12 results on '"pediatric infectious diseases"'
Search Results
2. Epidemiology of Endocrine Dysfunctions in Pediatric Patients with Previous Central Nervous System Infection: A Scoping Review of the Literature.
- Author
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Sodero, Giorgio, Cipolla, Clelia, Martino, Laura, Gentili, Carolina, Rendeli, Claudia, and Buonsenso, Danilo
- Subjects
BACTERIAL disease complications ,MENINGITIS ,CENTRAL nervous system infections ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,LITERATURE reviews ,ENCEPHALITIS ,ENDOCRINE diseases ,ONLINE information services ,DISEASE incidence ,MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis ,HUMAN growth hormone ,PITUITARY diseases ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Purpose The incidence of endocrine sequelae following central nervous system (CNS) infections in pediatric age is not known. We conducted this scoping review to assess the incidence of endocrinological alterations in patients with prior CNS infections in pediatric age. Methods Our screening process included both randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. All types of observational studies, prospective and retrospective, have been included. Results Ten studies were included in our review. The cumulative number of patients in all of the studies was 211, the mean age of the population study was 4.9 (±5 years). The included papers described the following acute CNS infections: meningitis (nine studies reported eighty-five cases) and encephalitis (three studies described sixty-five cases). Two case reports and one retrospective study reported hypopituitarism as a consequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CNS infection. In five studies the patients developed endocrine comorbidities at the time of infection. Another study analyzed 49 young adults who previously had tuberculous meningitis at a mean age of 5.9 ± 5.0 years: seven patients had growth hormone deficiency, four of whom also had gonadotropin deficiency; the other three had gonadotropin deficiency, corticotropin deficiency, and mild hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion Standardized multidisciplinary follow-up and research of patients with prior CNS infection is crucial. Although pituitary reserve screening is not commonly performed in these patients, clinical and research centers should set up an endocrinological evaluation with monitoring of auxological parameters to detect the signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism early and to initiate the appropriate care in children with previous CNS infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. TRATAMIENTO ANTIBIÓTICO EMPÍRICO EN NIÑOS CON INFECCIONES DEL TRACTO URINARIO.
- Author
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Coria Lorenzo, José de J., Moctezuma Paz, Luis Eduardo, Neme Díaz, Gonzalo Antonio, and Fuentes González, Ernesto
- Abstract
Early, adequate antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in young children alleviates acute symptoms and may also limit long-term sequelae. Antibiotics should ideally be prescribed only to those. As, there is no rapid point of care for a UTI using an antibiotic with the narrowest effective spectrum. Empirical treatment is universal in primary care, given that urine culture results take several days. As yet, there are no rapid point-of-care tests that give a sufficiently robust indication of an etiology and the susceptibility of infecting organisms. Guidelines generally recommend that the choice of empiric antibiotics for suspected UTI in acutely unwell children should rely on local susceptibilities choice of empiric antibiotics for suspected UTI in acutely unwell children should depend on local susceptibilities Such information is usually derived from routinely collected data. It may provide biased estimates because of variation provide biased estimates because of variation. It provides biased estimates because of variations in sampling decisions by individual clinicians, differing laboratory procedures and the inclusion of repeat samples in databases. The susceptibilities of organisms from urines submitted in routine care and organisms causing UTI from systematically obtained urines in primary care have not been directly compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
4. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pediatric infectious disease landscape.
- Author
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Shmueli, Moshe, Lendner, Idan, and Ben-Shimol, Shalom
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COMMUNICABLE diseases , *MEDICAL care , *COVID-19 pandemic , *VACCINE hesitancy , *URINARY tract infections , *POST-acute COVID-19 syndrome , *EMERGING infectious diseases - Abstract
This narrative review aims to present an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on the landscape of pediatric infectious diseases. While COVID-19 generally results in mild symptoms and a favorable prognosis in children, the pandemic brought forth significant consequences. These included persistent symptoms among infected children ("long COVID"), a profound transformation in healthcare utilization (notably through the widespread adoption of telemedicine), and the implementation of optimization strategies within healthcare settings. Furthermore, the pandemic resulted in alterations in the circulation patterns of respiratory pathogens, including influenza, RSV, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The possible reasons for those changes are discussed in this review. COVID-19 effect was not limited to respiratory infectious diseases, as other diseases, including urinary tract and gastrointestinal infections, have displayed decreased transmission rates, likely attributable to heightened hygiene measures and shifts in care-seeking behaviors. Finally, the disruption of routine childhood vaccination programs has resulted in reduced immunization coverage and an upsurge in vaccine hesitancy. In addition, the pandemic was associated with issues of antibiotic misuse and over-prescription. Conclusion: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has left a profound and multifaceted impact on the landscape of pediatric infectious diseases, ranging from the emergence of "long COVID" in children to significant changes in healthcare delivery, altered circulation patterns of various pathogens, and concerning disruptions in vaccination programs and antibiotic usage. What is Known: • COVID-19 usually presents with mild symptoms in children, although severe and late manifestations are possible. • The pandemic resulted in a dramatically increased use of health care services, as well as alterations in the circulation patterns of respiratory pathogens, decreased rates of other, non-respiratory, infections, disruption of routine childhood vaccination programs, and antibiotic misuse. What is New: • Possible strategies to tackle future outbreaks are presented, including changes in health care services utilization, implementation of updated vaccine programs and antibiotic stewardship protocols. • The decline in RSV and influenza circulation during COVID-19 was probably not primarily related to NPI measures, and rather related to other, non-NPI measures implementation, including specific pathogen-host interactions on the level of the biological niche (the nasopharynx). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Advanced Practice Providers in Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
- Author
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Toia, Jacquie, Murtagh, Katie, Heald, Lynn, Leake, Katelyn, and Jhaveri, Ravi
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COMMUNICABLE diseases , *WAGES , *NURSE practitioners , *PEDIATRICS , *EMPLOYEE recruitment , *LABOR supply , *MEDICAL practice , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) are a rapidly growing segment of the pediatric infectious diseases workforce. APPs offer many advantages to divisions that are struggling to counter a smaller fellowship applicant pool and faculty workforce transitions as a result of the pandemic. Many divisions still have yet to incorporate APPs into their inpatient or outpatient teams. This review will discuss the diverse pool of APPs, summarize how APPs are currently being used in the field, discuss the financial considerations of hiring APPs, and highlight future needs for embracing APPs as critical members of the pediatric ID workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Prenatal Maternal Immunization for Infant Protection: A Review of the Vaccines Recommended, Infant Immunity and Future Research Directions.
- Author
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Quincer, Elizabeth M., Cranmer, Lisa M., and Kamidani, Satoshi
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INFANTS ,IMMUNIZATION ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,VACCINES ,VACCINE development ,IMMUNITY - Abstract
Prenatal maternal immunization is an effective tool to protect mothers and infants from poor health outcomes due to infectious diseases. We provide an overview of the rationale for the use of prenatal vaccines, discuss the immunologic environment of the maternal–fetal interface including the impact of maternal vaccines prenatally and subsequently on the infant's immune response, and review vaccines currently recommended in pregnancy and landscape for the future of maternal vaccination. This review aims to provide an understanding of the recent history and progress made in the field and highlight the importance of continued research and development into new vaccines for pregnant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Epidemiology of Endocrine Dysfunctions in Pediatric Patients with Previous Central Nervous System Infection: A Scoping Review of the Literature
- Author
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Giorgio Sodero, Clelia Cipolla, Laura Martino, Carolina Gentili, Claudia Rendeli, and Danilo Buonsenso
- Subjects
central nervous system infections ,pediatric endocrinology ,pediatric infectious diseases ,meningitis ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Purpose The incidence of endocrine sequelae following central nervous system (CNS) infections in pediatric age is not known. We conducted this scoping review to assess the incidence of endocrinological alterations in patients with prior CNS infections in pediatric age. Methods Our screening process included both randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. All types of observational studies, prospective and retrospective, have been included. Results Ten studies were included in our review. The cumulative number of patients in all of the studies was 211, the mean age of the population study was 4.9 (±5 years). The included papers described the following acute CNS infections: meningitis (nine studies reported eighty-five cases) and encephalitis (three studies described sixty-five cases). Two case reports and one retrospective study reported hypopituitarism as a consequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CNS infection. In five studies the patients developed endocrine comorbidities at the time of infection. Another study analyzed 49 young adults who previously had tuberculous meningitis at a mean age of 5.9 ± 5.0 years: seven patients had growth hormone deficiency, four of whom also had gonadotropin deficiency; the other three had gonadotropin deficiency, corticotropin deficiency, and mild hyperprolactinemia. Conclusion Standardized multidisciplinary follow-up and research of patients with prior CNS infection is crucial. Although pituitary reserve screening is not commonly performed in these patients, clinical and research centers should set up an endocrinological evaluation with monitoring of auxological parameters to detect the signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism early and to initiate the appropriate care in children with previous CNS infections.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Prenatal Maternal Immunization for Infant Protection: A Review of the Vaccines Recommended, Infant Immunity and Future Research Directions
- Author
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Elizabeth M. Quincer, Lisa M. Cranmer, and Satoshi Kamidani
- Subjects
maternal immunization ,maternal child health ,pediatric infectious diseases ,pregnancy ,immunology ,Medicine - Abstract
Prenatal maternal immunization is an effective tool to protect mothers and infants from poor health outcomes due to infectious diseases. We provide an overview of the rationale for the use of prenatal vaccines, discuss the immunologic environment of the maternal–fetal interface including the impact of maternal vaccines prenatally and subsequently on the infant’s immune response, and review vaccines currently recommended in pregnancy and landscape for the future of maternal vaccination. This review aims to provide an understanding of the recent history and progress made in the field and highlight the importance of continued research and development into new vaccines for pregnant populations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Current Landscape and Future Directions of Pediatric Transplant Infectious Diseases.
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Otto, William R, Green, Michael, and Danziger-Isakov, Lara
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COMMUNICABLE diseases , *HEMATOPOIETIC stem cell transplantation , *TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. , *PATIENTS , *IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE agents , *PEDIATRICS , *ANTI-infective agents , *ROUTINE diagnostic tests , *DRUG development , *FORECASTING , *CHILDREN - Abstract
As the field of pediatric transplant infectious diseases continues to grow, new challenges are constantly arising. Advances in immunosuppressive drugs, antimicrobial development, and novel diagnostic tests add new wrinkles to the care of pediatric transplant recipients. This progress in clinical care serves as a call to direct energy toward pediatric transplant infectious diseases research, to better understand how to use these interventions in pediatric practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Understanding the influence of the microbiome on childhood infections.
- Author
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Heston SM, Hurst JH, and Kelly MS
- Abstract
Introduction: The microbiome is known to have a substantial impact on human health and disease. However, the impacts of the microbiome on immune system development, susceptibility to infectious diseases, and vaccine-elicited immune responses are emerging areas of interest., Areas Covered: In this review, we provide an overview of development of the microbiome during childhood. We highlight available data suggesting that the microbiome is critical to maturation of the immune system and modifies susceptibility to a variety of infections during childhood and adolescence, including respiratory tract infections, Clostridioides difficile infection, and sexually transmitted infections. We discuss currently available and investigational therapeutics that have the potential to modify the microbiome to prevent or treat infections among children. Finally, we review the accumulating evidence that the gut microbiome influences vaccine-elicited immune responses among children., Expert Opinion: Recent advances in sequencing technologies have led to an explosion of studies associating the human microbiome with the risk and severity of infectious diseases. As our knowledge of the extent to which the microbiome influences childhood infections continues to grow, microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics will increasingly be incorporated into clinical practice to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases among children.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Studies from Washington University School of Medicine Provide New Data on Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Virus-Specific T Cells for the Treatment of Systemic Infections Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell and Solid Organ Transplantation).
- Subjects
COMMUNICABLE diseases ,T cells ,TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. ,INFECTION ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
A recent report from Washington University School of Medicine discusses the use of virus-specific T cells (VST) for the treatment of systemic infections in pediatric patients following allogeneic hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplantation. The report highlights the challenges of pharmacological treatment for viral infections and the potential of VST therapy to rapidly restore antiviral immunity. The article provides a practical guide to VST therapy, including manufacturing techniques, donor selection, and treatment indications. The report summarizes the safety and efficacy data of VSTs gathered from clinical trials over the past 30 years and discusses current challenges, limitations, and opportunities for further research and development. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
12. Research Results from Indiana University School of Medicine Update Knowledge of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Plasma Microbial Cell-Free DNA Sequencing for Pathogen Detection and Quantification in Children with Musculoskeletal Infections).
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CELL-free DNA ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,DNA sequencing ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms ,INFECTION - Abstract
A study conducted by researchers at Indiana University School of Medicine has found that plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) sequencing can be a useful tool for detecting and quantifying pathogens in children with musculoskeletal infections (MSKIs). The study found that mcfDNA sequencing was able to identify a pathogen in a higher percentage of cases compared to traditional culture methods. However, it should be noted that multiple pathogens were frequently detected, highlighting the need for careful interpretation of results. The researchers concluded that mcfDNA sequencing may be particularly beneficial if performed prior to surgery. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
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