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• The differences in the suppression mechanisms of radial and axial magnetic errors in the PMFOG with orthogonal polarization states are analyzed theoretically, and the corresponding experimental verifications are carried out, which the suppression effect of the radial and axial magnetic errors could be achieved 10.07 dB and 2.9 dB, respectively. • The Poincare sphere model of the evolution process of the polarization state in the PMFC is established, which intuitively reflects the radial magnetic error can be effectively suppressed in the system. • The influence of different polarization state on magnetic error were compared and analyzed under the different magnetic field, and the radial and axial magnetic error achieved a different degree of suppression effect by utilizing orthogonal polarization states respectively. In this paper, a polarization-maintaining fiber optical gyro (PMFOG) based on orthogonal polarization states is constructed. The clockwise light and counterclockwise light in the PMFOG pass through the same fiber coil with X/Y polarization and Y/X polarization respectively. Theory and experiments have shown that this system not only doubles the sensitivity of the PMFOG at the same length, but also suppresses the magnetic error obviously compared with the single-polarization PMFOG. The Poincare sphere model is established in the PMFOG with orthogonal polarization states under the radial magnetic field, which intuitively shows that magnetic error is opposite in the orthogonal polarization state, and can offset through each other. The radial magnetic error is suppressed from 0.112°/h/Gs to 0.011°/h/Gs, and the suppression reaches 10.07 dB. Meanwhile, the axial magnetic error is suppressed from 0.183°/h/Gs to 0.092°/h/Gs, achieving a suppression effect of 2.9 dB. The results of this research are of great significance to the miniaturization, the improvement of signal-to-noise ratio, and the optimization of environmental adaptability in fiber optic gyroscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]