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[Objective] The increasingly complex international situations and frequent trade frictions have significantly intensified the supply risk of global industrial chains. The trade pattern evolution identifying and risk propagation modeling of global wind power industrial chains would provide essential implications for increasing the resilience of industrial chains and securing energy supplies. [Methods] This study depicted the spatial-temporal characteristics of major wind power industrial chains during 2000-2021 based on complex network analysis, revealed the resilience of the industrial networks by network resilience assessment, and tracked the impacts of supply risks from different countries (regions) based on cascading failure modeling. [Results] (1) The overall scale of global wind power industrial chains continued to expand with trade connections between countries (regions) intensifying, and the complexity and efficiency of industrial networks increased significantly. (2) China as a major exporter played an increasingly important role in the global wind power industrial chains, establishing intense trade relations with numerous countries (regions). (3) Supply risks originating from China may generate profound impacts on the tower and generator trade networks, while supply risks originating from the United States and Germany may generate profound impacts on the blade and gearbox trade networks, respectively. [Conclusion] Optimizing industrial layout, collaborating with emerging markets, and strengthening technological innovation are thus of great significance for systematically preventing potential risks within wind power industry chains worldwide.

This paper provides a political economy analysis of the bilateral trade relations and patterns of exchange that existed between Iran and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 1962 to 2021. The paper contributes to the growing literature on Iran–Africa relations by empirically delineating not just the changes, but also the continuities between Iran and its African trading partners before and after the Iranian Revolution. It also adds nuance to the broader scholarship on South–South cooperation by showing the disparity between the rhetoric of South–South solidarity and reciprocity between Iran and SSA, on one side, and their low and fluctuating trade volumes, on the other. These volumes resulted from historical inertia or path dependency and structural factors, including trade complementarities and geopolitical conditions, more than demographic, cultural, or religious realities. They were also shaped by the agency and decision-making of Iranian and African leaders and officials regarding the extent to economically engage with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows relative price competition based on comparative advantage leads to diversified production and complex trade patterns with complete specialization unlikely for many countries and goods. Focused on models with three and four countries and goods, the present analysis starts with the extreme countries in each relative price ranking trading those two goods. The terms of trade determine the directions of trade for middle countries in each ranking. The potential trade patterns prove realistic with multiple exports, nontraded goods, nontrading countries, separate trade groups, and two-way trade with exports and imports of the same good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the recovery and identification of oothecae of the oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis L.) from deposits associated with an Early Romano-British bakery oven from Roman Londinium (now modern-day London). The ecology, behaviour and past archaeological history of this species are presented. The implications of finding this species for our understanding of the movement and importation of stored products and other materials by the Roman Army and citizenry is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the driving force of modern economic development, the evolution of the global energy patterns during major emergencies deserves attention. This study aims to uncover changes in global energy patterns during the COVID-19 epicenter storm. The results reveal concentrated energy trade volume in a few flows, with high-income countries holding greater influence. Amid the epicenter storm, there was a contraction in global energy trade volume, and trading patterns underwent significant shifts: (1) the global natural gas trading center shifted from the Middle East to western Africa initially, then to the United States and Russia; (2) Brazil, a crucial crude oil exporter, saw a weakened position in global crude oil exports; and (3) in the coal trading network, Australia and Russia maintained their position as trading centers throughout the storm. Swift policy adaptation is crucial for resilience and stability amid evolving global energy patterns.

As the driving force of modern economic development, the evolution of the global energy patterns during major emergencies deserves attention. This study aims to uncover changes in global energy patterns during the COVID-19 epicenter storm. The results reveal concentrated energy trade volume in a few flows, with high-income countries holding greater influence. Amid the epicenter storm, there was a contraction in global energy trade volume, and trading patterns underwent significant shifts: (1) the global natural gas trading center shifted from the Middle East to western Africa initially, then to the United States and Russia; (2) Brazil, a crucial crude oil exporter, saw a weakened position in global crude oil exports; and (3) in the coal trading network, Australia and Russia maintained their position as trading centers throughout the storm. Swift policy adaptation is crucial for resilience and stability amid evolving global energy patterns. • We focused on the energy trade patterns during the COVID-19 epicenter storm. • This study uses complex network analysis and monthly energy trade data. • Global trade volume of energy experienced a contraction during the epicenter storm. • Natural gas trading centers shifted from the Middle East to western Africa and then turned to the United States and Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]