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Lanthanide ion (Ln3+)-doped nanoscale hydroxyapatites (nHAp) with tunable luminescence have attracted increasing attention due to their potential applications as useful biomedical tools (e.g., imaging and clinical therapy). In this study, we reported that doping Terbium (III) ions (Tb3+) in self-activated luminescent nHAp via a facile hydrothermal reaction, using trisodium citrate (Cit3−), generates unique emission-tunable probes known as Cit/Tb-nHAp. The morphology, crystal phase, and luminescence properties of these Cit/Tb-nHAp probes are studied in detail. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the luminescence of self-activated nHAp originates from the carbon dots trapped within the nHAp crystals, in which partial energy transfer occurs from carbon dots (CDs) to Tb3+. The color tunability is successfully achieved by regulating the addition of Cit3−. Biocompatibility study indicates that when co-cultured with C6 glioma cells in vitro for 3 days, ≤800 ppm Cit/Tb-nHAp is not cytotoxic for C6 glioma cells. We also present in vitro data showing efficient cytoplasmic localization of transferrin conjugated Cit/Tb-nHAp into C6 glioma cells by fluorescence cell imaging. We have successfully engineered Cit/Tb-nHAp, a promising biocompatible agent for future in vitro and in vivo fluorescence bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of 3-acetylcoumarin derivative, Ruthenium(III) complex and Nano ZnO-Ru(III) complex. • Morphology and particle size of Nano ZnO-Ru(III) complex is observed through SEM and TEM analysis which supported with XRD results. • The DNA cleavage evaluation of compounds showed greater activity. • Ru(III) complex exhibited potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 and K-562 cell lines than the ligand. • The cell imaging of Nano ZnO-Ru(III) complex against L6 rat skeletal muscle cell line showed superior fluorescence at 100 μg/mL. The uniqueness of nanofunctionalized metal complexes would play a prominent role in medicinal chemistry, especially in cancer chemotherapy. Among the metal based chemotherapeutic drugs, ruthenium complexes exhibit different oxidation states, lower toxicity and remarkable antitumor activities than other anticancer drugs. In this investigation bioactive ruthenium(III) complex has been synthesized from novel coumarin derivative and it is functionalized with nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) under well defined condition. An octahedral geometry is proposed for the ruthenium complex based on analytical and spectrochemical characterization techniques (UV, FT-IR and NMR). The g|| and g⊥ values obtained from the ESR spectrum indicated high symmetry and octahedral field around ruthenium ion. The XRD patterns of all synthesized compounds explicit average particle sizes are nanometer range. The morphology and particle size of Nano ZnO-Ru(III) complex is also confirmed by using SEM and TEM analysis. The nanofunctionalized material exhibited enhanced fluorescence emissions at 674 nm and 681 nm. The evaluation of DNA cleavage study indicated compounds were effectively cleaved supercoiled pUC18 DNA by gel electrophoresis method. The examinations of in-vitro anticancer activities of compounds were studied against human breast (MCF-7) and leukemia (K-562) cancer cell lines. The ruthenium complex showed greater effect against MCF-7 with < 10 IC50 value. Nowadays, the cell imaging property of nanofunctionalized materials receive more attention. The fluorescence microscopic images of Nano ZnO-Ru(III) complex displayed higher luminescence at 100 μg/ mL against L6 rat skeletal muscle cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N, S/C-dots) were prepared via one-pot hydrothermal treatment of citric acid and cystamine dihydrochloride. The as-prepared N, S/C-dots exhibited excellent excitation-wavelength-independent photoluminescence property and higher fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of 39.7% compared to C,N - dots (QY = 2.6%) prepared using citric acid and 1,6-diaminohexane dihydrochloride as the precursor. The N, S/C-dots were well-dispersed in aqueous solution and showed good photoluminescence stabilities in different pH and temperature without any surface modification. Additionally, the fluorescence of N, S/C-dots can be quenched based on inner filter effect (IFE) upon the addition of Cr(VI) and showed good selectivity and sensitivity to Cr(VI). The detection for Cr(VI) exhibited a good linear correlation ranging from 1 to 80 μM with a detection limit of 0.86 μM. What’s more, in comparison with other quantum dots and organic dyes, these N, S/C-dots were much more eco-friendly and can be used for multicolor bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]