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In this research, a self-healing nano-coating with excellent photo-thermal response to near-infrared (NIR) laser is prepared. This coating incorporates silver sulfide anchored bismuth molybdate (Ag 2 S@Bi 2 MoO 6 ) into a shape memory epoxy resin to achieve for a good photo-thermal conversion capability. The Ag 2 S@Bi 2 MoO 6 p-n heterojunction could photo-generate more electron-holes pairs under the NIR laser irradiation. Also, it shows a wider absorption range of visible light, leading to effectively absorb the light energy, generate enough heat to induce the shape memory recovery in the coating, and seal the scratch. The results indicate that the temperature of EP-1 % Ag 2 S@Bi 2 MoO 6 coating has reached about 88 °C, while good self-healing and anti-corrosion properties with a self-healing rate of 88.41 % have been achieved. Furthermore, calculations based on Density Functional Theory and Finite Element Method pointed out that the formation of p-n heterojunction effectively has enhanced the photo-thermal effect. This research opens a new way for developing self-healing coatings with an ultra-fast response time and high self-healing efficiency., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The Z-scheme heterojunction has demonstrated significant potential for promoting photogenerated carrier separation. However, the rational design of all-solid Z-scheme heterojunctions catalysts and the controversies about carrier transfer path of direct Z-scheme heterojunctions catalysts face various challenges. Herein, a novel heterojunction, Cu 2 O@V-CN (octa), was fabricated using V-CN (carbon nitride with nitrogen-rich vacancies) in-situ electrostatic self-wrapping Cu 2 O octahedra. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the separation of carriers across the Cu 2 O@V-CN (octa) heterointerface was directly mapped to the Z-scheme mechanism compared to Cu 2 O/V-CN (sphere). This is because the Cu 2 O octahedra expose more highly active (111) lattice planes with more terminal Cu atoms and V-CN with abundant nitrogen vacancies to form delocalized electronic structures like electronic reservoirs. This facilitates the wrapping of Cu 2 O octahedra by V-CN and protects their stability via tighter interfacial contact, thus enhancing the tunneling of carriers for rapid photocatalytic sterilization. These findings provide novel approaches for designing high-efficiency Cu 2 O-based photocatalytic antifoulants for practical applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

This work successfully synthesized the salicylic acid@polyurea-formaldehyde (SA@PUF) microcapsules with PUF microcapsules as shell material and SA as core material. The loading content of SA in the PUF microcapsules was approximately 40 %. The SA@PUF microcapsules had excellent long-term antibacterial properties because the PUF microcapsules controlled the release of SA antifouling agents with the ability to induce reactive oxygen species generation and inactivate bacteria. The antibacterial efficiency of SA@PUF microcapsules after 35 days against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa remained at 80 % and 81 %, increased by 60 % and 62 % compared with pure SA, respectively. The impedance modulus at 0.01 Hz of the SA@PUF coating reached 5.51 GΩ cm 2 , much higher than blank coating (2.55 GΩ cm 2 ) and PUF coating (4.94 GΩ cm 2 ), indicating that the anti-corrosion property of the SA@PUF coating was much better. This work would contribute to developing novel coatings with long-term antibacterial activity and excellent anti-corrosion performance., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

As an influential antifouling material, photocatalytic materials have drawn attention increasingly over recent years owing to their potential bacteriostatic property in the domain of marine antifouling. Herein, a flower-like BiOI@CeO 2 @Ti 3 C 2 S-scheme photocatalyst was contrived and prepared by hydrothermal method. The innovative combination of Ti 3 C 2 and narrow band gap semiconductor BiOI was implemented to modify CeO 2 and the photocatalytic bacteriostatic mechanism of BiOI@CeO 2 @Ti 3 C 2 was elucidated. Schottky junction was formed between CeO 2 and Ti 3 C 2 , and a p-n junction was formed between CeO 2 and BiOI. By photoelectrochemical characterization, BCT-10 exhibits the best photoelectrochemical performance of which photogenerated carrier transport can be performed more readily at 10 % CeO 2 @Ti 3 C 2 addition. 99.76 % and 99.89 % of photocatalytic bacteriostatic efficiency of BCT-10 against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were implemented respectively, which were 2.98 and 3.07 times higher than that of pure CeO 2 . The ternary heterojunction can suppress photogenerated electron-hole complexes more effectively and enhance the photocatalytic bacteriostatic effect of CeO 2 , which also provided a new concept to the further broadened application of CeO 2 in the marine bacteriostatic and antifouling field., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Diseases caused by bacterial infection are becoming a major threat to human health. Therefore, developing efficient antibacterial materials is of great significance in improving medical care and protecting people's health. In this work, an accordion-like structural Ti 3 C 2 @CuS was synthesized by copper sulfide (CuS) nanospheres anchored firmly on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x via the hydrothermal method. The multilayer Ti 3 C 2 @CuS becomes few-layered nanosheets after ultrasonic treatment, which have an enjoyable dispersion in the polyurethane (PU) matrix. PU and the released Cu 2+ from Ti 3 C 2 @CuS are firmly linked by a coordination bond, which improves the mechanical properties and thermal stability of Ti 3 C 2 @CuS-PU and reduces the heavy metal ion pollution by blocking the Cu 2+ released by forming coordination bonds. Moreover, Ti 3 C 2 @CuS-PU exhibits an excellent self-healing performance after 30 tensile cycles. Additionally, Ti 3 C 2 T x and CuS could improve the separation efficiency of the electron-hole pairs of CuS to produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill bacteria. Ti 3 C 2 @CuS-PU maintains a highly long-term sterilization ability of more than 90 % in 30 days because of the synergistic effect of the sustained release of copper ions, the elevated ROS production ability, and the excellent dispersion of Ti 3 C 2 @CuS in PU. This work demonstrates a simple and promising route for designing multifunctional antibacterial self-healing materials., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Heterogeneous catalysis composed of plasmonic metal and semiconductor has been utilized to tune local surface electron density in MOA (Molecular oxygen activation). However, there is a severe antagonistic effect between Schottky junction carriers and SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) induced hot carriers transfer routers when metal and semiconductor are both excited to dramatically reduce carriers separation efficiency. Hence, a highly effective photocatalytic antifoulant obtained by V-CN (carbon nitride with nitrogen vacancies) in-situ loading Cu 2 O and Ag nanoparticles (Cu 2 O/Ag/V-CN) was introduced to promote MOA to assist the metal ions sterilization. The DFT calculations (Density Functional Theory) and FEM calculations (Finite Element Method) intuitively proved the photocatalytic antifoulant belonged to a ternary Z-scheme heterojunction and could visibly weaken the antagonistic effect of hot carriers and Schottky carriers transport routes. The delocalized electron structure caused by V-CN and the effective electron mediator of Ag were the key to the formation of Z-scheme interfacial heterojunctions. These conclusions were also supported by experimental data, like more ∙O 2 - production capacity, efficient carriers separation, and higher carriers lifetime (27% higher than Cu 2 O and Cu 2 O/V-CN) as well as the weakened Cu 2 O photocorrosion tendency (Cu 2 O turning into CuO). Additionally, except for increasing nearly-three times adsorption energy of O 2 for rapid activation, Cu 2 O/Ag/V-CN with abundant nitrogen vacancies can more significantly slow metal ions release (less about 97% to pure Cu 2 O and at least 22% higher than reported systems), which can observably save the amount of catalyst and heavy metals content. Therefore, Cu 2 O/Ag/V-CN has great potential for practical antifouling applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:, (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

High-speed, low-cost and long-term water disinfection method is important for us to away from waterborne diseases. Nanowires-modified electrodes can inactivate microorganisms under low energy consumption. However, small processing capacity remains a major obstacle for practical application. In this study, we coated N-doped carbon layer on Cu 2 O NWs to improve the conductivity and stability for electrodes. Compared with Cu 2 O, the work functions of Cu 2 O-PANI structures is 3.623 eV, indicating the electrodes can prevent the recombination of electron-hole pairs and improve the carrier transport efficiency. In addition, Mulliken charge density showed that Cu 2 O-PANI structure reduce the oxidation trend of Cu atom and improve the stability of electrodes. Besides, the Cu 2 O NWs@NC electrodes showed excellent disinfection performance for E. coli and S. aureus, which can achieve 99.9% sterilizing rate under high flux (1200 mL min -1 ). Under this condition, the electrodes can continuously treat 576 L wastewater, which is about 10-folds handling capacity than others. Moreover, the bactericidal mechanism is synergistic of electroporation and reactive oxygen species, and the main ROS were electrons, OH and O 2 - . Therefore, this electrodes has a great prospect for rapid and stable water treatment system., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

At present, in order to solve the problem of microwave radiation and interference, it is urgent to study high performance microwave absorption (MA) materials with strong absorption ability, light weight, thin thickness and broad bandwidth. In this work, CoFe@nitrogen-doped carbon/rGO (CoFe@NC/rGO) composites derived from CoFe Prussian blue analogues were successfully prepared by in situ growth and annealing. And the effects of GO content on the MA performances of the composites were studied systematically. Results reveal that MA properties of CoFe@NC/rGO composites are enhanced by introduction of GO, this is mainly because the addition of GO can provide large specific surface area for microwave reflection, enhance interfacial polarization and compensate the insufficient dielectric loss. Moreover, impedance matching, conduction loss and attenuation ability are also improved obviously. CoFe@NC/rGO composites show outstanding MA capability, and the minimum reflection loss is up to -53.0 dB at a thickness of 2.4 mm, the largest effective absorption bandwidth can achieve 4.48 GHz at a thin thickness of 1.7 mm. In consideration of the superior MA performances, the CoFe@NC/rGO composites will be ideal candidates for high-efficient MA applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

It is a major challenge to combine the advantages of two kinds of two-dimensional materials to construct a heterojunction and achieve efficient photocatalytic antifouling. In this work, we covalently connected two materials MXenes and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) through the Schiff base reaction and anchored Ag nanoparticles (NPs) to prepare a Ti 3 C 2 /TpPa-1/Ag composite material with high efficiency bactericidal properties. The covalent bonding between MXene and COF greatly improved the stability of the material. Ti 3 C 2 /TpPa-1/Ag composite showed an excellent antibacterial property against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The fluorescence spectra of Ti 3 C 2 /TpPa-1/Ag proved that the electron transfer channels formed between the ternary materials could greatly improve the efficiency of carrier separation and prolong the life of photogenerated carriers. Density functional theory calculations showed that the synergistic catalytic effect of Ag and Ti 3 C 2 could greatly reduce the work function along the interface, and the built-in electric field between the layers drive carrier fast migration, which effectively improve the catalytic performance., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Graphene oxide (GO) can enhance the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating, but there are problems such as poor filler dispersion and mechanical damage that will reduce the coating corrosion resistance. To resolve these problems, here, we used a facile and green liquid-phase synthetic strategy to grow covalent organic framework (COF) on GO sheets with 1,3,5-Triformylphloroglucinol and p-phenylenediamine as monomers for the COF synthesis. The COF could not only improve the compatibility of GO with epoxy coating, but also act as a nanocontainer for loading corrosion inhibitors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the low-frequency impedance of GO/COF-2% coating immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 60 days was 8.58 × 10 8 Ω cm 2 . This was one order of magnitude higher than that of GO-2%, showing excellent corrosion resistance. Then, corrosion inhibitor of benzotriazole (BTA) was loaded into GO/COF, where the adsorption and release of BTA was controlled by environmental pH values. Results proved that the GO/COF@BTA-2% reinforced epoxy coating had superior corrosion resistance as well as self-healing ability because of the good compatibility, greater crosslinking density and controllable release of BTA., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Harmful bacterial flourish with the increase in environmental pollution and pose a great threat to human health. Thus, developing new and efficient antibacterial materials is imperative to reduce the pollution caused by traditional sterilization materials and improve sterilization efficiency. In this study, a new photocatalytic antibacterial material was developed to achieve an efficient antibacterial effect. Ti 3 C 2 T x @CuS composites were synthesized by simple hydrothermal method, by which copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x to sharply improve the photocatalytic its antibacterial ability. Ti 3 C 2 T x @CuS exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with bactericidal rates of 99.6% and 99.1%, respectively. Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), decay time PL, photocurrent test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and finite element method showed that the formation of Ti 3 C 2 T x @CuS heterojunction promoted the separation of electrons and holes, improved the electron transport efficiency, and elevated the generation of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, Ti 3 C 2 T x @CuS has a stronger photothermal effect and causes more heat release than CuS to improve antibacterial performance. The Ti 3 C 2 T x @CuS heterojunction has a broad application prospect in the disinfection and antibacterial fields., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Marine biological fouling has always been a hot research topic. In this study, silver @ cuprous oxide (Ag@Cu 2 O) core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized via in-situ synthesis method and developed an outstanding antibacterial activity. The bacteriostasis efficiency of Ag@Cu 2 O reached to 99% and 98% against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Ag@Cu 2 O decreased from 113.6 μg/mL to 56.8 μg/mL compared with Cu 2 O. Ag@Cu 2 O had better antibacterial activity than Cu 2 O with lower content of Cu 2 O and was more environment friendly. The heterostructure formed at the interface between Ag and Cu 2 O promoted the separation and diffusion of photogenerated electron-hole pairs through the charge transfer channel and promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species. The outstanding antibacterial activity of Ag@Cu 2 O was strongly depended on the generation of the reactive oxygen species. Density functional theory and finite element method calculations demonstrated that the structure of core-shell improved photocatalytic efficiency. Additionally, synergetic effect of released Ag + and Cu 2+ also enhanced the bacteriostasis rate and the long-term antifouling performance in 60 days. Hence, the synthesized core-shell Ag@Cu 2 O can be applied as novel antifoulants in the marine field., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A three-dimensional hollow NiCo 2 O 4 structure was successfully prepared with a precipitation-hydrothermal method. A balance between magnetic and dielectric losses was achieved by using a hollow NiCo 2 O 4 structure loaded with benzotriazole (BTA), and thus the performance of electromagnetic waves was attenuated. The minimum reflection loss value of BTA@NiCo 2 O 4 at 16.01 GHz was -35.39 dB when the absorber thickness was 2 mm, at which the absorption bandwidth for an RL of less than -10 dB is as high as 4.64 GHz. The absorption mechanism was characterized by the synergy among interfacial polarization, multiple reflection, and dipole polarization enhancement between NiCo 2 O 4 and BTA. Interestingly, the epoxy/BTA@NiCo 2 O 4 coating not only exhibited an outstanding microwave absorption (MA) performance but also has excellent anticorrosion and self-healing properties, as shown by the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. This work would be very helpful to the development of novel coatings with excellent MA performance and anticorrosion and self-healing properties., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that they do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Controlling the composition and microstructure of nanomaterials is still a significant challenge in developing high-performance microwave absorption (MA) materials. Herein, metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived hollow CoFe@C nanoboxes are designed and prepared through the facile regulating the mass ratios of ZIF-67/PFC and a thermal annealing treatment. The CoFe@C composite can achieve an excellent MA performance, which have two high reflection loss (RL) values at different thickness. A RL value of -31.0 dB is obtained at 11.84 GHz with a matching thickness of 2.4 mm, and a RL value can reach -44.1 dB (4.08 GHz) at a matching thickness of 5.8 mm, and a correspondingly wide absorbing bandwidth (5.20 GHz, from 9.7 to 14.9 GHz) is simultaneously obtained at a matching thickness of 2.3 mm. The magnetic loss, interfacial polarization and hollow structure are the main reasons for their excellent MA capability. This work provides a research idea for the development of the efficient MOF-based MA materials in practical application., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Hybrid Cuprous oxide-silver (Cu 2 O-Ag) have attracted tremendous attention due to their various applications in photocatalysis, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and optical features. Here we expanded the application to exhibit excellent chemical stability and synergistic bactericidal. We prepared Cu 2 O-Ag heterostructure through thermally decomposing Ag-acetate to deposit Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto Cu 2 O surface. Cu 2 O-Ag heterostructure bears exceptional stability while exposing to oxygen, water, and light, owing to the physical coating of Ag NPs and transferring the electrons and holes inside the Cu 2 O to the surface through a Schottky barrier to prevent photocorrosion. The deposition of Ag NPs also improved the intensity and time of oxidative stress reaction of Cu 2 O, proved by reactive oxygen species (ROS) examination. Ag NPs distributed on the surface of Cu 2 O particles formed a large of ion release channel, resulting in excellent sustained release of copper ions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the mechanism of photocatalysis and ROS generation. The constructed Cu 2 O-Ag heterostructure exhibit highly long-term sterilization activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) which were maintained around 70% and 80% and were increased by 40% and 50% compared with free Cu 2 O after being immersed in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solutions within 14 days., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

An anticorrosive composite coating with enhanced corrosion resistance in acid, alkaline and salt solutions was fabricated by compounding micro- and nanoporous inorganic structure and organic corrosion inhibitor, which was used to improve the corrosion resistance of amphoteric metal and its oxides in various corrosive medium. Micro- and nanoporous structure was prepared by microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings on 2024 aluminium alloy, which was used both as the inorganic anticorrosion coating and the container for organic corrosion inhibitor (M16). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel plots and salt spray resistance were measured to research the anticorrosion performance of the MAO/M16 composite coating. Enhanced corrosion resistance was observed for the MAO/M16 coating compared to the MAO by itself. When the concentration of corrosion inhibitor M16 is at 2 w%, the best anticorrosive properties of the composite coating were obtained. Moreover, the MAO/M16 composite coating showed better corrosion-resistant performance than pure MAO coating and Al alloy substrate in the corrosion environment of 1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH and 3.5 w% NaCl solutions, respectively. The enhancement of corrosion resistance for MAO/M16 composite coating was achieved by a unique synergy between the microarc oxidation layer and the corrosion inhibitor. The composite coating indicates its promising applications in acid, alkaline and salt solutions environments and other harsh environments., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Low photocatalytic efficiency of visible light and fast recombination of photo-generated carriers are two challenges facing the applications of photocatalyst sterilant zinc oxide (ZnO). Meanwhile, both light and dark photocatalytic activities are important. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to construct a day-night photocatalytic antibacterial material, which is beneficial to the effective use of energy and to tackle the limitation of using photocatalytic bacteriostat. ZnO nanoflowers decorated vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) nanowires heterojunction (ZVH) was firstly fabricated using a facile water-bathing method. The designed ZVH structure efficiently produced abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both light and darkness. It yielded 99.8% and 99.0% of antibacterial rate against S. aureus due to oxidative stress induced by ROS in light and darkness, respectively. The generation of ROS played a major role in the antibacterial activities against S. aureus under both light and dark conditions. The prepared ZVH with improved antibacterial properties provides an alternative for day-night antibacterial agents., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Stable reduced graphene oxide-cuprous oxide (rGO-Cu 2 O) nanocomposites with long-term antibacterial activities were prepared by reducing copper sulfate supported on GO using ascorbic acid as reducing agent in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium hydroxide at room temperature. The rGO provided a protective barrier for Cu 2 O, preventing Cu 2 O from reacting with external solution to leach copper ions too quickly. Meanwhile, the rGO also promoted the separation of photoexcited charge carriers of Cu 2 O nanoparticles to enhance the oxidative stress reactive and protected Cu 2 O from falling apart in the phosphate buffered solution (PBS) solution to prolong the generation time of reactive oxygen species (ROS). More importantly, the large specific surface area of rGO improved the dispersibility of Cu 2 O by electrostatic interaction. The synergistic effect of sustained release of copper ions, elevated ROS production ability and uniform dispersion of rGO-Cu 2 O nanocomposites resulted in the excellent antibacterial activities of rGO-Cu 2 O nanocomposites against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which were maintained around 70% and 65% and were increased by 40% and 35% compared with free Cu 2 O after immersing 30 days in PBS solutions., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)