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[Display omitted] • A series of 14-sulfonamide and sulfonate derivatives were designed and synthesized based on tetrandrine. • A, β-unsaturated carbonyl substitution enhanced the binding ability of tetrandrine to PI3K. • Compound 3c has about 20 folds higher inhibitory capacity on the proliferation of HCT116 cells than tetrandrine. • Compound 3c can significantly inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells in vivo without toxic effects. Tetrandrine (TET) possesses multiple pharmacological activities and could suppress tumor proliferation via PI3K pathway inhibition. However, inferior antitumor activity and potential toxicity limit its clinical application. In the present study, a series of 14-sulfonamide and sulfonate TET derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activities. Through structural-activity relationship studies, compound 3c with α, β-unsaturated carbonyl group exhibited the most potent activity against all tested tumor cell lines (including Hela, HCT116, HepG2, MCF-7, and SHSY5Y), as well as negligible toxicity against normal cell lines LO2 and HEK293. Additionally, compound 3c effectively inhibited HCT116 and CT26 cell proliferation in vitro with increased cell proportion in the G2/M phase, activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, and induced colon cancer cell apoptosis by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The further molecular docking results confirmed that compound 3c is potentially bound to multiple residues in PI3K with a stronger binding affinity than TET. Ultimately, compound 3c dramatically suppressed tumor growth in the CT26 xenograft tumor model, without noticeable visceral toxicity detected in the high-dose group. In summary, compound 3c might present new insights for designing new PI3K inhibitors and be a potential candidate for colon cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The density and surface tension for binary mixtures were measured. • A new function – molar surface quasi-Gibbs energy, g s , was obtained. • According to g s , a new Eӧtvӧs equation was obtained and applied to binary mixtures. • A new method for predicting the surface tension, γ , of the mixture is proposed. The IL (ionic liquid) 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide [MOEMIM][NTf 2 ] was prepared and confirmed by 1H NMR (1H nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and 13C NMR (13C nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. The density and surface tension for the binary mixtures of [MOEMIM][NTf 2 ] with methanol and ethanol were measured across the entire range of mole fraction (x 1 = 0.0000–1.0000) at T = (288.15–318.15) K. The average molar volumes of the binary mixtures were calculated from the experimental density, which increased with the increase of mole fraction and temperature. The excess molar volumes, V m E, were obtained and fitted by Redlich–Kister equation. The interaction between ionic liquid and alcohol is the strongest efficient packing and/or attractive interaction at the minimum point. The lower the temperature was, the smaller the absolute value of excess molar volume was. The new function – the molar surface quasi-Gibbs energy of mixtures was obtained by us in this work. On a basis of molar surface quasi-Gibbs energy of mixtures, a new Eӧtvӧs equation was obtained of mixtures and applied to binary mixtures of [MOEMIM][NTf 2 ] with alcohols. The absolute value of the slope of the new Eötvös equation is the mole surface entropy, s , and the intercept is the molar surface enthalpy, h , which is temperature-independent. The deviation of molar surface quasi-Gibbs energy, Δ g s , of mixtures for [MOEMIM][NTf 2 ] with methanol and ethanol were calculated. Δ g s was well fitted by Redlich–Kister equation. In terms of Redlich–Kister's parameters, A i , a new method for estimating the surface tension, γ , with any component of the mixtures is proposed and the estimated values, γ (est.), are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental ones, γ (exp.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of 2-aminopyridine derivatives 6 - 17 and tyrphostin AG17 analogs 18 - 22 bearing 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide moiety were designed and synthesized as anticancer compounds. The synthesized compounds were biologically evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. From 2-aminopyridine and tyrphostin AG17 series, compounds 14 , 16 and 20 showed the best activities with IC 50 values of 20.4, 18.3 and 26.3 µM, respectively compared to E7070 IC 50 36.3 µM. Further biological evaluation of 14 , 16 and 20 against cyclin dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) revealed good inhibitory activity with IC 50 of 2.53, 1.79 and 2.92 µM, respectively compared to roscovitine IC 50 0.43 µM. Additionally, capability of γ-radiation to augment the cytotoxic activity of 14 , 16 and 20 was studied and showed a dramatic increase in the cell killing effect at lower concentrations after irradiation. Docking was used to investigate the possible binding modes of compounds 14 , 16 and 20 inside the active site of CDK2 enzyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [C 2 mim] [Tf 2 N], as a non-polar phase in conjunction with polar ethylene glycol (EG) forms microemulsions stabilized by surface active ionic liquids (SAILs), N-methyl-N-alkylimidazolium chlorides, [C n mim] [Cl], where n = 8, 12 and 16 in conjunction with decanol as co-surfactant. The phase behaviour of the ternary systems has been investigated and three regions of microemulsions – polar-in-ionic liquid, bicontinuous and ionic liquid-in-polar, have been identified using electrical conductivity measurements. The effect of alkyl chain length on the phase behavior has been discussed in detail. The one-phase microemulsion region is found to decrease with the increase in the alkyl chain length of the SAILs. The microstructural characteristics have been investigated by using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The micropolarity of reverse micelles present in the microemulsions has been investigated using UV–Vis spectroscopy employing methyl orange as a polarity probe. The dynamics of solvent relaxation in microemulsions have been investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using coumarin 153 (C-153) as fluorescence probe at different compositions of microemulsions. The dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS) reveals the expansion of reverse micelles formed by [C n mim][Cl] in non polar [C 2 mim] [Tf 2 N] upon the addition of polar component. Interestingly, the microemulsions have been found to be thermally stable in a wide temperature range as revealed from temperature dependence UV–Vis, fluorescence and DLS measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotational spectrum of 2,4-difluorotoluene in the region 5–25 GHz has been studied by pulsed supersonic jet using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The tunneling splitting due to the methyl internal rotation in the ground torsional state could be unambiguously identified and the threefold ( V 3 ) potential barrier hindering the internal rotation of the methyl top was determined as 2.80144 (82) kJ/mol. The ground-state rotational parameters for the parent and seven 13 C isotopic species in natural abundance were determined with high accuracy, including all quartic centrifugal distortion constants. The electric dipole moment μ  = 1.805(42) D was obtained from Stark effect measurements. The molecular structure was derived using the substitution ( r s ) method. Supporting ab initio (MP2) calculations provided comparative values for the potential barrier and molecular parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid-liquid equilibrium for 1-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzene in nine solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetone, N , N -dimethylformamide, n -butanol, n -propanol, isopropanol) were determined at temperatures from 278.15 K to 318.15 K by using the isothermal saturation method under atmosphere pressure, and the solubility of 1-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzene in the solvents were analysed by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On the whole, the solubility obeyed the following order from high to low for the selected solvents: N , N -dimethylformamide > acetone > acetonitrile > ethyl acetate > methanol > ethanol > n -propanol > n -butanol > isopropanol. The four thermodynamic models, modified Apelblat equation, λh equation, Wilson model and NRTL model were used to describe the solubility results obtained. The largest values of relative average deviation ( RAD ) and root-mean-square deviations ( RMSD ) were 1.48% and 56.85 × 10 −4 , respectively. The calculated solubility with the four models agreed well with the experimental values. Furthermore, the mixing properties, including mixing Gibbs energy, mixing enthalpy, mixing entropy, activity coefficient at infinitesimal concentration ( γ 1 ∞ ) and reduced excess enthalpy ( H 1 E, ∞ ) were calculated for the dissolution process of 1-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzene in these solvents. The mixing process of 1-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzene was spontaneous and favourable in the selected solvents. The solubility of 1-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzene in different solvents and thermodynamic relations would be invoked as basic data and models for the purification process of 1-methyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activity coefficients at infinite dilution ( γ i ∞ ) and gas-liquid partition coefficients ( K L ) for organic solutes: n -alkanes, alkenes, alkyl benzenes, acetonitrile, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and chloromethanes in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([HMMIM][NTf 2 ]) have been measured by the gas-liquid chromatographic method (GLC) in the temperature range of (313.15–353.15) K. The thermodynamic functions at infinite dilution as partial molar excess enthalpies at infinite dilution ( H ‾ i E, ∞ ) were derived from the temperature dependence of the γ i ∞ values. Gibbs energies ( G ‾ i E, ∞ ) and entropies ( T ref S ‾ i E, ∞ ) of organic solutes in [HMMIM][NTf 2 ] at a reference temperature T ref = 298.15 K were also calculated from the γ i ∞ values. The solubility parameters of the IL [HMMIM][NTf 2 ] were determined by two methods. Selectivity ( S ij ∞ ) and capacity ( k j ∞ ) at infinite dilution at 323.15 K have been determined for n -hexane ( i )/benzene ( j ), cyclohexane ( i )/benzene ( j ). The results were analyzed in comparison to literature data for alkylimidazolium-based ILs with [NTf 2 ] − . For three isomeric xylenes separation problems, selectivity at 323.15 K were also obtained from the γ i ∞ values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] LLE for [C5mim][Tf2N] – (pyridine or thiophene) – hydrocarbon were determined. [•] The equilibrium data were well described with NRTL and UNIQUAC models. [•] Equilibrium in the seven-component systems was successfully predicted. [•] [C5mim][Tf2N] has potential for denitrification of real refinery FCC gasoline. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Physicochemical characteristics of two 1-alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ILs. [•] Similarities and differences between pyrrolidinium and imidazolium imides. [•] Volume and surface properties of [BMPyr][NTf2]+methanol or+acetonitrile. [•] Some properties of mixtures with [BMPyr][NTf2] and [BMIM][NTf2] are very close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The new full automatic solubility installation setup. [•] Solubility measurements data of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the [BMIM][NTf2]. [•] The Henry’s law constants as a function of temperature. [•] The Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sulfonyl or sulfonamide-based derivatives exhibited potential antibacterial activities. • Detailed explanation of structure–activity relationships (SAR). • EDGs and EWGs play a key role in increasing antibacterial activities. • Rational design and development of Sulfonyl or sulfonamide-based hybrids against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The rise of drug-resistance has made the deserted clinical requirement to improve of new classes of antibiotics agents. The development of antibacterial agents with the novel method of activity stays a high need worldwide. The treatment of bacterial infections remains a test in light of developing irresistible sicknesses and the expanding number of multidrug-resistance microbial pathogens. Therefore, there is a need for powerful activities to think of new successful therapeutic agents, and it is dire to find novel synthetic analogs against bacterial targets. The improvements of new, less harmful, minimum side-effort, and extremely dynamic sulfonyl or sulfonamide-bearing analogs are hot research topics in medicinal chemistry. This present review summarizes the current innovations of sulfonyl or sulfonamide-based derivatives with potential antibacterial activities against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and discussing its various aspects of structure-activity relationship (SAR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New conjugates of aryl sulfonyl hydrazone and 1,3-diaryl pyrazole were designed and synthesized. • They showed promising inhibition against NDM-1, IMP-1 and AIM-1 MBLs. • They exhibited promising ex vivo antibacterial activity against resistant clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. • They were able to re-sensitize resistant K. pneumoniae (K5) towards meropenem and cefalexin. • The docking experiments on NDM-1 and IMP-1 rationalized the observed in vitro MBLs inhibition activity. Based on a structure-guided approach, aryl sulfonyl hydrazones conjugated with 1,3-diaryl pyrazoles were designed to target metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), using Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 as a model. The in vitro MBLs inhibition showed remarkable inhibition constant for most of the designed compounds at a low micromolar range (1.5–16.4 µM) against NDM-1 , IMP-1 and AIM-1 MBLs. Furthermore, all compounds showed promising antibacterial activity against (K+, K1-K9) resistant clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and were able to re-sensitize resistant K. pneumoniae (K5) strain towards meropenem and cefalexin. Besides, in vivo toxicity testing exhibited that the most active compound was non-toxic and well tolerated by the experimental animals orally up to 350 mg/kg and up to 125 mg/kg parenterally. The docking experiments on NDM-1 and IMP-1 rationalized the observed in vitro MBLs inhibition activity. Generally, this work presents a fruitful matrix to extend the chemical space for MBLs inhibition. This aids in tackling drug-resistance issues in antibacterial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The four dilution of ILs [C 2 mim][NTf 2 , [C 2 mmim][NTf 2 , [C 4 mim][NTf 2 , [C 4 mmim][NTf 2 with DMC were prepared. • The viscosities of the systems have been measured and discussed. • The relative viscosity have also been calculated and discussed. • Influences of –CH 3 and –CH 2 CH 2 – group introduction on properties were discussed. The viscosity of four dilution solution systems was determined for ionic liquids (ILs) with Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) at lower concentration from 288.15 K to 313.15 K. The ILs include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C 2 mim][NTf 2), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C 4 mim][NTf 2), 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C 2 mmim][NTf 2), and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C 4 mmim][NTf 2). The viscosities of systems have been discussed at studied concentration from 288.15 to 313.15 K. The temperature dependence on viscosities was fitted according to the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation. The activation energies for viscous flow have been obtained from Arrhenius equation at different concentration range. The relative viscosities (η r) were also calculated and analyzed according to the Jones–Dole equation at different molar concentration ranges. The slopes of the parameter, B -coefficient/dm3·mol−1, dependence on temperature, T /K have also been discussed according to the methyl and methylene groups introduction. The effects of methyl or methylene group introduction on ILs cation have also been discussed to solute–solute or solute–solvent interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• β -carboline linked aryl sulfonyl piperazine conjugates were synthesized. • Compounds 8ec and 8ed showed significant cytotoxicity on MG-63 cell line. • The cell cycle analysis and assayed for DNA topo II inhibition study. • DNA binding and molecular docking was done for active compounds. A series of new β -carboline linked aryl sulfonyl piperazine congeners have been synthesized by coupling various β -carboline acids with substituted aryl sulfonyl piperazines. Evaluation of their anticancer activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines such as colon (HT-29), breast (MDA-MB-231), bone osteosarcoma (MG-63), brain (U87 MG), prostate (PC- 3) and normal monkey kidney (Vero) cell line has been done. Among the series, compound 8ec and 8ed has shown most potent cytotoxicity with an IC 50 values of 2.80 ± 0.10 µM and 0.59 ± 0.28 µM respectively against MG-63 cell line and also potent on other cell lines tested. Compounds 8ec and 8ed was found to inhibit Topo II that is confirmed by specific Topo II inhibition assay. DNA binding studies, cell cycle analysis, Annexin V study indicate that these compounds has potential anticancer activity. Molecular docking studies for compound 8ec and 8ed are incorporated to understand the nature of interaction with topoisomerase IIα and dsDNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]