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Blue carbon can be transferred from primary producers to primary consumers through oyster filter feeding. Understanding the carbon (food) sources is crucial for understanding coastal food webs and management of oyster aquaculture ecosystems. In the present study, Bayesian stable isotope mixing models (MixSIAR) were used to identify and quantify food composition within a cultured oyster ecosystem at six sites along a salinity gradient in the estuarine bay of Zhenhai (ZHB). The carbon stable isotope (δ13C) signatures of oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis ranged from −22.06 to −27.27‰, with significant spatial differences (p < 0.001), indicating variations in food resources along the salinity gradient. The primary food source for cultured oysters was suspended particle organic matter across ZHB (55.7–90.6%), with sedimentary organic matter contributing more in the mid-estuary (28.9–44.3%). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to explore the effects of habitat environment and human disturbance on spatial variation in oyster diets. The results indicated that dissolved oxygen, sediment particle size, elevation, and mangrove-related landscape indices were the main factors influencing oyster diet in ZHB. The findings provide insights into the dietary composition of cultured oysters and the underlying factors in a typical shallow bay in southern China, with particular emphasis on the role of terrestrial landscape features. In addition, the findings validate PLSR as a reasonable tool for predicting the food composition of consumers in estuarine bays. • Providing the carbon isotope data in a typical oyster culture region of South China. • The MixSIAR model was employed to quantify the spatial distribution of oyster diets. • Food resources of cultured oysters changed spatially along the salinity gradient. • Coastal land use patterns in aquaculture areas could influence oyster diets. • Managing oyster aquaculture production using partial least squares regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation is a crucial strategy for maintaining the sustainability of agriculture and presents a promising solution for seagrass ecological restoration in the face of disturbances. However, the possible roles and functions of PGPRs in the seagrass rhizosphere remain unclear. Here, we isolated rhizosphere bacterial strains from both reef and coastal regions and screened two PGPR isolates regarding their in vivo functional traits. Subsequently, we conducted microcosm experiments to elucidate how PGPR inoculation affected seagrass photosynthesis and shape within each rhizosphere microbiome. Both screened PGPR strains, Raoultella terrigena NXT28 and Bacillus aryabhattai XT37, excelled at expressing a specific subset of plant-beneficial functions and increased the photosynthetic rates of the seagrass host. PGPR inoculation not only decreased the abundance of sulfur-cycling bacteria, it also improved the abundance of putative iron-cycling bacteria in the seagrass rhizosphere. Strain XT37 successfully colonized the seagrass rhizosphere and displayed a leading role in microbial network structure. As a nitrogen-fixing bacteria, NXT28 showed potential to change the microbial nitrogen cycle with denitrification in the rhizosphere and alter dissimilatory and assimilatory nitrate reduction in bulk sediment. These findings have implications for the development of eco-friendly strategies aimed at exploiting microbial communities to confer sulfide tolerance in coastal seagrass ecosystem. • Two PGPR strains were screened from different seagrass species in both reef and coastal regions. • PGPR strains increased the photosynthetic rates of seagrass host. • PGPR inoculation inhibited and enriched the abundance of iron- and sulfur-cycling bacterial taxa, respectively. • The colonization of the seagrass rhizosphere by Bacillus aryabhattai XT37 played a leading role in the microbial network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tumor immunotherapy can not only eliminate the primary lesion, but also produce long-term immune memory, effectively inhibiting tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, immunotherapy also showed plenty of limitations in clinical practice. In recent years, the combination of nanomaterials and immunotherapy has brought new light for completely eliminating tumors with its fabulous anti-tumor effects and negligible side effects. Methods: The Core Collection of Web of Science (WOSCC) was used to retrieve and obtain relevant literatures on antitumor nano-immunotherapy since the establishment of the WOSCC. Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism, and Excel were adopted to perform statistical analysis and visualization. The annual output, active institutions, core journals, main authors, keywords, major countries, key documents, and impact factor of the included journals were evaluated. Results: A total of 443 related studies were enrolled from 2004 to 2022, and the annual growth rate of articles reached an astonishing 16.85%. The leading countries in terms of number of publications were China and the United States. Journal of Controlled Release, Biomaterials, Acta Biomaterialia, Theranostics, Advanced Materials, and ACS Nano were core journals publishing high-quality literature on the latest advances in the field. Articles focused on dendritic cells and drug delivery accounted for a large percentage in this field. Key words such as regulatory T cells, tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint blockade, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, tumor-associated macrophages were among the hottest themes with high maturity. Dendritic cells, vaccine, and T cells tend to become the popular and emerging research topics in the future. Conclusions: The combined treatment of nanomaterials and antitumor immunotherapy, namely antitumor nano-immunotherapy has been paid increasing attention. Antitumor nano-immunotherapy is undergoing a transition from simple to complex, from phenotype to mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scleractinian corals are the main framework-building groups in tropical coral reefs. In the coral holobiont, nitrogen-cycling mediated by microbes is fundamental for sustaining the coral reef ecosystems. However, little direct evidence characterizing the activities of microbial nitrogen removal via complete denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in stony corals has been presented. In this study, multiple incubation experiments using 15N-tracer were conducted to identify and characterize N 2 production by denitrification and anammox in the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. The rates of denitrification and anammox were recorded up to 0.765 ± 0.162 and 0.078 ± 0.009 nmol N 2 cm−2 h−1 respectively. Denitrification contributed the majority (∼90%) of N 2 production by microbial nitrogen removal in stony corals. The microbial nitrogen removal activities showed diel rhythms, which might correspond to photosynthetic oxygen production. The N 2 production rates of anammox and denitrification increased with incubation time. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to confirm and characterize the activities of complete denitrification and anammox in stony corals via stable isotope techniques. This study extends the understanding on nitrogen-cycling in coral reefs and how it participates in corals' resilience to environmental stressors. [Display omitted] • Anammox activity in stony corals is proved by isotope tracer for the first time. • Denitrification contributed ∼90% of N 2 production in stony corals. • Variations in anammox and denitrification in corals are significantly consistent. • Microbial nitrogen removal activity in stony corals shows diel rhythms. • Microbial nitrogen removal is influenced by coral photosynthetic oxygen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) is a migratory fish endemic to the Qinghai Lake, the largest inland saline-alkaline lake in China. Based on our previous results of comparative transcriptome sequencing, we found that pathways related to regulation of actin cytoskeleton, plasma membrane damage, and inflammation-related signaling were significantly enriched during saline-alkaline stress, suggesting involvement of annexin (ANN) family proteins in stress adaption in naked carp. Herein, to explore the role of annexin family in naked carp under saline-alkaline stress, twenty GpANNs family members were identified at the genome-wide scale, and bioinformatics and expression analysis under saline-alkaline stress were performed. The predicted subcellular localization showed that most members of GpANNs were distributed in the cytoplasm, and the rest were localized in the cytoskeleton, nucleus, or mitochondria, respectively. GpANNs family proteins contained specific type II Ca2+-binding motifs, actin-binding motifs, GTP-binding motifs, etc. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the annexin homologues from naked carp, carp (Cyprinus carpio), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and chinese cavefish (Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous) were divided into eight groups, i.e. ANN1 ∼ 6, ANN11 and ANN13. But homologues of ANN7 ∼ 10 groups were not found in these three fish species. Twenty-eight, nineteen and twenty-nine orthologous gene pairs were identified between naked carp and carp, zebrafish and chinese cavefish, respectively. Six paralogous gene pairs were identified in naked carp, all of which had a Ka/Ks ratio less than one, suggesting that the GpANNs family may have undergone purifying selection pressure during evolution. Expression of GpANN3 was significantly up-regulated in the kidney tissue under saline-alkaline stress, while GpANN2 was significantly down-regulated. Similar trends of protein expression were also observed by Western blot, suggesting involvement of GpANN3 and GpANN2 in stress response. Confocal microscopy revealed that GpANN2 was localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, but GpANN3 was preferentially localized in the cytoplasm. Our study demonstrated the role of annexins in stress adaption, and provided the basic information required for further function analyses in naked carp. • The annexin family were comprehensively analyzed in G. przewalskii for the first time, but ANN7 ∼ 10 memebers were lacked. • GpANNs contain a variety of motifs which may be important sites for protein function under saline-alkaline conditions. • GpANNs exhibited differential expression patterns in 12 different tissues under saline-alkaline stress. • In kidney, GpANN2 and GpANN3 significantly responded to saline-alkaline stress at both mRNA and protein levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]