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Abstract: Mutant alleles of the gene encoding cadherin 23 are associated with Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1D), isolated deafness (DFNB12) in humans, and deafness and circling behavior in waltzer (v) mice. Stereocilia of waltzer mice are disorganized and the kinocilia misplaced, indicating the importance of cadherin 23 for hair bundle development. Cadherin 23 was localized to developing stereocilia and proposed as a component of the tip link. We show that, during development of the inner ear, cadherin 23 is initially detected in centrosomes at E14.5, then along the length of emerging stereocilia, and later becomes concentrated at and subsequently disappears from the tops of stereocilia. In mature vestibular hair bundles, cadherin 23 is present along the kinocilium and in the region of stereocilia¿kinocilium bonds, a pattern conserved in mammals, chicks, and frogs. Cadherin 23 is also present in Reissner''s membrane (RM) throughout development. In homozygous v6J mice, a reported null allele, cadherin 23 was absent from stereocilia, but present in kinocilia, RM, and centrosomes. We reconciled these results by identifying two novel isoforms of Cdh23 unaffected in sequence and expression by the v6J allele. Our results suggest that Cdh23 participation in stereocilia links may be restricted to developing hair bundles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Here, tobermorite was prepared by a solvothermal technology using calcite and quartz with a mixed solvent of ethanol and water. Factors including reaction temperature, time and KOH content were studied to optimize the preparation procedure. To study the relationship between ethanol content-material structural characteristics-adsorption capacity, a series of materials were prepared in different mixed solvent proportions of ethanol and water, and their structural characteristics and adsorption capacity were compared. We found that the adsorption capacity of different samples for Pb2+ and Cd2+ was positively correlated with negatively correlated with the surface area and negatively correlated with the crystallinity of materials. Then, the material prepared by 30% ethanol solution (30-T) with the best adsorption performance was used for further research; the results were fitted by kinetic and thermodynamic models, and adsorbed materials were analyzed by various characterizations, suggesting that the adsorption process was ascribed to comprehensive pathways including ion exchange, chemical precipitation, and surface-complexation. Then, the 30-T was further used to remediate heavy metals contaminated soil, and the remediation effect was examined by the DTPA-extractable method and the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method. The DTPA-extractable results showed that tobermorite observably reduced the bioavailability of Pb and Cd, and the BCR results suggested that the acid-soluble and reducible fractions of Pb and Cd were transformed to the oxidizable and residual fractions after remediation. In summary, tobermorite has great potential in the remediation of heavy metal polluted-aquatic environment/system and soil. • Tobermorite was successfully prepared in mixed solvent of ethanol and water. • Tobermorite was used to remove Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the water. • The adsorption mechanism was ascribed to comprehensive pathways. • The amendment reduced soil acidity and the bioavailable Pb and Cd in soil. • Tobermorite could translate Pb and Cd in soil to more stable fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the physicochemical and photocatalytic properties of two kinds of stannate perovskite oxides (MgSnO 3 and CaSnO 3) were investigated under simulated sunlight, where dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were selected as the probe pollutants. The results of photochemical characterization showed that MgSnO 3 perovskite exhibited better photocatalytic performance than CaSnO 3 perovskite. MgSnO 3 perovskite could effectively degrade 75% of DMP and 79% of DEP through pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, which remained good in pH 3.0 to 9.0. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization indicated that photogenerated holes (h +), superoxide (O 2 −), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) worked in the photo-degradation, while O 2 − played the most important role. Furthermore, intermediates identification and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to explore the degradation mechanism. For both DMP and DEP, the reactive oxygen species (ROS, including O 2 − and OH) were responsible for the hydroxylation of benzene ring and the breaking of the aliphatic chain, while h + was prone to break the aliphatic chain. This work is expected to provide new insights on the photocatalytic mechanism of stannate perovskites for environmental remediation. [Display omitted] • MgSnO 3 and CaSnO 3 perovskites were firstly used for photocatalytic degradation of PAEs. • MgSnO 3 perovskite exhibited better photocatalytic performance. • h + and O 2 − were the predominant radicals in photo-degradation. • Experiments and DFT calculations were combined to elucidate the degradation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, corn straw (CS) based porous carbon was prepared by one-step phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) low temperature activation. The impregnation ratios (H 3 PO 4 /CS, g/g) played an important role in the pore development. ACS 300-1 engineered at 300 °C and the impregnation ratio of 1.0 showed the maximal specific surface area of 463.89 m2/g with total pore volume of 0.387 cm3/g, attaining a high tetracycline (TC) uptake of 227.3 mg/g. The adsorption of TC onto ACS 300-1 was found tolerant with wide pH (2.0–10.0) and high ionic strength (0 – 0.5 M). The adsorption data can be fitted well by the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. The endothermic and spontaneous properties of the adsorption system was implied by Thermodynamic study. The findings of the current work conclude that one-step H 3 PO 4 activation is a green and promising method for corn straw based porous carbon that may be found with great potentials in antibiotic containing wastewater treatment. Image 1 • Corn straw based porous carbon (ACS 300-1) was facilely prepared by one-step phosphoric acid low temperature activation. • ACS 300-1 showed high microporosity and specific surface area with excellent TC uptake capacity of 227.3 mg/g. • ACS 300-1 was tolerant with wide pH (2.0–10.0) and high ionic strength (0–0.5 M). • The adsorption behavior of TC onto ACS 300-1 surface was both physisorption and chemisorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]