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Рассматривается взаимосвязь понятий «образовательные общности», «нелинейная динамика», «мегаполис». Характеризуются основные методологические подходы к исследованию этой взаимосвязи. Доказывается, что образовательные общности являются центральным элементом системы образования. Показывается существо нелинейной динамики этих общностей, выявляются ее виды. Методологические подходы раскрываются через их основные принципы., The article examines the relationship between the concepts of «educational community», «nonlinear dynamic», and «megalopolis». The author describes the basic methodological approaches to the study of this relationship. It is proved, that the educational communities shape the core of the education system. The essence of nonlinear dynamic of these communities is shown. Methodological approaches are revealed through their basic principles.

The article discusses major works on economic history published by Urals scholars over the past few decades and outlines the main stages of their research development. The analysis of these works leads to the theoretical conclusion that there has been a recent upsurge in the scholarly interest in economic history. This trend is related to the multimethodological approach gaining popularity among these scholars and the two disciplines, economics and history, drawing closer together. There is a popular belief that history can prove useful to any economist as a storage of economic facts tested by life itself and as a collection of various economic experiments. History, however, is also very important as a source of economic ideas. Thus, there is a process of genuine ‘cross-disciplinary communication’, which manifests itself in economists and historians’ exchanging theories developed within the framework of their disciplines. In its modern stage, the economic history of the Urals focuses on the problems which were not previously covered by historical studies for a number of objective reasons: some sources were classified and unavailable due to security control; and some topics were considered inappropriate to raise in studies of national history. Historians have now turned to such questions as the creation and development of industry-specific territorial production complexes, which used to be predominantly studied by economists. Nowadays, economic history discovers new topics for research, expands its database of sources, applies diverse methodology, and uses conceptual approaches and methods developed both by Russian and foreign economists.

The economic assessment of renewable natural resources remains a relevant and as yet unresolved problem. Today, the economic assessment of natural resources is viewed as one of the priority tasks in the state strategy for environmental management. To a large extent, such economic assessment has become relevant following the development of market relations in Russia that require the valuation of natural resource potential. In Russia, the state cadastral appraisal of natural resources, which is already continuing for a second decade, serves as the basis to calculate the land tax for individual categories of land and does not allow making a comprehensive assessment of natural resource potential. This article expands the concept of economic assessment, describes the practice of its implementation in northern regions. It examines the traditional methodological approaches to economic assessment that are used today, such as the cost approach and its modi cations, rental income approach, market approach, alternative approach, as well as the methodological approaches based on the results of sociological studies, which have become more widespread recently. The recommendations put forward by the authors with regard to the economic assessment provide for consistency in its implementation based on a results-driven approach that ensures the comparability of calculations and improves the reliability of obtained results. The methodological approaches proposed for assessing the land, forest, hunting, fishery and biological resources of wild plants allow considering the specific characteristics of northern territories and implementing a comprehensive economic assessment of the region’s natural resource potential. The authors consider the expediency of calculating the unit value index of natural resource potential in order to rank the areas within the subject of the Russian Federation in proportion to the investment in the projects aimed at developing the natural resources. The method

В статье доказывается необходимость применения при проведении теоретического и эмпирического исследования не одного-двух, а целого ряда методологических подходов — как предметных (дисциплинарных), так и межпредметных (междисциплинарных). Особое внимание уделено использованию в последние годы в социально-гуманитарных исследованиях естественно-научных подходов — при условии их методологической целесообразности., The article proves the need to use such approaches as methodological and disciplinary ones referring to the theoretical and empirical studies. Particular attention is paid to the use of scientific approaches in recent years in social and humanitarian studies if they are applicable from the methodological point of view.