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Abstract For a long time, the decline in lung function has been regarded as a potential factor associated with the risk of osteoporosis (OP). Although several observational studies have investigated the relationship between lung function and OP, their conclusions have been inconsistent. Given that Mendelian randomization (MR) studies can help reduce the interference of confounding factors on outcomes, we adopted this approach to explore the causal relationship between lung function and OP at the genetic level. To investigate the potential causality between lung function (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF) and OP, we conducted a MR analysis employing three approaches: inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median. We used Cochran’s Q test to detect potential heterogeneity, MR-Egger regression to evaluate directional pleiotropy, and the MR-PRESSO method to evaluate horizontal pleiotropy. In addition, we used MR-PRESSO and MR radial methods to exclude SNPs exhibiting pleiotropic outliers. Upon identification of potential outliers, we removed them and subsequently ran MR analysis again to assess the reliability of our findings. The MR analysis suggested that there was no causal effect of lung function (FVC, PEF, FEV1/FVC, FEV1) on OP, which is consistent with the. results after excluding potential outliers using MR-PRESSO and MR radial. methods. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability and consistency of these. results. The study concluded that there is no causal link between lung function and OP. The association found in observational studies might be attributable to shared risk factors.

IntroductionImmunogenic cell death (ICD) is capable of activating the anti-tumor immune response of the organism; however, it is concurrently a complex process involving multiple factors. The specific factors that impact the occurrence of ICD remain undefined.MethodsThrough cluster analysis, patient specimens retrieved from the TARGET, TCGA, and GEO AML databases were categorized into two subtypes based on the expression levels of ICD-related genes: ICD-high and ICD-low. We compared the prognostic survival outcomes, pathway enrichment analysis, and immune cell infiltration between these two subtypes. Additionally, we identified factors related to AML development from multiple databases and verified the role of these factors both in vivo and in vitro in activating the immune response during the occurrence of ICD. Results and discussionIn the ICD-high subtype, there was a notable increase in the abundance of immune cell populations, along with the enrichment of pathways pertinent to the activation of various immune cells. Despite these immunological enhancements, this subgroup demonstrated a poorer prognosis. This phenomenon was consistently observed across various additional AML datasets, leading us to hypothesize that elevated expression of ICD genes does not invariably correlate with a favorable prognosis. Notably, STK10 exhibited elevated expression in AML, was associated with a poor prognosis, and showed synchronous expression patterns with ICD genes. Inhibition of STK10 led to the activation of ICD and the induction of an antitumor response. Moreover, when combined with other ICD inducers, it produced a synergistic anti-tumor effect. Our results reveal the impact of STK10 on ICD and underscore its key role in initiating ICD.

Sleep deprivation (SD) is commonplace in today’s fast-paced society. SD is a severe public health problem globally since it may cause cognitive decline and even neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. Melatonin (MT) is a natural chemical secreted by the pineal gland with neuroprotective effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of MT on chronic sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment. A 3-week modified multi-platform method was used to create the SD rat model. The Morris water maze test (MWM), Tissue staining (including Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence), Western blot, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of MT in ameliorating cognitive impairment in SD rats. The results showed that MT (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly improved cognitive function in rats, as evidenced by a shortening of escape latency and increased time of crossing the platform and time spent in the quadrant. Additionally, MT therapy alleviated hippocampus neurodegeneration and neuronal loss while lowering levels of pathogenic factors (LPS) and inflammatory indicators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX2). Furthermore, MT treatment reversed the high expression of Aβ42 and Iba1 as well as the low expression of ZO-1 and occludin, and inhibited the SD-induced TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, MT ameliorated spatial recognition and learning memory dysfunction in SD rats by reducing neuroinflammation and increasing neuroprotection while inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study supports the use of MT as an alternate treatment for SD with cognitive impairment.

ObjectiveThis paper puts forward a hybrid digital twin monitoring system for structural health to realize the whole-life health monitoring of ships. MethodThe proposed model collects and feeds back the deformation of key cabin structures in real time in order to improve the information and safety management capabilities of shipping. The singular value decomposition method is used to compress and reduce the dimensions of the physical field information formed by multiple groups of loads to obtain the specific standard orthogonal basis, create the response surface model of the relationship between the basis vector and the load, and output a finite element reduced order model based on the real-time input load. The Kriging interpolation algorithm based on geostatistics is used to arrange points according to the specific topological structure, and the real-time sensor data and supplementary point data output by the reduced model are fused and corrected through the Kalman filter algorithm to jointly calculate the deformation of the monitored object. Finally, through the construction of a deformation monitoring software and hardware system, the whole process of physical characteristic collection and visualization is realized. ResultsUnder the preset load, the hardware acquisition system can stably collect data while the supporting application program can visualize the acquisition process in real time according to the expected requirements. ConclusionThe proposed structural health hybrid digital twin monitoring system meets the needs of ship health monitoring and has certain reference significance for the future development of highly integrated and intelligent ships.

Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm significantly endanger human health worldwide. Biofilms are closely associated with antibiotic resistance because biofilms significantly undermine the efficacy of antibiotics. A novel ultrasound-launched targeted nanoparticle was developed to universally destroy biofilm, target bacteria, deliver antibiotics, and efficiently kill bacteria via ultrasonic cavitation and antibacterial sonodynamic therapy. The nanoparticle consisted of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) loading ciprofloxacin and perfluoropentane with a bacteria-targeted antibody installed on the nanoparticle for binding to specific bacteria. The nanoparticle exhibited a sensitive response to ultrasound and the rapid liquid-gas phase transition of perfluoropentane resulted in a cavitation effect that destroyed the extracellular polymeric substances of the biofilm and allowed deep penetration of the antibiotics. In addition, ciprofloxacin induced additional reactive oxygen species production under ultrasound stimulation, leading to an enhanced bactericidal effect and potent anti-infective activity in vivo. This study presents an effective strategy to tackle the extracellular polymeric substance barriers for overcoming antibiotic resistance and removing a biofilm.

Despite the fact that physical and chemical processes have been widely proposed to explicate the stabilization mechanisms of soil organic carbon (SOC), thebioavailability of SOC linked to soil physical structure, microbial community structure, and functional genes remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the SOC division based on bioavailability differences formed by physical isolation, and to clarify the relationships of SOC bioavailability with soil elements, pore characteristics, and microbial activity. Results revealed that soil element abundances such as SOC, TN, and DOC ranked in the same order as the soil porosity as clay > silt ≥ coarse sand > fine sand in both top and sub soil. In contrast to silt and clay, which had reduced SOC bioavailability, fine sand and coarse sand had dramatically enhanced SOC bioavailability compared to the bulk soil. The bacterial and fungal community structure was significantly influenced by particle size, porosity, and soil elements. Copiotrophic bacteria and functional genes were more prevalent in fine sand than clay, which also contained more oligotrophic bacteria. The SOC bioavailability was positively correlated with abundances of functional genes, C degradation genes, and copiotrophic bacteria, but negatively correlated with abundances of soil elements, porosity, oligotrophic bacteria, and microbial biomass (p