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Limited treated options to Salmonellosis exist due to the emergence of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs). This study determined the prevalence of common ESBL genes (blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA) and profiled their antimicrobial resistance drug pattern. A descriptive cross-sectional study that involved 16 Salmonella enterica isolates from diarrhoeic children at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and 39 isolates from healthy birds in poultry farms within the Calabar metropolis. Standard disc diffusion method determined antimicrobial susceptibility while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using specific primers identified the beta-lactamase genes. All 55 isolates phenotypically demonstrated ESBL production. All 55 salmonella isolates were resistant to Cefotaxime and Nalixidic acid. All the clinical isolates were susceptible Ciprofloxacin and Norflaxacin. The poultry isolates however exhibited varied degrees of resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Norflaxacin. All 55 Salmonella isolates carried the blaSHV genes, blaCTX-M gene (94.5%) blaOXA gene (18.2%). Molecular characterization identified the blaSHV gene as the most prominent. This study provides relevant data that would help in the implementation of policies regarding the use of antimicrobial agents in clinical and veterinary settings as well provide antimicrobial treatment guidelines that would strengthen infection control processes. Key words: Salmonella enterica, Antimicrobial-resistance, ESBL-genes, Poultry-sources.

This study investigated the co-carriage of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing lactose non-fermenting (LNF) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry birds. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between September, 2016 and March, 2017. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. ESBL screening disc kit was used to detect ESBL activities. Detection of ESBL and PMQR genes was carried out by means of polymerase chain reaction. In total, 207 LNF Enterobacteriaeae isolates were recovered from the cloacal swabs of poultry birds within the Calabar Metropolis. ESBL-producing isolates were 162 (78.3%) while fluroquinolone resistant isolates were 194 (93.7%). Among the ESBL-producing isolates, resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Nalidixic acid was 55 (34.2%), 26 (16.1%), 35 (21.7%), 50 (31.1%), and 162 (100%), respectively. About 65% of the quinolone resistant isolates were positive for at least one of the PMQR and ESBL genes in this study. Strict antimicrobial screening, surveillance of resistant isolates as well as the judicious practice of antimicrobial administration in the poultry setting with special emphasis on fluoroquinolones is advised given the high prevalence of co-existent ESBL and PMQR genes. Key words: LNF enterobacteriaeae, Extended spectrum beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance