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This paper seeks to characterize the particular ways in which design beauty arises and is assessed, distinguishing design appreciation on a number of grounds, including the 'functional style' of design, which integrates form and function in ways unique to designed objects. Making four central distinctions--between notions of design vs art; aesthetic vs instrumental judgements; function vs use; and ornamentation vs mere decoration--the paper suggests that aesthetic judgements of design require recognition and assessment of the play of form and function in the design decisions that achieve the creation of an object within acknowledged functional constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, BaTiO3 nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation were embedded in p-type and n-type porous silicon (PSi), which were prepared using an electrochemical etching method. Structural analysis confirmed that the synthesized BaTiO3 nanoparticles are crystalline with a tetragonal structure. The direct optical energy gap of the BaTiO3 nanoparticles was found to be 3.75 eV at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the synthesized BaTiO3 nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with an average particle size of 34 nm. The optoelectronic properties of BaTiO3-embedded n-type and p-type porous silicon photodetectors were investigated, including dark and illuminated current–voltage characteristics, responsivity, external quantum efficiency, and specific detectivity. The responsivity of n-BaTiO3-embedded p-PSi and n-BaTiO3- embedded n-PSi was 0.44 and 0.12 A/W at 350 nm, respectively. Energy band diagrams under illumination conditions were constructed for n-BaTiO3-embedded p-PSi and n-BaTiO3- embedded n-PSi heterojunction photodetector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]