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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and bone destruction. Because of systemic administration and poor targeting, traditional anti‐rheumatic drugs have unsatisfactory treatment efficacy and strong side effects, including myelosuppression, liver or kidney function damage, and malignant tumors. Consequently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)‐involved therapy is proposed for RA therapy as a benefit of their immunosuppressive and tissue‐repairing effects. This review summarizes the progress of MSCs‐involved RA therapy through suppressing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration and predicts their potential clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a theranostic probe for noninvasive bone imaging and bone disease therapy is both challenging and desirable. Herein, an ultrasmall Au nanocluster (NC, <2 nm)‐based theranostic probe is developed to achieve highly temporospatial in vivo bone‐targeted photoluminescence (PL) imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) and enhanced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy. The key design of the probe involves the surface phosphorylation of atomically precise NIR‐II emitting Au44 NCs. This phosphorylation enhances the bone‐targeting ability of the probe due to the highly concentrated phosphate groups, allowing the probe to realize in vivo bone‐targeted NIR‐II PL imaging. Moreover, benefiting from the enhanced bone‐targeting ability, ultrasmall hydrodynamic diameter, and excellent anti‐inflammation and immunomodulatory effects, the probe not only demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy for RA rats, effectively restoring the destructed cartilage to nearly normal but also exhibits good renal clearance and benign biocompatibility. These favorable attributes cannot be achieved by commercial methotrexate used for RA treatment. This study presents a new design paradigm for metal NC‐based theranostic probes, offering the potential for high‐resolution bone‐targeted PL imaging and improved RA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and bone destruction. Because of systemic administration and poor targeting, traditional anti‐rheumatic drugs have unsatisfactory treatment efficacy and strong side effects, including myelosuppression, liver or kidney function damage, and malignant tumors. Consequently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)‐involved therapy is proposed for RA therapy as a benefit of their immunosuppressive and tissue‐repairing effects. This review summarizes the progress of MSCs‐involved RA therapy through suppressing inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration and predicts their potential clinical application.

Abstract Designing a theranostic probe for noninvasive bone imaging and bone disease therapy is both challenging and desirable. Herein, an ultrasmall Au nanocluster (NC,