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Based on increasing incidents of mental ill-health associated with living in dense urban environments, the field of Neurourbanism developed rapidly, aiming at identifying and improving urban factors that impact the health of city dwellers. Neurourbanism and the closely related field of Neuro-Architecture have seen a surge in studies using mobile electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the impact of the built and natural environment on human brain activity moving from the laboratory into the real world. This trend predominantly arises from the ready availability of affordable and portable consumer hardware, which not only guarantees operational simplicity but also frequently incorporates automated data analysis functions. This significantly streamlines the process of EEG data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation, seemingly challenging the necessity of specialized expertise in the method of EEG or neurosciences in general. As a consequence, numerous studies in the field of Neurourbanism have used such off-the-shelf systems in laboratory and real-world experimental protocols including active movement of participants through the environment. However, the recording and analysis of EEG data entails numerous requisites, the disregard of which may culminate in errors during data acquisition, processing, and subsequent interpretation, potentially compromising the scientific validity of the outcomes. The often relatively low number of electrodes offered by affordable and portable consumer EEG systems further restricts specific analyses approaches to the low-dimensional EEG data. Crucially, a large part of Neurourbanism studies used black-box analyses provided by such consumer systems or incorrectly applied complex data-driven analyses methods that are incompatible with the recorded low-dimensional data. The current manuscript delineates the prerequisites concerning EEG hardware and analytical methodologies applicable to stationary and mobile EEG protocols, whether conducted within a controlled laboratory environment or in real-world settings. It conducts a comprehensive review of EEG studies within the domain of Neurourbanism and Neuro-Architecture, assessing their adherence to these prerequisites. The findings reveal severe deficiencies in the utilization of hardware and data processing methods, thereby rendering these studies unsuitable for scientific scrutiny. Consequently, the present paper provides guidelines for the selection of EEG hardware and analytical strategies for researchers engaged in mobile EEG recordings, be it within a laboratory or real-world context, aimed at steering future investigations in the field of Neurourbanism and Neuro-Architecture. • Systematic review of papers in the field of Neurourbanism up to 2023 that use electroencephalography (EEG) as research method. • Review criteria included participant mobility and mobility of the EEG system as well as the replicability of the methods and analyses. • The majority of studies uses mobile EEG systems without using mobile protocols. • More than 50% of studies report insufficient information that would allow replication of the study. • Problematic methods and missing information are identified and guidelines to overcome these issues are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanization poses numerous challenges to freshwater biodiversity. This paper describes two studies with the joint aim of demonstrating the benefits of applying a systematic behaviour change framework and providing the foundational knowledge to inform future behavior change work to protect and restore urban freshwater biodiversity. In Study 1 we used a mixed-methods research design, involving 14 key informant interviews followed by an online survey targeting 17 freshwater biodiversity experts and another targeting a representative sample of 550 urban residents, to identify and prioritize the most promising resident behaviors to target to reduce stormwater pollution and improve natural waterway habitats in urban areas. Study 2 focused on the top-ranked short-term behavior identified in Study 1, citizen reporting of pollution in stormwater drains and waterways. We surveyed a representative sample of 1901 urban residents across Aoteraoa New Zealand to identify four main determinants influencing this behavior: awareness and uncertainty about reporting, lack of opportunity to report, social motivation and personal motivation to report, and five potential target audiences: 'Supportive', 'Unaware but receptive', 'Motivated but lack support', 'Reluctant', and 'Not my problem'. We make recommendations for the most appropriate intervention designs to target each of these audience segments to promote the reporting of stormwater pollution in urban areas. This knowledge will allow for a more coordinated and effective approach for addressing the 'human element' that lies at the heart of many urban freshwater management problems. • Urbanization poses challenges to freshwater biodiversity. • Study 1 identified the most impactful resident behaviors for reducing stormwater pollution and improving freshwater habitat. • Study 2 identified the factors influencing residents reporting of stormwater pollution and five target audience segments. • This paper provides recommendations for future behavior change work to protect and restore urban waterways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the formation of the green lifestyle (GL) is a crucial step in achieving comprehensive green transformation of urban economic and social development. The widespread adoption of GL is influenced by various environmental regulations. Previous research mainly focused on the impact of individual policies on GL from the single policy perspective. The mechanisms of the combined effects of policies have not been thoroughly explored, particularly the contributions of each policy during periods of overlap. This paper takes the dual-policy of the New-type Urbanization Policy (NUP) and Smart City Policy (SCP) in China as an example. It employs panel data collected from 271 cities in China during 2007–2019 and establishes a multi-period difference-in-difference model to identify the combined effects of the dual-policy on residents' GL. Additionally, the Shapley value decomposition method is utilized to identify the contribution magnitude of each policy when they act simultaneously. The following conclusions are yielded. Firstly, the combined effects of dual-policy are more effective than a single policy in influencing residents' GL. Secondly, the Shapley value decomposition method reveals that when both policies are simultaneously implemented, SCP contributes a greater weight compared to NUP. Thirdly, the dual-policy can promote residents' adoption of GL through mechanisms such as green technological innovation, public participation in environmental protection, and the agglomeration of tertiary industries. Fourthly, the impact of dual-policy on residents' GL varies across different types and sizes of cities. This study attempts to unseal the "black box" of how the dual-policy influences residents' GL during the green transformation of cities in China, providing theoretical references for relevant urban policies in other countries and contributing to Chinese solutions and experience to global urban green development. • The dual-policy of NUP and SCP can jointly promote residents' green lifestyle. • The weight of SCP's contribution is higher than NUP's by the Shapely value method. • It explored three potential channels between the dual-policy and GL. • There are heterogeneous effects of dual-policy on GL in different types of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation is the pivotal part connected with achieving urban sustainable development. Resource regulation, represented by water rights trading policy (WRTP), is playing an increasingly important role in supporting urban green innovation (UGI). Therefore, this paper uses the WRTP conducted in 2014 in China as a quasi-natural experiment to evaluate the net effect of resource regulation on green innovation by the identification methods of difference-in-differences (DID) model. The results show that: (1) WRTP promotes UGI significantly, and this finding holds after a series of robustness tests. (2)The influencing mechanisms are mainly by optimizing industrial structure and enhancing the efficiency of resource allocation and information exchange efficiency and the promoting function is moderated by urban competitiveness and population agglomeration. (3) The promotion effects are greater in cities with higher level of government intervention, environmental pollution, water using quantity and local economy.(4) WRTP has the spatial spillover effect on UGI. These findings provide insights into sustainable development of water resources, management of water trading market, urban green innovation and sustainable economic development. • By a quasi-natural experiment, we explore the causal effect of resource regulation on green innovation. • Water rights trading policy is effective in improving urban green innovation. • Improving industrial structure, efficiency of resource allocation and information exchange is the vital mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban forests as nature-based solutions (UF–NbS) play a crucial role for promoting the health and well-being of urban populations. Despite increasing recognition of their importance, knowledge gaps remain regarding UF-NbS implementation, particularly with respect to their performance, their perception, and on decision-making and governance practices for their implementation and management. Grounded in a project-as-practice approach and based on sixteen UF-NbS case histories, this paper seeks to gain insights into UF-NbS project actualities by an identification of characteristic trends as a function of a projects' scope and purpose, or challenge-orientation, respectively. A particular emphasis is on project structure and coordination, on the scope and depth of participation and stakeholder involvement, and on funding mechanisms. Identified trends reveal centrally coordinated, single-responsible public authorities as the most common project structure, but with certain feature contents, i.e., regeneration and reclamation, as being associated with more decentralised forms of governance. It is concluded that irrespective of challenge-orientation, comparatively broad participation appears to be realised within the UF-NbS framework, however, the depth of participation differs considerably. With respect to funding, a strong reliance on public capital is asserted for the UF-NbS context, however, various forms of private contributions appear reasonably common across the assessed case histories. Recommendations for policy-making and avenues of future research are identified, including the validation of identified trends, the fostering of collaboration, the dispersal of decision-making authority, the encouragement for implementing non-tokenistic modes of participation in UF-NbS governance, and the promotion of potentially under-utilised funds. • The governance of urban forests as nature-based solutions has been investigated. • Analysis of sixteen case histories grounded in a project-as-practice approach. • Identification of associations of governance features with challenge-orientations. • Recommendations for policymaking to improve the governance of urban forests. • Avenues for future research highlighted to promote project-based knowledge exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continued population growth, and climate change are placing stress on many of the world's water sources and this often manifests in environmental damage to rivers and wetlands. Most of the published literature around allocating more water to the environment considers trade-offs with agriculture. In contrast this study focusses on scenarios for different potable water supplies in cities and thus adds a novel perspective on the value of riverine restoration. This study sheds light on urban households' willingness to pay for more water to be allocated to the environment where it directly competes with their own water demands. The study uses two stated preference techniques (choice modelling and best-worst scaling) to establish the value of environmental water and the motivations for households paying for an increase in environmental water reserves. The study is set in Australia's fastest growing city, Melbourne, although the approach and method have implications for other developed-world settings. The paper also offers practical advice on the management of water allocated for different uses. Overall, the results indicate a positive and significant willingness to pay by households for additional water entitlements. Importantly, this provides a benchmark for contemplating the costs and benefits of activating alternative water supplies, such as desalination, to free up rainwater for environmental purposes. • Urban residents are willing to make non-trivial payments for water for the environment. • Few respondents object to the reassignment of water to environmental uses. • The value residents place on additional water for urban waterways is identified. • Improvements in water quality and preserving platypus is important to residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, China has observed rapid urbanization, the nation's urban population reached 50% in 2000, and is still in steady increase. Rapid urbanization in China has an adverse impact on urban hydrological processes, particularly in increasing the urban flood risks and causing serious urban flooding losses. Urban flooding also increases health risks such as causing epidemic disease break out, polluting drinking water and damaging the living environment. In the highly urbanized area, non-engineering measurement is the main way for managing urban flood risk, such as flood risk warning. There is no mature method and pilot study for urban flood risk warning, the purpose of this study is to propose the urban flood risk warning method for the rapidly urbanized Chinese cities. This paper first presented an urban flood forecasting model, which produces urban flood inundation index for urban flood risk warning. The model has 5 modules. The drainage system and grid dividing module divides the whole city terrain into drainage systems according to its first-order river system, and delineates the drainage system into grids based on the spatial structure with irregular gridding technique; the precipitation assimilation module assimilates precipitation for every grids which is used as the model input, which could either be the radar based precipitation estimation or interpolated one from rain gauges; runoff production module classifies the surface into pervious and impervious surface, and employs different methods to calculate the runoff respectively; surface runoff routing module routes the surface runoff and determines the inundation index. The routing on surface grid is calculated according to the two dimensional shallow water unsteady flow algorithm, the routing on land channel and special channel is calculated according to the one dimensional unsteady flow algorithm. This paper then proposed the urban flood risk warning method that is called DPSIR model based multiple index fuzzy evaluation warning method, and referred to as DMFEW method. DMFEW first selects 5 evaluation indexes based on the DPSIR model for flood risk warning evaluation, including driving force index, pressure index, state index, impact index and response index. Based on the values of all evaluation indexes, one evaluation index for the whole system evaluation result is determined by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The flood risk level is divided into 4 levels, having Level 1 the most serious. Every evaluation index is also categorized as 4 levels, and a linear fuzzy subjection function is proposed to do the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Dongguan City is used as the study case to validate the proposed method. The urban flood forecasting model is set up with the topographic data, the city map, the underground pipelines and land cover types, and two flood events are simulated with observed precipitation, one is interpolated from the rain gauges data, and another is estimated by digital weather radar. The simulated results are compared with the investigated water depth, and the results show the model has very good performances. The results are further used for the flood risk warning simulation, and are very reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an urgent challenge to coordinate industrialization and air quality in China since the rapid industrialization over the past forty years caused serious air pollution. In this paper, we measured the industrialization levels of the 31 regions in China from 2003 to 2017 as a sum of per capita gross domestic product (GDP), urban population (% of total), tertiary vs. secondary industry output ratio, non-agricultural output value (% of GDP), non-agricultural employment proportion, and the proportion of added value of manufacturing in the total added value of commodity. We measured air quality as a sum of annual SO 2 , NO 2 and PM 10 concentrations. In general, the industrialization level continuously increased while air pollution was reduced in spite of some fluctuations in China. Our results show air pollution presented N-shape relations with the industrialization level in China in the periods from 2003 to 2008, 2009 to 2013, and 2014 to 2017. Air pollution increases as the industrialization occurs but later deceases as the industrialization level improves. However, air pollution rebounds as the industrialization moves further but this rebound became weaker in recent years. With the association rule mining, we identified ranges of the six indicators for industrialization associated with good and poor air quality, respectively. Using industrialization indicators associated with poor air quality as references, we pointed out differentiated strategies for regions to coordinate the industrialization and air quality protection. • We analyzed industrialization progress & air quality from 2003 to 2017 in China. • Air pollution in China exhibits N-shape relations with industrialization level. • We mined association rules between industrialization indicators and air quality. • Summary of industrialization indicator ranges associated with good/poor air quality. • Differential strategy by region to coordinate development & air quality protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the politics of eminent domain, using a specific historical episode: the enactment of the new California constitution in 1879. It presents evidence that the failure of a constitutional provision that would have codified eminent domain powers for water development resulted from a complex interchange of economic interests among farmers, miners, and urban residents. This evidence was manifested in delegate behavior on the floor of the constitutional convention in 1878, including various roll-call votes, which are subjected to an econometric analysis. The results have implications for the interpretation of legislative eminent domain decisions, and the degree to which economic development processes are shaped by the institutional environment in which they occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Individuals take preventive measures to avoid costly air pollution exposure. This paper provides new empirical evidence of pollution avoidance that Chinese urban residents purchase particulate-filtering facemasks to protect against ambient air pollution. The analysis is conducted with detailed and comprehensive data available on daily facemask purchases and air quality that became available only very recently. We find that this transitory air pollution avoidance behavior exhibits dynamics and nonlinearities, with significant increases of facemask purchases during extreme pollution episodes. The daily model shows that a 100-point increase in Air Quality Index (AQI) increases the consumption of all masks by 54.5 percent and anti-PM 2.5 masks by 70.6 percent. The estimates from the aggregated model with flexible pollution levels are used to simulate the benefit of air quality improvement. If 10 percent of heavy pollution days (AQI ≥ 201) were eliminated, the total savings on facemasks alone would be approximately 187 million USD in China. This result suggests that reducing the occurrence of "airpocalypse" events represents a signifi1cant opportunity to improve social welfare. Nevertheless, our estimates are likely only a small part of the benefit of clean air because facemasks can only partially reduce the negative health effects of air pollution and the costs of other avoidance behaviors are not included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Epilepsy can be burdensome for patients, families, health systems, and society. • Health disparities of people with epilepsy can be worsened by living in rural areas. • Demographics and socioeconomic status drive the poor outcomes, not rurality per se. • Prospective studies with standard definitions of rural are needed. Epilepsy is a leading cause of global disease burden, with people with epilepsy (PWE) experiencing adverse health outcomes related to the psychiatric comorbidities and socioeconomic consequences of the disorder. Rural populations are more likely to be impoverished or uninsured, which could impact health outcomes for rural-dwelling PWE (RPWE). This systematic literature review identified original research studying health disparities and outcomes among RPWE in the United States and Canada to (1) characterize the disparities faced by RPWE and (2) elucidate the effects of these disparities upon clinical outcomes. We performed a systematic search of six electronic databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid. Articles considered were original research reports conducted in Canada or the United States before August 2020. A modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Our search returned 2093 articles that examined the health disparities of RPWE, of which six met criteria for this review. Outcome measures of health disparity included in these papers were mortality (2; 33%), use of health resources (2; 33%), and epilepsy prevalence (2; 33%). Only one paper (16%) concluded that RPWE experienced worse health outcomes relative to urban-dwelling PWE, while 5 (84%) found no difference. Our study did not find sufficient evidence that RPWE in the US and Canada experience significant health disparities compared to similar urban populations of PWE. More research using prospective studies and datasets allowing better characterization of rurality is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vast body of research has characterised urban Indigeneity as a novel phenomenon. In response, this paper historicises the presence of Indigenous people in settler-colonial cities. I argue that although Indigenous people have always been a part of the urban landscape, their presence has remained largely unheeded due to their positioning as transients. Insufficient critical engagement with Indigenous urban histories has obfuscated a shift in their status from transients to residents in cities. As transients, Indigenous groups were denied access to decision making and their presence was confined and conditional. Positioned as residents, Indigenous peoples now constitute subaltern counterpublics who partake in political processes. Adopting a comparative approach, I use archival and ethnographic material to explore narratives of policy makers, bureaucrats and urban planners in two settler-colonial cities: Karmiel in Israel/Palestine and Townsville in northern Queensland, Australia. In each location I examine the top-down (settler) positioning of Indigenous people within the city space and the contemporary manifestations of Indigenous political mobilisation. Findings show that while settler-colonial urbanism was initially predicated upon the exclusion of Indigenous people, it necessitated their provisional and restrictive inclusion. This structure inadvertently led to the emergence of Indigenous counterpublics in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household consumption activities affect energy and water consumption directly and indirectly. Based on input-output modeling, this paper divided Chinese urban and rural residents into 12 groups, and investigated the impact of the consumption activities of residents with different levels of income on China's energy and water consumption from the perspective of consumers. Two main results were found. 1) In 2012, the energy consumption caused by the consumption activities of the highest-income urban residents accounted for 17.3% of the total energy consumption. For water resources, the per capita water withdrawal and consumption of the highest-income urban residents reached 481.21 m3 and 284.45 thousand m3, 6 times more than that of the low-income rural residents. 2) We identified medium and medium-high income urban residents as the key groups of residents. From the perspective of the industrial sectors, the key sectors for high energy consumption and water usage included the Electricity and Agricultural sectors, and we identified the Electricity sector as the key sector for the water and energy nexus of the residential sectors. The conclusions of this paper have pertinence for policymaking, and they provide an appropriate policy basis for guiding residents' energy and water consumption. • Energy and water usage caused by household consumption in China is investigated. • Chinese urban and rural residents in input-output table are divided into 12 groups. • Energy consumption caused by the highest-income urban residents accounted for 17.3%. • Water usage of the highest-income urban residents is 6 times more than that of the low-income rural residents. • Electricity sector as the key sector for the water and energy nexus of the residential sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As new buildings are constructed to accommodate the growing urban population, there is increasing use of sites close to both surface and underground railways. An important design consideration concerns the internal levels of perceptible vibration and re-radiated noise, which may have a negative impact on both the quality of life of occupants and the functioning of sensitive equipment. When considering this vibration serviceability, noise and vibration predictions are often made based on initial measurements of the free-field ground vibration, and by applying empirical relations available in the literature. Coupling loss, floor-to-floor and column-to-floor factors are all defined on the basis of data collected from a limited range of pre-existing buildings, and yet they are applied in practice on a wide range of soil–foundation–building systems. This paper presents the findings of a ground-borne vibration measurement campaign conducted during the construction of a 17-storey building above the Bakerloo line of the London Underground. Vibration levels are compared as the construction progresses over a two-year period, from the original brown-field site to the completion of the building, with the aim of identifying the so-called added-foundation and added-building effects. These effects, which refer to the attenuation or amplification of ground vibration levels resulting from the construction, are quantified in terms of coupling losses that are conceptually different from those found in vibration assessment procedures. Further results describing the variation in vibration levels within the completed building are compared with guideline values and their significance in a design context is discussed. • Ground-borne vibration measurements from a tall building above London Underground. • Measurements throughout construction highlight changes due to foundation and building. • Floor-to-floor measurements indicate vibration attenuation with height. • Core-to-floor measurements indicate resonant amplification. • Installation of façade highlights damping effect of non-structural elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many coastal urban areas are experiencing impacts of accelerated chronic and episodic flooding on the built environment and people's livelihoods and quality of life. These impacts sometimes exceed the households' adaptive and coping capacities to deal with flooding, prompting residents to consider relocation. It is unclear how urban dwellers living in flood-prone locations perceive this adaptation strategy and under what flood-driven circumstances they would consider permanently moving. This paper provides empirical evidence on relocation preferences among urban residents along the U.S. East Coast. It further explores how this decision is influenced by socioeconomic determinants, experiences with flood exposure, comprehensive concerns with flooding, and preferences for relocation destinations. We administered an online survey to 1450 residents living in flood-prone urban areas across multiple states, from New York to Florida, and analyzed the results using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that almost half of respondents would consider relocating due to coastal flooding, with only 13 percent declining this option. The results show that age and race, several determinants of place attachment, problem-solving capacity, and flood-related household- and community-level concerns play a significant role in willingness to relocate. • Accelerated flooding in coastal urban areas will increase the need for relocation. • Empirical evidence about coastal relocation drivers is limited. • Survey responses indicate that many urban coastal residents are willing to relocate. • Willingness to relocate is affected by age and race, and other personal concerns. • Crime, future flooding, community support, and living costs predict relocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-carbon pilot cities can break the lock-in effect of living carbon emissions, which are an important strategic component of China's response to climate change. Current research on low-carbon pilot cities focuses on the production field. Insufficient attention has been paid to whether low-carbon pilot cities can promote the green transformation of residents' lifestyle. Using panel data of 285 cities in China from 2004 to 2016, this study explores the inducing effect of low-carbon pilot cities on residents' low-carbon choices from holistic and single-dual perspectives based on the difference-in-differences method and the synthetic control method. This study finds that low-carbon pilot cities can promote the green transformation of residents' lifestyle, and this policy has reduced living carbon emissions by approximately 15.3%. The transmission mechanisms are mainly green life consciousness and green habits. The conclusion considers the effects of multi-pilot policies and other living differences during the parallel period and is still valid after robustness testing using propensity score matching difference-in-differences. In addition, the policy has a snowball effect, and is stronger in larger cities. Ultimately, this paper provides useful information for the scientific implementation of carbon emission reduction plans in the field of residents' living and the improvement of the long-term mechanism of pilot cities with both quality and quantity guaranteed. • Low-carbon pilot cities (LCPCs) induce residents to make low-carbon choices. • LCPCs have reduced living carbon emissions by approximately 15.3%. • LCPCs can coexist with other policies to achieve CO 2 reduction. • The mechanisms are mainly green consciousness and green habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Union is currently immersed in policy development to address the effects of climate change around the world. Key plans and processes for facilitating adaptation to high temperatures and for reducing the adverse effects on health are among the most urgent measures. Therefore, it is necessary to understand those factors that influence adaptation. The aim of this study was to provide knowledge related to the social, climate and economic factors that are related to the evolution of minimum mortality temperatures (MMT) in Spain in the rural and urban contexts, during the 1983–2018 time period. For this purpose, local factors were studied regarding their relationship to levels of adaptation to heat. MMT is an indicator that allows for establishing a relationship to between mortality and temperature, and is a valid indicator to assess the capacity of adaptation to heat of a certain population. MMT is obtained through the maximum daily temperature and daily mortality of the study period. The evolution of MMT values for Spain was established in a previous paper. An ecological, longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out. Generalized linear models (GLM) were performed to identify the variables that appeared to be related to adaptation. The adaptation was calculated as the difference in variation in MMT based on the average increase in maximum daily temperatures. In terms of adaptation to heat, urban populations have adapted more than non-urban populations. Seventy-nine percent (n = 11) of urban provinces have adapted to heat, compared to twenty-one percent (n = 3) of rural provinces that have not adapted. In terms of urban zones, income level and habituation to heat (values over the 95th percentile) were variables shown to be related to adaptation. In contrast, among non-urban provinces, a greater number of housing rehabilitation licenses and a greater number of health professionals were variables associated with higher increases in MMT, and therefore, with adaptation. These results highlight the need to carry out studies that allow for identifying the local factors that are most relevant and influential in population adaptation. More studies carried out at a small scale are needed. [Display omitted] • In Spain urban provinces were better adapted to heat than non-urban provinces. • Income level and habituation to heat shown to be related to urban adaptation. • Housing rehab licenses & health professionals were related to no urban adaptation. • Heterogeneity detected in local factors suggest more studies at a small scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated growth in urban populations has become a powerful force for human development, particularly in developed countries. Metropolitan cities are centers for technical and economic advancement, but air pollution, overflowing of water, and other climate effects still pose significant problems related to nature, climate, and the environment. Cities are vulnerable to increasingly dense, diverse, and interdependent urban systems. A single extreme occurrence can contribute to a systemic break-up of a city's infrastructure, often like dominoes. In this paper, a dynamic integration-assisted population management solution (DI-PMS) has been proposed. DI-PMS recognizes that the latest facilities' optimal usage of knowledge and technologies is needed to increase urbanization. They are one of the critical priorities of the weather community. Such integrated urban weather, environmental, and climate services will help cities address dangers including storms, floods, heatwaves, and air pollution, especially in climate change. The goal is to create urban facilities that satisfy communities' unique needs by high-resolution forecasting and pollution reduction climate services, which allow the construction of durable, robust, and thriving cities that support the Sustainable Development Goals. Several recent international surveys to explore these topics have been undertaken. DI-PMS gives a brief description of urban hydrometeorological, climate and air pollution activities, outlines the new urban integrated weather and environmental services concept, and emphasizes the need for science to be implemented. • Literature and background of population management and environment. • Proposed dynamic integration-assisted population management. • Selected city for the study can be analyzed with a landscape design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) has far-reaching advantages and disadvantages on human beings. Nitrogen footprint (NF) is a tool to quantify the use of Nr in the environment. Food nitrogen footprint (FNF) accounts for the largest proportion of the total NF, and the differences between provinces in China exist objectively. In order to explore the spatial correlation and socio-economic driving factors of China's FNF, this paper uses N-calculator tool to calculate the FNF of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018, and uses exploratory spatial data to analyze the spatial correlation and changes of provincial FNF, The driving factors and spatial effects of FNF change in the province were analyzed by using spatial Durbin panel model and spatial regression partial differential method. The results showed that: (1) There is a significant and stable positive spatial dependence and heterogeneity in the FNF among provinces; (2) The direct effect factors of promoting the growth of FNF in the province are urban household Engel coefficient, per capita disposable income of rural residents and rural household Engel coefficient. The main factors of restraining the growth of FNF in the province are wastewater discharge per unit GDP and per capita GDP; (3) the spillover effect is mainly manifested as the negative effect of the increase of urban household Engel coefficient on neighboring provinces, and the spillover effect of per capita disposable income of urban residents and nitrogen fertilizer application rate per unit grain yield on the growth of FNF of neighboring provinces is significant. From the policy level, it is necessary to guide healthy and scientific eating habits, reduce the proportion of meat and fish in the diet structure, reduce the nitrogen fertilizer application per unit grain yield, and improve the efficiency of chemical fertilizer utilization. When formulating relevant policies, government departments should give consideration to the cooperation between provincial and regional governments. • N-calculator tool is used to calculate the FNF of 30 provinces in China. • Driving factors and spatial effects of FNF change in the province were analyzed. • The spatial Durbin panel model and spatial regression partial differential method are used for the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, eight years after the start of the Great Recession, average per capita revenue in the nation's largest central cities was 7% below pre-recession levels, a decline that in both depth and duration is the most severe in the post-war period. In this paper, we address the role of the housing market in this decline. We analyze the impact of the boom and subsequent collapse in housing prices and the unprecedented surge in mortgage foreclosures on the finances of central cities. To link city finances to housing conditions, we draw on a specially created data base that takes account of the revenues and spending of all the local governments that provide services to city residents. Our regression analysis, which employs data from 2000 through 2014 for 90 large central cities, finds statistically and economically significant effects of both housing price changes and foreclosure rate changes on property tax revenues. We also find that property tax levy limits dampened the fiscal response to the housing bubble and bust. During the housing bubble period, property tax revenues and capital expenditures rose significantly faster in non-levy limit cities than in cities subject to levy limits, but then fell more sharply during the housing bust period. We estimate that the direct effect of the housing bust was responsible for 21% of the decline in the general revenue of large central cities from 2009 to 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper examines the determinants and consequences of rural to urban registration (hukou) mobility in contemporary China, focusing on the link between social origins, hukou conversion, and the consequences of conversion. In contrast to massive rural–urban migration, hukou conversion is difficult and rare, but childhood urban residence increases the likelihood of achieving an urban hukou. Compared to people with urban origins, hukou converters are more likely to enter tertiary institutions, but are significantly less likely to do so subsequent to hukou conversion. Individual converters from rural origins are more likely to work in non-manual occupations. Collective converters earn significantly less than people with urban origins. Individual converters with rural childhoods, who used to be at the bottom of the society, are significantly happier than other urban residents, although they are less healthy. These results show that the effect of hukou conversion varies across hukou converters from different social origins. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Domestic gardens offer immense potential as sites for native biodiversity conservation. In urban areas they often comprise the largest land use, thus presenting an accessible and immediate way for urban dwellers to connect with nature and to support and enhance native biodiversity. This paper presents findings from a study of 55 domestic gardens undertaken in Dunedin, New Zealand, which explores householders'' relationships with their gardens. The study data was derived from two interviews with householders, two photo exercises (approximately a year apart), together with a number of biological studies of the gardens. Gardens proved to be very important for our householders; for physical and mental health, as an expression of ownership and identity, as sites for social relationships, for connecting with nature and as site of domestic produce production. Householders'' connections with nature were idiosyncratic, multifaceted and exhibited in ways that are more complex and varied than those usually considered by those working in the natural sciences and indeed biophilia supporters. We emphasize the importance of the people side of nature in seeking to build and support positive ecological change in the urban environment and the value of combining natural and social science approaches. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Australia’s system of tropical rivers constitutes one of the largest and least changed drainage networks in the world. However increasing demand for water in parts of Australia, along with ongoing drought, is driving pressure to develop these rivers. This paper reports the results of a choice experiment (CE) to assess the benefits of different management strategies for three tropical rivers in northern Australia: the Daly, Mitchell and Fitzroy Rivers. The CE was carried out using a survey mailed to Australian urban populations. The results showed that 90% of Australians were willing to pay a once-off payment for the management of tropical rivers. Respondents who had visited or lived near the rivers were willing to pay more for cultural, recreational and environmental services than those who had not. Respondents classed as ‘developers’, who made up only 4% of the 684 respondents, considered a substantial income from irrigated agriculture as important. Unlike ‘environmentalists’ and ‘neutrals’, ‘developers’ were unwilling to pay for high quality recreational fishing or for having floodplains in good environmental condition. All groups, however, were willing to pay for high cultural values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper investigates collective memory in inhabitants of two twin cities, Lviv (Ukraine, previously Lwów, Poland) and Wrocław (Poland, previously Breslau, Germany). Due to territorial changes in Eastern and Central Europe after World War II, the two cities changed their state belonging and—consequently—their populations. This study focused on memory of residence place and on its relationship with place identity and place attachment. A sample of 200 participants from three districts of Lviv and 301 participants from four districts of Wrocław were investigated on a number of issues, including reported place identity (city district, city, country region, nation, Europe, world, human being), place attachment (apartment, house, neighborhood, city district, city) and place memory (memory of the city, the city district, the street, and the house). Collective memory showed a powerful ethnic bias, equally strong in both cities, but with different underlying mechanisms: predictors of the bias were national identity in Lviv and demographic variables (age) and lack of place identity in Wrocław. Place (city) was constructed as national symbol in Lviv, and as an autonomous entity in Wrocław. Some evidence was also obtained that the degree to which place attachment is associated with the higher-order (national) or lower-order (local) identity predicts the amount of ethnic bias in perceptions of the pre-war past of the two cities. The findings are interpreted within the dual-process models of perception, here applied to perception of places. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Suburban residence is considered symbolic of the American dream. Despite growth in suburban minority and immigrant populations, the question of whether access to high quality residential environments is available to all households has gone largely unexplored. This paper helps fill this gap by evaluating nativity-status and racial/ethnic differences in a range of neighborhood conditions for both suburban and central city residents. The study relies on data from the 2001 panel of the American Housing Survey and focuses on a range of neighborhood conditions, including indicators of social disorder, measures rarely examined in studies of locational attainment. Contrary to expectations based on spatial assimilation theory, we find that many foreign-born households reside in significantly better neighborhoods than their native-born counterparts. In addition, when nativity-status differences are in the favor of native-born households, suburban location does not necessarily attenuate them. With respect to the effect of race/ethnicity, we find that it is generally a more consistent predictor than nativity status of households’ neighborhood conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The effect of the built environment on the quality of life of its residents is of growing interest. To investigate this properly, a method for measuring the physical condition of residential areas is required and this paper describes the development of such a tool. The Residential Environment Assessment Tool (REAT) is designed as a survey instrument, to be completed by an independent observer, to produce a contextual measure of a neighbourhood, reflecting both physical aspects and also the extent to which residents have established territoriality over the area. The tool is based on 28 items which are aggregated to give a total score, ranging between 0 and 68, and subdivided into 5 different domains to reflect different aspects of the environment. Inter-observer comparisons show that the tool is reliable, with kappa coefficients for most of the item scores exceeding 0.9. To investigate its validity the results were compared with responses to a detailed survey of individual residents and significant positive associations were found between most relevant items. The tool is being used for studies involving common mental disorders in the community and should be valuable for local authorities in targeting interventions to improve the physical condition of their area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents novel insights into the archaeology of food in ancient South Asia by using lipid residue analysis to investigate what kinds of foodstuffs were used in ceramic vessels by populations of the Indus Civilisation in northwest India. It examines how vessels were used in urban and rural Indus settlements during the Mature Harappan period (c.2600/2500–1900 BC), the relationship between vessels and the products within them, and identifies whether changes in vessel use occurred from the Mature Harappan to Late Harappan periods, particularly during climatic instability after 4.2 ka BP (c.2100 BC). Despite low lipid concentrations, which highlight challenges with conducting residue analysis in arid, seasonally-wet and alkaline environments, 71% of the vessels yielded appreciable quantities of lipid. Lipid profiles revealed the use of animal fats in vessels, and contradictory to faunal evidence, a dominance of non-ruminant fats, with limited evidence of dairy processing. The absence of local modern reference fats makes this dataset challenging to interpret, and it is possible that plant products or mixtures of plant and animal products have led to ambiguous fatty acid-specific isotopic values. At the same time, it appears that urban and rural populations processed similar types of products in vessels, with limited evidence for change in vessel use from the urban to the post-urban period. This study is a systematic investigation into pot lipid residues from multiple sites, demonstrating the potential of the method for examining ancient Indus foodways and the need for the development of further research in ancient organic residues in South Asia. • Systematic study on ceramic lipid residues from rural and urban sites of the Indus Civilisation in northwest India. • Lipid residue analysis provides chemical evidence for milk, meat, and possible mixtures of products and/or plant consumption. • Similarities in vessel use across settlements suggest common regional culinary practices. • Evidence for continuity in vessel usage practices after the decline of urbanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of a cross-sectional study conducted in Mexico City following the earthquake that occurred on September 19, 2017. The sample size of the study was N = 2400. The aim has been the study of people's emotional and behavioural responses during and immediately after the tremors. Some of the results and conclusions were the following: a). During the tremors, respondents coping reactions were related to escape, reaching and protecting people, and seeking shelter; b). The actions taken by the respondents immediately after the tremor were reuniting with family members, evacuation, and returning to houses; c). The emotional responses of the participants of the study were fear and surprise; d). The capital city's residents exhibited a relatively high percentage of prosocial behaviour during the seismic emergency response; e). More generally, the residents of the city should be trained on what to do during and after the tremors; moreover, key decision-makers should consider people's emotional and behavioural responses to tremors when designing plans for mass emergencies following earthquakes, such as the present case study. • Results of Mexico City residents' emotional & behavioural reactions to the 2017 earthquake. • During tremors, the reactions were escape, reaching and protecting people, seeking shelter. • After earthquake, the actions were reuniting with family members, evacuation, returning to houses. • The emotional reactions were fear followed by surprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the factors influencing consumer-perceived risks of genetically modified (GM) food by using a structural equation model and survey data of urban residents in China. The sample is divided into the acquainted and unacquainted groups according to consumers' objective knowledge level. An integrated analytical framework is developed. The results show that consumers' positive attitude towards GM technology has a significant negative effect on consumer-perceived risks and that more information reaching consumers significantly reduces consumer-perceived risks of GM food only for the unacquainted group. Consumers' trust in government, biotechnology scientists, press media and food companies does not significantly influence consumer-perceived risks of GM food. This is likely because consumers have low trust in the abovementioned stakeholders of GM food. Consumers think that the information reaching them is limited and does not clearly show the advantages and disadvantages of GM food. Consumers' objective knowledge of GM food is also limited. The health risks of GM food are of high concern for both consumer groups. These findings imply that the commercialization of GM crops in China is dependent on providing consumers with adequate and understandable information about GM food and strict supervision measures for food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]