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Obesity has been recognized as a low-grade, chronic inflammatory disease that leads to an increase in obesity-associated disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), fatty liver diseases and cancer. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an effective drug for T2D, and it not only has glucose-regulating effects but also has anti-inflammatory effects in obesity. In our previous study, we designed a novel GLP-1 analogue, (E X -4) 2 -Fc, which has been shown to reduce body weight and improve glucose tolerance in vivo. In this study, we observed that (E X -4) 2 -Fc also has anti-inflammatory functions in adipose tissue. After the treatment of diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with (E X -4) 2 -Fc, we found that the inflammatory response in adipose tissue was significantly attenuated. (Ex-4) 2 -Fc can reduce obesity-associated proinflammatory cytokine levels and macrophage numbers in DIO mice. In addition, (E X -4) 2 -Fc treatment resulted in proinflammatory M1-type macrophages beginning to transform into anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. The inflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were altered in adipose tissue after (E X -4) 2 -Fc treatment. Leptin has been proven to be closely related to immunity, and we demonstrated that the effect of (E X -4) 2 -Fc on adipocyte inflammation was related to leptin. The data suggested that (E X -4) 2 -Fc could modulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of leptin in adipose tissue. F0B7 (Ex-4) 2 -Fc could profoundly ameliorate obesity-induced inflammation in the adipose tissues of the DIO mice. F0B7 (Ex-4) 2 -Fc promotes the polarization of M2 macrophages in adipose tissue. F0B7 (Ex-4) 2 -Fc modulates the MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways in adipose tissue. F0B7 (E X -4) 2 -Fc suppresses obesity-related inflammation by inhibiting leptin secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the survival rate of hematological malignancies (HM) has increased in recent years, the unnecessary adverse effect to the body is usually generated by the traditional chemotherapy for HM due to the lack of specificity to tumor tissue. Nanodrug delivery systems have exhibited unique advantages in targetability, stability and reducing toxicity, attracting wide concern, which is expected to be the prevalent alternative for the treatment of HM. In this review, we systemically introduced the current therapeutic strategies and the categories of HM. Subsequently, five key factors including circulation, targeting, penetration, internalization and release involving in tailoring nanoparticles were demonstrated, followed by the introduction of the development of nanodrug delivery—traditional synthetic nanomaterilas, biomimetic cell membrane coating nanomaterials, cell-based nanomaterials as well as immunotherapy combined with nanodrug. Afterwards, the recent advances of nanodrug delivery system for the treatment of HM were introduced. Moreover, the challenge and prospect of nanodrug delivery system in treating HM were discussed. The promising drug delivery system will provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of HM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the survival rate of hematological malignancies (HM) has increased in recent years, the unnecessary adverse effect to the body is usually generated by the traditional chemotherapy for HM due to the lack of specificity to tumor tissue. Nanodrug delivery systems have exhibited unique advantages in targetability, stability and reducing toxicity, attracting wide concern, which is expected to be the prevalent alternative for the treatment of HM. In this review, we systemically introduced the current therapeutic strategies and the categories of HM. Subsequently, five key factors including circulation, targeting, penetration, internalization and release involving in tailoring nanoparticles were demonstrated, followed by the introduction of the development of nanodrug delivery—traditional synthetic nanomaterilas, biomimetic cell membrane coating nanomaterials, cell-based nanomaterials as well as immunotherapy combined with nanodrug. Afterwards, the recent advances of nanodrug delivery system for the treatment of HM were introduced. Moreover, the challenge and prospect of nanodrug delivery system in treating HM were discussed. The promising drug delivery system will provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of HM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a type of nanomaterials with enzyme-mimetic catalytic properties, nanozymes have attracted wide concern in biological detection. H 2 O 2 was the characteristic product of diverse biological reactions, and the quantitative analysis for H 2 O 2 was an important way to detect disease biomarkers, such as acetylcholine, cholesterol, uric acid and glucose. Therefore, there is of great significance for developing a simple and sensitive nanozyme to detect H 2 O 2 and disease biomarkers by combining with corresponding enzyme. In this work, Fe-TCPP MOFs were successfully prepared by the coordination between iron ions and porphyrin ligands (TCPP). In addition, the peroxidase (POD) activity of Fe-TCPP was proved, in detail, Fe-TCPP could catalyze H 2 O 2 to produce ·OH. Herein, glucose oxidase (GOx) was chosen as the model to build cascade reaction by combining Fe-TCPP to detect glucose. The results indicated glucose could be detected by this cascade system selectively and sensitively, and the limit of detection of glucose was achieved to 0.12 μM. Furthermore, a portable hydrogel (Fe-TCPP@GEL) was further established, which encapsulated Fe-TCPP MOFs, GOx and TMB in one system. This functional hydrogel could be applied for colorimetric detection of glucose by coupling with a smartphone easily. Nanozyme of Fe-TCPP and corresponding hydrogel were constructed, and they were further developed to detect glucose. [Display omitted] • A simple and efficient nanozyme for the detection of glucose is reported. • A universal hydrogel system containing both natural enzymes and nanozymes is developed. • Fe-TCPP@GEL could carry out the quantitative analysis of glucose by coupling with a smartphone easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]