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Lead (Pb), one of the most ubiquitous and harmful contaminants of farmland, seriously threatens soil health and food security. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have potential applications in soil remediation and phytoremediation. Yet, how SiNPs influence plant growth under Pb stress remains poorly understood. In this study, the candidate Pb-hyperaccumulator Lolium multiflorum was selected to investigate the toxicity of Pb and the mitigation of Pb stress by SiNPs. The application of SiNPs was able to enhance Pb enrichment and maintain proper photosynthesis and root growth of L. multiflorum. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that Pb exposure interfered with nitrogen metabolism and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathways in roots, which changed the root exudate composition. Besides, SiNPs altered both the accumulation of metabolites and correlated gene expression in roots, further affecting root exudates and stimulating the defense system, consequently increasing Pb tolerance. Our findings both demonstrated that co-application of L. multiflorum with SiNPs has potential for phytoremediation of Pb-polluted soil and revealed the contributions of SiNP amendment to mitigating Pb toxicity, and provided a new strategy for phytoremediation of farmland ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)