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The mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 ( MASP-1 ) gene is a crucial component of the lectin pathway in the complement and coagulation cascade. Although MASP-1 has been found in the immune system of teleosts, its immune functions in response to bacterial infection are unclear. In this study, we identified a MASP-1 homolog ( gcMASP-1 ) in the grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ). The full-length 3308-bp gcMASP-1 cDNA includes a 2160-bp open reading frame encoding a protein composed of 719 amino acids with epidermal growth factor-like, complement control protein, and trypsin-like domains. gcMASP-1 shares a high similarity with MASP-1 counterparts in other species, and it is most closely related to Cyprinus carpio MASP-1 and Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis MASP-1. Transcription of gcMASP-1 was widely distributed in different tissues and induced by Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro . Expression of gcMASP-1 was also affected by lipopolysaccharide and flagellin stimulation in vitro . In cells over-expressing gcMASP-1 , transcript levels of almost all components, except gcMBL and gcC5 , were significantly enhanced, and gcIL1β , gcTNF-α , gcIFN , gcCD59 , gcC5aR1 , and gcITGβ-2 were significantly upregulated after exposure to A. hydrophila ; gcMASP-1 interference downregulated the transcript levels after A. hydrophila challenge. In addition, gcMASP-1 activated NF-κB signaling. These findings indicate the vital role of gcMASP-1 in innate immunity in C. idella . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]