Search

The distribution of indoor airflow velocity by cross ventilation is influenced by the regional climate conditions, and the location as well as the shape of the building. In this study, CVDHI_B, CVDHI_P and CVDHI_T of Cross Ventilation Degree Hours of Inside Area (CVDHI) are proposed. The CVDHI values of 2 cases to change the number and position of openings at 2 cities (Tokyo and Niigata) in Japan are calculated for the AIJ detached house model.The results are as follows; (1) The ratio of averaged CVDHI_P and CVDHI_B values is about 1:20 in Tokyo and Niigata. (2) The CVDHI values increases when an opening is placed on an opposite wall in a straight line, and placed at the corner of the room.

This study carries out a field measurement survey and CFD calculation about the heat loss of a house when heated by the floor heating and the air conditioning were analyzed in detail. The energy consumption in the actual condition of both the floor heating and the air conditioning is clarified. The results of the measurement are as follows: (1) In this investigation, the heat load of the floor heating is 421[MJ/day}, the heat load of the air-conditioning is 405[MJ/day]. (2) CFD calculation results that SET* is about 22[℃], heat loss of a floor heating is more than air-conditioning. (3) Wall surface temperature of the floor heating becomes relatively high, the heat losses from a wall become large. (4) Room air temperature of floor heating is lower than air-conditioning, the heat load of ventilation is smaller than floor heating.

厨房を含む一室でIHレンジ、ガスレンジを使用した際のフード排気風量とエアコン運転の有無によって生じる汚染質の室内への拡散伏況及び室壁面への付着状況を検討することを目的とする。調理レンジの使用により発生する汚染質は室全体の空気環境に影響を与える。発生した汚染質はIHレンジ使用時には壁面に、ガスレンジ使用時には天井面に付着する傾向がある。汚染質の拡散を防止するにはフードの排気風量を増やすことが有効であるが、より効果的に汚染質の捕集を行うには調理レンジ、エアコン、換気口の適切な配置を行うが必要である。

本研究では、集合住宅を対象に、従来マクロ解析(回路網計算)により検討されてきた換気方式や給排気口位置の違いによる居室の室内温熱環境や換気効率を、CFD解析を用いたミクロ解析で明らかにする。さらに温風暖房時と床暖房時の相違を明らかにすることを目的とする。床暖房時は、温風暖房時と比較して温熱環境は良好である。局所空気交換効率(ε_p)は、換気方式と給排気口の位置に影響するが、空調方式による差は見られない。

自然通風の利用は省エネルギーに有効であるが、集合住宅を対象とした通風性能に関する研究は数が少ないのが現状である。本報では既報で提案した通風デグリアワーを用いて、集合住宅を対象に、開口条件、断熱材の有無を変化させ、CVDHI_B、CVDHI_P、CVDHI_Tをそれぞれ算出し、集合住宅における通風性能を明らかにすることを目的とする.集合住宅のCVDHI_Tは妻側住戸及び最上階で大きくなり、更に断熱性能に影響を受ける.北部の都市に比べ南部の都市で、また累積風速が大きくなる都市でCVDHI_Tが大きくなることが明らかになった.

IHレンジ、ガスレンジ使用時の高温部を再現したモデルを用いて、フードの排気風量を変化させた場合の各レンジにおける熱上昇流の再現及び廃気捕集率の算出を行う。70〜80%の廃気捕集率を得るための排気風量はガスレンジよりもIHレンジの方が少なく、廃気捕集率は排気風量300[m^3/h]で、各レンジ共に約90%となる。これは実測結果と同じ傾向を示し、各レンジ上の熱上昇流が比較的精度よく再現できた。鍋で発生した汚染質はIHレンジでは上昇する際壁面に付着していく傾向があり、ガスレンジではレンジ周辺の空気中へ拡散していく傾向がある。

本研究では、喫煙、非喫煙スペースが共存する評価空間としてレストランを対象とし、給排気口、喫煙席、椅子やデーブル等障害物の相対位置によるタバコ煙の拡散状況を明らかにし、粉塵濃度と臭気強度を用いた室内空気環境の評価を行うことを目的とする。喫煙席を密集させ、排気量の大きい排気口を専用に設けた場合に室内の粉塵濃度は最も低下する。しかし、粉塵の室内環境基準を満足していても、臭気に関しては良好な室内環境基準であるとは必ずしも言えない。

本報では、実使用時のエアコンのCOPを推定するためのCOPマトリックスを作成し、住宅のシェルター性能に対応した最適なエアコンの選定方法について検討することを目的とする。実使用時におけるエアコンの特性は使用方法や、機種によって大きく異なる。設置する部屋の暖房負荷に対して過剰な能力のエアコンを設置すると、エアコンのON-OFF運転する時間が長くなり、暖房期間COPは低下する傾向がある。エアコンを選定する際には、定格出力時のCOPや部屋の大きさだけでなく断熱性能や地域の気象条件を考慮し、エアコンが最も効率の高い運転状態を維持できるように機種の選定、設置を行う必要がある。

本報では、住宅における電力消費量と給湯負荷の実測調査結果を元に、ガスエンジンによるコジェネレーションシステムの有効性について報告する。給湯用エネルギー消費量、電力消費量が同程度であっても、電力消費量が1kWを越える時間の割合が多い住宅で排熱給湯量の割合や発電量が多くなる。ガスエンジンを使用すると、給湯エネルギーだけでなく冬季に暖房エネルギーもまかなえる住宅もある。ガスエンジンを導入した場合、冬季に熱が余る日が多くみられる。

本報では、家庭用のIHレンジとガスレンジを対象とし、横風による擾乱がIHレンジとガスレンジの廃気捕集率に与える影響を比較し、IHレンジとガスレンジの特性の違いを明らかにした。擾乱を与えた場合、排気風量が200m^3/hにおける廃気捕集率は、フード下端高さ800mm、600mmともに、風速が遅い場合はIHレンジで高く、風速が速<なるにつれてガスレンジが高くなる。

本報では、一般家庭で用いられるIHレンジとガスレンジを対象として、詳細な油の飛散状況の違いを明らかにした。IHレンジ、ガスレンジ共に、レンジ上に飛散する割合が高く、次いで、床に飛散する割合が高い。相対的にIHレンジの方がガスレンジに比較して、レンジ上に飛散する油滴の割合が高い。

本報では、家庭用のIHレンジとガスレンジを対象とし、人体模擬動作による擾乱が廃気捕集率に与える影響を比較し、IHレンジとガスレンジの特性の違いを明らかにした。擾乱を与えた場合、排気風量が増加すると排気捕集率は良くなる。又、パネルの動作速度が速くなると捕集率は低下し、パネルの大きさは捕集率に大きな影響を与えない。

This paper describes the energy consumption of heating and cooling of the houses in Niigata district. The data used in this paper were measured continuously from November 2002 to March 2004. The results are as follows. (1) Compared with energy consumption of heating in 2003 and 2004, heating energy consumption in 2003 is larger than 2004, because it was a mild winter in 2004. Cooling energy consumption in 2003 when was a cool summer, was less than energy consumption in 2004. (2) The amount of energy consumption except of heating, cooling and hot-water supply in 2003 is almost the same as 2004. (3) A change of the amount of total energy consumption in 2003 and 2004 is based on the heating and cooling energy. (4) The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature difference and the amount of energy consumption would be same if the air-conditioning operation conditions are comparable for both 2003 and 2004.

本研究では、2005年1月と2月に居住状態における住宅を対象としてエネルギーの消費量(暖房出力)の詳細な実測調査を行い、床暖房と温風暖房によるエネルギー消費の実態を明らかにすることを目的とする。1日あたりの暖房出力は床暖房が404.8MJ/日、温風暖房時が421.3MJ/日である。室内外温度差1℃あたりの暖房出力は、床暖房が1.047MJ/℃、温風暖房時が0.956MJ/℃で床暖房のほうが約5%多い。

本研究では、数値流体解析(CFD)により、放射暖房時および温風暖房時の、居室の壁・床・天井・窓を通過する熱の収支を解析し、放射暖房および温風暖房両者の熱損失の状況を明らかにすることを目的とする。床暖房は温風暖房と比較して壁面温度が高いため熱貫流による損失熱量が多く、室温が低いため温風暖房と比較して隙間風による損失熱量は少ない。次世代エネルギー基準を満たした住宅モデルにおいて、床暖房は温風暖房と比較して損失熱量合計が約5%多く、熱効率が悪い。

本研究では、暖冷房時の換気方式による居室の室内温熱環境の良し悪しや、換気方式によって変化する換気効率を明らかにし、住宅設計者が良好な換気システムの選定を行う為の資料を整備することを目的とする。エアコン運転時の室内呼吸域局所空気交換効率(Ve)は、1.0程度の値となり、外気は室内で完全拡散しているのに対し、エアコン停止時はVeに大きな分布が生じる。また、給気口と排気口が近接しているほど、換気効率の悪い領域が増加する。

The purpose of paper is to develop the simplified measurement technique of the coefficient of performance (COP) for the household air-conditioner. Furthermore, using the developed COP measurement technique, we measured COP of air-conditioner in five residences. We compared the result of a simple measuring method and a detailed measuring method, and the simple measuring method checked validity.

The Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) investigated the energy consumption in the residence of Japan from 2001 in 2004. This report is outline of the measurement technique of energy consumption for a residence which was developed in the committee by this subject. By using this measuring technique, it is possible to evaluate the demand of the energy consumption in a residence.

The purpose of this research is performing the survey of an indoor thermal environment, Shelter performance, lifestyle, the amount of energy consumption in Detached Houses of Niigata Prefecture.This paper reports the result of a questionnaire and a survey as part 1. The outline of the results are as follows. 1.The living rooms temperature in summer season are in the range of 24-31 degrees in almost all Detached Houses. And the temperature of living room is higher than the outdoor temperature about 1-3 degrees.It is not concerned with an outer temperature but, as for living room temperature, many detached houses are in the range of 16-24 degrees in winter. 2.Coefficient of heat loss of detached houses which fulfills the standard of new energy saving of Niigata prefecture is about 40% in the whole. 3.The vertical temperature difference of living room in winter season is small in the detached houses which have high of airtightness performance and shelter performance, and is small in the Detached Houses which is installed floor heater.

In Niigata City, a climate of the winter is characterized by very strong wind and a lot of snow. There is a possibility of a wind environment induced discomfort even with a low rise building in this area. It is difficult to use the current criteria in such cases because of the difference in consciousness of a resident and the frequency of the wind speed. Therefore, it is very important that new criteria which can be adapted the climate at a northwest area of Japan. The purpose of this study is to develope the new criteria for Niigata City by the wind tunnel experiment, the field survey and the questionnaire. The results are as follows, (1) By the questionnaire survey of the wind strength, the conscious of the wind strength will be begun when to put up an umbrella is difficulty, and discomfort break out when a walk is a difficulty. (2) The criteria of the wind environment in Niigata area is laxer than the acceptable frequency of Murakami's criteria. As for this criteria, the acceptable days per annum that is the maximum gust wind speed exceeds lOm/s per a day of the 1.5m height is 102 days, and 15m/s is 21 days, over 20m/s is 4 days.

The full-scale experiment was carried out to know advantage of a highly efficient ventilation and air-conditioning system we proposed. In this system, the fresh air is directly supplied to the breathing zone by using the ventilation tower (VTS: the ventilation tower system), considering the efficient distribution of fresh air in a room. The comparison and the examination were carried out on different ventilation and air-conditioning systems. (1) The age of air at the breathing point (5cm ahead from the mouth of occupant, 0.6m from the outlet of the ventilation tower) of VTS is about 60% shorter than that of the ventilation system of mixing the fresh air with the return air from the room in the air-handling unit (MS: the mixing system). (2) The age of air at the breathing point, around the occupant and in the room space does not change significantly, even if the supplement of fresh air from the ventilation tower is reduced from about 30 (m^3/h・person) to about 20 (m^3/h・person). (3) The concentration of the contaminant at the breathing point of VTS is about 70% smaller than that of MS.

The investigation for indoor thermal environment and energy consumption in air-tight house was carried out. The results are as follows, (1) The thermal environment in summer and winter season, the temperature of the living room is varied from 20℃ to 28℃. (2) In summer, electric energy consumption of the air conditioner and the hot water is about 30% respectively, the refrigerator is about 11%, lighting is about 3%, the mechanical ventilation is about 7% and the electromagnetic cooking heater is about 4%. (3) In winter, electric energy consumption of the floor heating is about 44%, the hot water is about 23%, the lighting and the electromagnetic cooking heater is 1% respectively, the refrigerator is about 3% and the mechanical ventilation is 2%.

1. The purpose of this research is to make the map of solar power generation of the whole country to examine the validity of each region in Japan. Then this research calculated effects on an economical and environmental evaluation when solar power generation was introduced in detached houses. 2. By using the system of solar power generation effectively, investigation of the actual condition of the energy consumption and of the actual measurement of electric energy consumption are carried out. The effect of solar power generation are examined by comparing it with the electric energy consumption that was consumed in detached houses. 3.The effects on an economy and environmental evaluation are examined by introducing the detached houses in seven prefectures in Touhoku area of Japan. Finally the validity of the system of solar power generation are examined.

This paper describes the experimental study of ventilation efficiency for commercial kitchens. We investigated an air conditioning and ventilation system which has high efficiency and can maintain a comfortable environment in the working space with a minimum amount of necessary ventilation air. The results are as follows: (1) In the case of outdoor air being supplied from the bottom of the hood, 60-70% of the outdoor air is exhausted by the hood. (2) Airflow distribution above the gas range is comparatively stable in summer and intermediate seasons, updraft above the gas range goes straight to the exhaust hood when outdoor air is supplied from the top of the gas range. In winter, updraft above the gas range is strongly effected by the outdoor air from the hood, and there is dispersion in the updraft direction. (3) The capture ratio of the combustion gas by the exhaust hood is over 80% in summer and intermediate seasons. The capture ratio becomes higher when the output heat from the gas range is larger.