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Abstract: Integration of genetic and metabolic network holds promise for providing insight into human disease. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is strongly heritable, but the heritability of metabolic compounds has not been evaluated in human metabolic context. Here we performed a genetic-based computational approach within eight sub-cellular networks from Edinburgh Human Metabolic Network to identify significant genetic risk compounds (SGRCs) of CAD. Our results provide the evidence that the high heritabilities of SGRCs played an important role in CAD pathogenesis. Besides, SGRCs were discovered to be strongly associated with lipid metabolism. We also established a possible disease-causing reference table to decipher genetic associations of SGRCs with CAD. Comparing with traditional method, RCM experienced better performance in CAD genetic risk compounds'' identification. These findings provided novel insights into CAD pathogenesis from a genetic perspective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Grain boundary enriched CuO nanobundle was reported to significantly increased the glucose diffusion as well as reduce the glucose oxidation barrier, thus displayed a lower onset potential of 94 mV, an extremely high sensitivity of 7474 μA mM−1 cm−2 in glucose detection and a high peak power density of 242 W m−2 in a glucose fuel cell. [Display omitted] • CuO nanobundle with high density and homogenous GBs was obtained by a facile and large-scale method. • A high sensitivity of 7474 μA mM−1 cm−2 in glucose detection and a high peak power density of 242 W m−2 in a glucose fuel cell are achieved. • CuO-NB possesses the faster glucose mass transfer due to the terraces in GBs dislocation surface. • Electrons accumulate on GBs interfaces promote glucose adsorption and decrease free energy of dehydrogenation step. Glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) plays a significant role in glucose fuel cells anode and glucose sensors. Therefore, optimizing the GOR catalyst nanostructure is auxiliary to their efficient operation. In this study, we present a cascade-assembled strategy to prepare CuO nanobundles (CuO-NB) with high-density and homogenous grain boundaries (GBs). The essence of activity in GOR that depended on GBs are thoroughly investigated. The increased glucose diffusion coefficient of CuO-NB means that GBs has a faster glucose mass transfer, which is attributed to the terraces in GBs dislocation surface. Furthermore, the accumulation of electrons on GBs makes the glucose adsorption increased and the free energy of dehydrogenation step decreased, leading to a lower glucose oxidation barrier. Therefore, CuO-NB is appropriate for non-invasive glucose detection and glucose fuel cells. This study sheds new light on the GBs effect in GOR and paves the way for developing high-efficiency electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence on the short-term effects of size-specific particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM 2.5), ≤10 μm (PM 10), and their difference (PM C) on children's Lower Respiratory Infections (LRI) is scare. This study aimed to estimate the differential effects of three size-specific PM on hospitalizations of children aged <18 years for pneumonia and bronchitis in 18 cities of southwestern China. The city-specific association was firstly estimated using the over-dispersed generalized additive model and then combined to obtain the regional average association. Further, to evaluate the robustness of the key findings, subgroup analyses and co-pollutant models were constructed. PM-related risks of LRI differed by PM fractions and cause-specific LRI. A 10 μg/m3 increment in PM 2.5 _lag03, PM 10 _lag06, and PM C _lag06 was associated with a 0.79% (95% CI: 0.29%, 1.29%), 0.77% (95% CI: 0.13%, 1.41%), and 2.33% (95% CI: 1.23%, 3.44%) increase in children's LRI hospitalizations, respectively. After adjustment for gaseous pollutants, adverse effects of the three types of size-specific PM on pneumonia hospitalizations were stable, ranging from 0.29% (95% CI: 0.05%, 0.54%) for PM 2.5 –2.50% (95% CI: 1.38%, 3.64%) for PM C. Additionally, PM C -related risk of bronchitis hospitalizations remained stable after adjustment for gaseous pollutants. Associations of pneumonia with PM C and PM 10 in infants, bronchitis with PM 2.5 in children aged 6–17 years, pneumonia and bronchitis with PM 2.5 , PM C , and PM 10 in children aged 1–5 years were all statistical significant. Specifically, the effects of PM 2.5 on LRI hospitalizations increased by age, with the highest effect of 1.72% (95%CI: 1.01%, 2.43%) in children aged 6–17 years. Our study provided evidence for short-term effects of different PM fractions on children LRI hospitalizations in Southwestern China, which will be useful for making and promoting policies on air quality standards in order to protect children's health. • PM-related risks of children's LRI hospitalizations differed by PM fractions. • PM 2.5 - and PM 10 -related risk of LRI was comparable, around one third of PM C. • Association of pneumonia with PM C was the strongest among three size-specific PM. • In particular, PM 2.5 -related risks of LRI hospitalizations increased by age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient electrode materials is essential to promote the performance of energy storage equipment. Nowadays, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely regarded as active materials for supercapacitors mainly thanks to their adjustable structure and outstanding porosity. Here, highly optimized Nickel and Cobalt MOF-derived N -doped porous carbon (Ni/Co-MOF-NPC) are considered the best choice for electrode materials due to their unique structural properties and excellent electrochemical performance. Pure cobalt oxide rarely reaches a specific capacitance of 104.3 F g−1 when the current density is 1 A g−1, but the optimized Ni/Co-MOF-NPC-2:1 offers an ultra-high specific capacitance of 1214 F g−1, which is much higher than that of pure cobalt oxide in a three-electrode test system. When the current density is 10 A g−1, after 6000 cycles, the capacitance can still maintain 98.8% of the initial capacitance. Asymmetric supercapacitors were assembled using the prepared Ni/Co-MOF-NPC-2:1 as the positive electrode material, corrugated paper activated carbon (CPAC) as the negative electrode material, the prepared Ni/Co-MOF-NPC-2:1//CPAC exhibits an outstanding energy density of 55.4 Wh kg−1 at 758.5 W kg−1, and has a significant cycle stability of 75.2% retention after 20,000 cycles. This excellent MOF synthesis strategy reduced the gap between the experimental synthesis and practical application of MOF in fast energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as metabolic disorder-related diseases are major concern for worldwide public health in the 21st century. The identification of these disease risk genes has attracted increasing interest in computational systems biology. In this paper, a novel method was proposed to prioritize disease risk genes (PDRG) by integrating functional annotations, protein interactions and gene expression information to assess similarity between genes in a disease-related metabolic network. The gene prioritization method was successfully carried out for obesity and COPD, the effectiveness of which was superior to those of ToppGene and ToppNet in both literature validation and recall rate by LOOCV. Our method could be applied broadly to other metabolism-related diseases, helping to prioritize novel disease risk genes, and could shed light on diagnosis and effective therapies. • A novel method was proposed to prioritize disease risk genes (PDRG) by integrating multiple data to assess similarity between genes in disease-related metabolic network. • The PDRG method was superior to ToppGene and ToppNet in both literature validation and recall rate. • The PDRG method would be applied broadly to other metabolic related diseases helping in prioritizing novel disease risk genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The kinase inhibitory activity of the selected compound 10a with better neuroprotective effect was 2.7 fold than that of Tideglusib. • Similar to Tideglusib, the selected compound 10a showed GSK-3β selective inhibition among the whole tested kinases. • The selected compound 10a could significantly reduce the levels of APP and p-tau via increasing expression of p-GSK-3β. • The selected compound 10a could improve the learning and memory functions of AD mice induced by d -galactose combined with AlCl 3 , and reduce the damage of hippocampal neurons. • Compared to Tideglusib, the selected compound 10a has less hepatotoxicity. Tideglusib is a non-competitive GSK-3β inhibitor which contain 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione moiety, and now mainly used for progressive supranuclear palsy due to the lack of some primary cognitive endpoints and secondary endpoints in a phase IIb trail for Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, insufficient evidence exists to support that there are obvious covalent bonds between Tideglusib and GSK-3β. Targeted covalent inhibition strategy could improve the binding efficiency, selectivity and duration of kinase inhibitors. Based on the above premise, two series of targeted compounds with acryloyl warheads were designed and synthesized. The kinase inhibitory activity of the selected compound 10a with better neuroprotective effect improved 2.7 fold than that of Tideglusib. After the preliminary screening of GSK-3β inhibition and neuroprotective activity, the mechanism action of the selected compound 10a was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results confirmed that 10a with excellent selectivity among the whole tested kinases could significantly reduce the expressions of APP and p-Tau via increasing the level of p-GSK-3β. The pharmacodynamic assay in vivo showed that 10a could markedly improve the learning and memory functions in AD mice induced by AlCl 3 combined with d -galactose. At the same time, the damage of hippocampal neurons in AD mice was obviously reduced. Accordingly, the introduction of acryloyl warheads could increase the GSK-3β inhibitory activity of 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione derivatives, and the selected compound 10a deserves further research as an effective GSK-3β inhibitor for the potential treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]