of artificial breeding and aquaculture efficiency of Chinese horseshoe crab, the breeding equipment used in the process of artificial breeding and larval cultivation of Chinese horseshoe crab was optimized and improved, and the breeding effects of the old and new equipments were compared. The results showed that the average egg-production amount per female Chinese horseshoe crab in the new temporarily rearing system of Chinese horseshoe crab was 3530, which was significantly higher than that in the conventional temporarily rearing system (2320) (P<0.05), and the cleaning frequency of the filter vat was significantly lower than that in the conventional system (P<0.05). The ratios of 2nd instar larvae (93.33%) and 3rd instar larvae (35.33%) obtained by the new larval rearing device were significantly higher than those obtained by the conventional larval rearing device (being 83.33% at 2nd instar and 10.33% at 3rd instar) (P<0.05). The average mortality rates of 1st instar larvae (6.67%) and 2nd instar larvae (6.33%) in the new larval rearing device were significantly lower than those in the conventional larval rearing device (16.67% and 30.67%) (P<0.05). The 2nd instar molting began from the 11th to 12th day and the 3rd instar molting began from the 21st to 30th day in the new larval rearing device, while the 2nd and 3rd instar molting began from the 31st to 40th day in the conventional larval rearing device. It could be seen that the molting time required for the new larval rearing device was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The above results showed that the new temporarily rearing system of horseshoe crab could enhance the purification capacity of waters, increase the egg laying amount of horseshoe crab, significantly accelerate the molting speed of the 2nd instar and 3rd instar juvenile Chinese horseshoe crab, and reduce the mortality rate of the 2nd instar juvenile Chinese horseshoe crab. The research results could provide important technical reference for the subsequent large-scale artificial breeding and larval cultivation of horseshoe crab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopic resection (ER) for jejunoileal lesions (JILs) has been technically challenging. We aimed to characterize the clinicopathologic characteristics, feasibility, and safety of ER for JILs. Method: We retrospectively investigated 52 patients with JILs who underwent ER from January 2012 to February 2022. We collected and analyzed clinicopathological characteristics, procedure‐related parameters, outcomes, and follow‐up data. Results: The mean age was 49.4 years. Of the 52 JILs, 33 ileal tumors within 20 cm from the ileocecal valve were resected with colonoscopy, while 19 tumors in the jejunum or the ileum over 20 cm from the ileocecal valve received enteroscopy resection. The mean procedure duration was 49.0 min. The en bloc resection and en bloc with R0 resection rates were 86.5% and 84.6%, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) included one (1.9%) major AE (delayed bleeding) and five (9.6%) minor AEs. During a median follow‐up of 36.5 months, two patients had local recurrence (3.8%), while none had metastases. The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were 92.9% and 94.1%, respectively. Compared with the enteroscopy group, overall AEs were significantly lower in the colonoscopy group (P < 0.05), but no statistical differences were observed in RFS (P = 0.412) and DSS (P = 0.579). There were no significant differences in AEs, RFS, and DSS between the endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and the endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) group. Conclusions: ER of JILs has favorable short‐term and long‐term outcomes. Both ESD and EMR can safely and effectively resect JILs in appropriately selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Huanglongbing (HLB) (caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) is the most damaging disease of citrus around the world. This study investigated the effects of citrus tree height on Diaphorina citri Kuwayama mortality, endosymbiont responses, and HLB distribution. RESULTS: The results reveal that the age of citrus trees plays a significant role in psyllid mortality. Interestingly, the cumulative mean mortality (%) of psyllids over the seven‐day observation period was higher (31.50±0.03) when four‐year‐old (501A1, 502A2, 501A3) citrus trees were sprayed with a US‐SMART mechanical sprayer. In contrast, the psyllids mortality was 0.09±0.23 for the 13‐year‐old citrus trees (104A2, 104A3, 104C1) sprayed with a US‐SMART mechanical sprayer and 9.10±0.05 for 13‐year‐old (502A2, 502B2, 502D1) citrus trees sprayed with a fixed US‐SMART mechanical sprayer. Our findings also revealed that psyllids from both four‐ and 13‐year‐old citrus trees carried Candidatus Carsonella ruddii species and Wolbachia, the primary and secondary endosymbionts, respectively. Surprisingly, infection rates of these endosymbionts remained consistent across different age groups, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, our study highlights the significance of tree height as a proxy for tree age in influencing HLB occurrence. Specifically, four‐year‐old citrus trees subjected to the US‐SMART mechanical sprayer for citrus psyllid control demonstrated effective disease management compared to 13‐year‐old (104A2, 104A3, 104C1) citrus trees sprayed with US‐SMART mechanical sprayers. Additionally, the investigation explored the impact of tree height on HLB distribution. In four‐year‐old trees, no significant correlation between HLB disease and tree height was observed, potentially due to effective spray coverage with US‐SMART mechanical sprayer. However, in 13‐year‐old (104A2, 104A3, 104C1) citrus tree sprayed with US‐SMART mechanical sprayer, a positive correlation between tree height and HLB disease was evident. CONCLUSION: This research provides valuable insights into the complex interaction between citrus tree age, psyllid endosymbionts responses, and HLB distribution. These results emphasize effective HLB management strategies, especially in orchards with diverse tree age populations, ultimately contributing to the long‐term sustainability of citrus cultivation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skeletal muscle ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a prevalent condition encountered in clinical practice, characterised by muscular dystrophy. Owing to limited treatment options and poor prognosis, it can lead to movement impairments, tissue damage, and disability. This study aimed to determine and verify the influence of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) on skeletal muscle IRI, and to explore the role of TRPC6 in the occurrence of skeletal muscle IRI and the signal transduction pathways activated by TRPC6 to provide novel insights for the treatment and intervention of skeletal muscle IRI., Methods: In vivo ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) and in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) models were established, and data were comprehensively analysed at histopathological, cellular, and molecular levels, along with the evaluation of the exercise capacity in mice., Results: By comparing TRPC6 knockout mice with wild-type mice, we found that TRPC6 knockout of TRPC6 could reduced skeletal muscle injury after I/R or H/R, of skeletal muscle, so as therebyto restoringe some exercise capacity inof mice. TRPC6 knockdown can reduced Ca 2+ overload in cells, therebyo reducinge apoptosis. In additionAdditionally, we also found that TRPC6 functionsis not only a key ion channel involved in skeletal muscle I/R injury, but also can affects Ca 2+ levels and then phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signalling pathway. by knocking downTherefore, knockdown of TRPC6, so as to alleviated the injury inducedcaused by skeletal muscle I/R or and H/R., Conclusions: These findingsdata indicate that the presence of TRPC6 exacerbatescan aggravate the injury of skeletal muscle injury after I/Rischemia/reperfusion, leading towhich not only causes Ca 2+ overload and apoptosis., Additionally, it impairsbut also reduces the self- repair ability of cells by inhibiting the expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. ETo exploringe the function and role of TRPC6 in skeletal muscle maycan presentprovide a novelew approachidea for the treatment of skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion injury., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Shou-Tian Li reports financial support was provided by The National Natural Science Foundation of China. Shou-Tian Li reports financial support was provided by The Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Advanced age is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The relationship between biological age acceleration (BAA), cardiac size, cardiac function, and heart failure (HF) is not well-defined., Methods: Utilizing the UK Biobank cohort, we assessed biological age using the Klemera-Doubal and PhenoAge method. BAA was quantified by residual analysis compared to chronological age. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provided detailed insights into cardiac structure and function. We employed multivariate regression to examine links between BAA and CMR-derived cardiac phenotypes. Cox proportional hazard regression models analyses was applied to explore the causative relationship between BAA and HF. Additionally, Mendelian randomization was used to investigate the genetic underpinnings of these associations., Results: A significant correlation was found between increased BAA and deleterious changes in cardiac structure, such as diminished left ventricular mass, lower overall ventricular volume, and reduced stroke volumes across ventricles and atria. Throughout a median follow-up of 13.8 years, participants with greater biological aging showed a heightened risk of HF (26% per standard deviation [SD] increase in KDM-BA acceleration, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 23%-28%; 33% per SD increase in PhenoAge acceleration, 95% CI: 32%-35%). Mendelian randomization analysis suggests a likely causal link between BAA, vital cardiac metrics, and HF risk., Conclusions: In this cohort, accelerated biological aging may serve as a risk indicator for altered cardiac dimensions, functionality, and the onset of heart failure among middle-aged and elderly adults. It holds promise as a focal point for evaluating risk and developing targeted interventions., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) shows promise for remediating Cd-contaminated soil due to its significant Cd accumulation capabilities. Although various tobacco varieties exhibit distinct Cd bioaccumulation capacities, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms is lacking. This study, conducted using hydroponics, explores differences in Cd accumulation and tolerance mechanisms between two tobacco varieties, Basma and Yunyan 87. The results showed that Cd stress reduced the dry weight, tolerance index, and root morphology for both varieties. Basma exhibited a relatively smaller decline in these indices compared to Yunyan 87. Moreover, Basma demonstrated a higher Cd bioconcentration factor (BCF), concentration, and accumulated content, signifying its superior tolerance and bioaccumulation capacity to Cd compared to Yunyan 87. The Carbonyl Cyanide3-ChloroPhenylhydrazone (CCCP) addition resulted in reduced Cd accumulation and BCFs in both tobacco species. This effect was more pronounced in Basma, suggesting that Basma relies more on an active transport process than Yunyan 87. This could potentially explain its enhanced bioaccumulation ability. Subcellular Cd distribution analysis revealed Basma's preference for distributing Cd in soluble fractions, while Yunyan 87 favoured the cell wall fractions. Transmission electron microscope showed that Basma's organelles were less damaged than Yunyan 87's under Cd stress, possibly contributing to the superior tolerance of Basma. Therefore, these results provided a theoretical foundation for development of Cd-contaminated soil tobacco remediation technology.

Objectives: This study aims to address the critical challenges of data integrity, accuracy, consistency, and precision in the application of electronic medical record (EMR) data within the healthcare sector, particularly within the context of Chinese medical information data management. The research seeks to propose a solution in the form of a medical metadata governance framework that is efficient and suitable for clinical research and transformation. Methods: The article begins by outlining the background of medical information data management and reviews the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology relevant to the field. It then introduces the "Service, Patient, Regression, base/Away, Yeast" (SPRAY)-type AI application as a case study to illustrate the potential of AI in EMR data management. Results: The research identifies the scarcity of scientific research on the transformation of EMR data in Chinese hospitals and proposes a medical metadata governance framework as a solution. This framework is designed to achieve scientific governance of clinical data by integrating metadata management and master data management, grounded in clinical practices, medical disciplines, and scientific exploration. Furthermore, it incorporates an information privacy security architecture to ensure data protection. Conclusion: The proposed medical metadata governance framework, supported by AI technology, offers a structured approach to managing and transforming EMR data into valuable scientific research outcomes. This framework provides guidance for the identification, cleaning, mining, and deep application of EMR data, thereby addressing the bottlenecks currently faced in the healthcare scenario and paving the way for more effective clinical research and data-driven decision-making., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Calcifying fibrous tumors (CFTs) are rare mesenchymal lesions that can occur in various sites throughout the body, including the tubular gastrointestinal (GI) tract., Aim: To analyze the clinical findings of 36 patients with GI tract CFTs to provide guidance for diagnosis and treatment., Methods: This retrospective study included 36 patients diagnosed with CFTs of the GI tract. We collected demographic and clinical information and conducted regular follow-ups to assess for local recurrence., Results: The stomach was the most commonly involved site, accounting for 72.2% of the 36 CFTs. Endoscopic mucosal resection ( n = 1, 2.8%), endoscopic submucosal dissection ( n = 14, 38.9%), endoscopic full-thickness resection ( n = 16, 44.4%), and submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection ( n = 5, 13.9%) were used to resect calcifying fibrous tumors. Overall, 34 (94.4%) CFTs underwent complete endoscopic resections with a mean procedure time of 39.8 ± 29.8 min. The average maximum diameter of the tumors was 10.6 ± 4.3 cm. No complications, such as bleeding or perforation, occurred during an average hospital stay of 2.9 ± 1.2 d. In addition, two patients developed new growth of CFTs near the primary tumor sites, and none of the patients developed distant metastases during the follow-up period., Conclusion: GI tract CFTs are rare and typically benign tumors that can be effectively managed with endoscopic procedures., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students., Methods: Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine vision examination in the optometry clinic of Guangxi Medical University. Their data were used to identify the different types of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction and to determine their frequency. Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with these abnormalities., Results: The results showed that 36.71% of the subjects had accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision issues, with 8.86% being attributed to accommodation dysfunction and 27.85% to binocular abnormalities. Convergence insufficiency (CI) was the most common abnormality, accounting for 13.29%. Those with these abnormalities experienced higher levels of eyestrain ( χ 2 =69.518, P <0.001). The linear correlations were observed between the difference of binocular spherical equivalent (SE) and the index of horizontal esotropia at a distance ( r =0.231, P =0.004) and the asthenopia survey scale (ASS) score ( r =0.346, P <0.001). Furthermore, the right eye's SE was inversely correlated with the convergence of positive and negative fusion images at close range ( r =-0.321, P <0.001), the convergence of negative fusion images at close range ( r =-0.294, P <0.001), the vergence facility (VF; r =-0.234, P =0.003), and the set of negative fusion images at far range ( r =-0.237, P =0.003). Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, age, and the difference in right and binocular SE did not influence the emergence of these abnormalities., Conclusion: Binocular vision abnormalities are more prevalent than accommodation dysfunction, with CI being the most frequent type. Greater binocular refractive disparity leads to more severe eyestrain symptoms., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Cai J, None; Fan WW, None; Zhong YH, None; Wen CL, None; Wei XD, None; Wei WC, None; Xiang WY, None; Chen JM, None., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)