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ESG investment and financing is a response to global warming and toxic carbon emissions. This is because market and financial development is expected to contribute to de-carbonisation in relevant firms. However, the opposite might occur with carbon-intensive industries. An option is to introduce a carbon tax or an emissions cap but this varies across countries. The impact of environmental policies and the development of financial markets are thus relevant factors to analyse in the debate regarding the best pathways to reduce pollution. This impact is not conclusive in extant studies. In order to meet this gap and to devise effective solutions to this problem, the mechanisms behind them need to be empirically clarified. To achieve this research objective, this study analyses the impact of these factors on welfare through pollution and growth. It examines the respective regulatory regimes of environmental taxes and emission quotas, using an R&D-based growth model with a monetary component. This is to identify the relationship between pollution emissions and financial markets. Results reveal that increasing environmental taxes and reducing nominal interest rates does in fact lead to pollution reduction and economic growth, as well as an increase in the quantity of money and credit through deflation. Reducing emission allowances has a similar effect. However, under emission quotas, it is found that a reduction in the nominal interest rate affects neither pollution emissions nor economic growth, although it does affect the quantity of money and credit. This is because the Fisher effect disappears when the emission quota caps output. A U-shaped relationship between emission allowances and the amount of credit then arises. Under an emissions trading system, the relationship between pollution emissions and financial development can be a win-win relationship or a trade-off relationship. This depends on the emission quota and nominal interest rate. These results suggest that, in addition to environmental policy instruments, financial market development can contribute to decarbonisation if there is the right environmental financial policy. A mix of environmental and financial policies is thus important in linking financial market development to decarbonisation. • Lower inflation, less pollution and economic growth by environmental tax increases. • Interest rate cuts lead to higher inflation, increased pollution and lower growth. • The tax and the interest rate have an inverse U-shaped relationship with welfare. • Under permits trading, interest rate cuts have no impact on pollution and growth. • Win-win relationship or trade-off between financial market and pollution reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting green and low-carbon development has become the consensus of the policymakers and the academic, with green transformation of enterprises being the top priority. This paper adopts the difference-in-difference model to investigate the effect of green credit policy on green transition in China, by utilizing the "Green Credit Guidelines" (2012 Guidelines) policy as a quasi-natural experiment. Using panel data from publicly listed companies in China, an empirical investigation is conducted, we explain the dependent variable from two dimensions: economic performance and environmental performance, leading to the following results. First, the green credit policy affects the economic performance and environmental performance of treated firms positively, and the robust tests confirm the reliability of this primary conclusion. Second, the indirect impact of green credit policy on green transition can be explained through two mediating mechanism channels including internal capacity building and external market attention. In addition, the proposal of "Dual Carbon Targets" makes the impact a slight change. Finally, heterogeneous test also shows that the implementation effect of green credit policy is better in non-state-owned enterprises with high political relevance. These findings are providing valuable insights to promote green transition by designing more effective green credit policies. • We identify the effect of green credit policy on green transition. • We employ multiple econometric models to ensure the robustness. • We provide the empirical evidence for heterogeneity. • We investigate the intermediary channels from two ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid developments in environmental infrastructure have contributed to significant improvements in green total factor productivity, but further investigation is required to provide a detailed assessment to understand the policy mechanisms involved. This paper analyzes environmental progress in China through MMQR, CCEMG, and AMG as empirical strategies for 30 provinces in China. Our empirical results reveal that energy optimization through renewable energy is the most effective channel to improve green total factor productivity, though it is not the only available option. Since environmental regulations, infrastructure development, and green technology innovation also directly impact energy efficiency, adopting these within policy channels will positively impact environmental sustainability. Our empirical approach helps suggest novel environmental policy suggestions. In particular, policymakers must introduce structural changes within energy developments to foster renewable energy. Furthermore, China must increase environmental spending to upgrade its energy infrastructure further and solve ecological issues. These insights offer valuable policy guidance for decision-makers in China and globally, aiming to foster economic and environmental sustainability and achieve zero-carbon transition goals. • The current study analyses the role of green factor productivity in zero carbon transition. • We use 30 chinese provincial datasets from 2005 to 2020. • Energy transition is the most effective channel to improve green total factor productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the unique perspective of local environmental regulations promulgated in Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2018, this paper examines the impact of urban environmental legislation on green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE). The results show that implementing environmental legislation significantly improves local GTFEE , with comprehensive protection regulations contributing to local energy efficiency improvements, while the impact of pollution prevention regulations is insignificant. This conclusion remains robust to multiple scenarios. Potential mechanisms through which environmental legislation can guide urban green transition include the industrial upgrading effect represented by "clean industry development" and "polluting industry exit", as well as the technical innovation effect achieved through "new technology generation" and "old technology upgrading". Furthermore, environmental legislation with a higher degree of regulatory effectiveness has a greater potential for energy saving. Environmental legislation has a more significant impact on improving GTFEE in cities in non-old industrial bases, with less frequent turnover of officials, and in central and western regions in China. This study evaluates the positive impact of urban environmental legislation on GTFEE , aiming to advancing the rule of law in local environmental pollution governance and thereby promote urban green transition. • Use a Difference-in-Differences model to explore the effect of urban environmental legislation. • Environmental legislation guides urban green transition development. • The impact of heterogeneous urban environmental regulations on green transition development. • Industrial upgrading and Technical innovation have positive mediating roles. • Environmental legislation policy has city attributes, official turnover and location heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce nine papers on sustainable resource dynamics. In addition, we provide analytical results on the effect of stochastic damages on optimal economic growth, the effects of habits and loss aversion on the cost-benefit discount rate, and the effect of a carbon budget and carbon capture and storage (CCS) on optimal investment in technical change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep is pivotal to health, wellbeing and functioning in daily life, but sleep difficulties are common and may be affected by modifiable qualities in the residential surrounding environment, in terms of greenspace. However, population-based studies on individual-level greenspace and sleep are limited. The objective of the current study was thus to investigate prospective associations between fine-grained individual-level residential greenspace and sleep, and moderating effects of life style (physical activity, work status) and sex, in a nationwide population-based Swedish cohort. Participants of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH)—a population-based sample of adults in Sweden—were studied during 2014–2018 (19,375 individuals; 43,062 observations). Residential greenspace land cover, and coherent green area size, were assessed via high resolution geographic information systems, at 50, 100, 300, 500 and 1000 m buffers around residences. Prospective greenspace and sleep associations were assessed via multilevel general linear models, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic (individual and neighborhood), life style and urban factors. Higher greenspace availability in the immediate residential surroundings (50 m and 100 m buffer zones) was associated with less sleep difficulties, even after adjustment for confounders. Greenspace effects were generally greater among non-working individuals. Among the physically active, and among non-working, greenspace and green area size further away from home (300, 500 and 1000 m, i.e. dependent on mobility) were also associated with less sleep difficulties. Residential greenspace in the immediate residential surroundings is associated with significantly less sleep difficulties. Greenspace further away from home was associated with better sleep especially among the physically active, and non-working individuals. The results highlight the importance of greenspace in the immediate residential-surrounding environment for sleep, and the need to integrate health and environmental policies, urban planning and greening. • Greenspace in immediate residential surrounding is associated with better sleep. • Greenspace-sleep associations are stronger among non-working, who may be more exposed. • Greenspace further away is associated with sleep primarily among physically active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the alarming rate of climate change and environmental degradation, major countries are seeking ways to curtail environmental damage and attain sustainability in the future. In the quest for a green economy, countries are motivated to adopt renewable energy that can assist in resource conservation and efficiency. Accordingly, this study examines the diverse effects of the underground economy, environmental policy strictness, geopolitical risk, gross domestic product, carbon emissions, population, and oil prices on renewable energy for 30 high- and middle-income countries from 1990 to 2018. The empirical outcomes based on quantile regression document significant variations across two country groups. For instance, for high-income countries, the shadow economy has a detrimental effect across all quantiles but it is statistically significant at the top quantiles. Nonetheless, the effect of the shadow economy on renewable energy is detrimental and significant statistically across all quantiles for middle-income countries. In the context of environmental policy stringency, the effect is positive across both country groups, though there is heterogeneity in outcomes. Geopolitical risk has a positive influence on the deployment of renewable energy for high-income countries but negatively impacts renewables for middle-income countries. As far as policy suggestions are concerned, the policymakers of both high- and middle-income countries need to take steps to constrain the growth of the shadow economy by adopting effective policy strategies. Policies need to be implemented for middle income-countries to reduce the unfavorable effect of geopolitical uncertainty. The findings of this study contribute to a better and more precise understanding of factors shaping the role of renewables whereby the energy crisis would be mitigated. • Effect of shadow economy, environmental regulation, and geopolitical risk on renewable energy. • Empirical results are provided based on panel quantile approach. • Shadow economy hinders but environmental regulation encourages renewables. • Geopolitical risk promotes (dampens) renewable energy in high- (middle-) income countries. • Impacts are heterogeneous across the distribution of renewable energy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Servitization is a process adopted by some industries and companies to create competitive advantage and increase the value of physical products by adding services. Manufacturing companies may decide to integrate a product–service system into their activities. However, there is no clear evidence of the effects of servitization on performance or sustainability, particularly in a circular economy. The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of servitization on sustainability in a sample of 208 European listed manufacturing companies by investigating corporate sustainability disclosure, environmental performance, and policies. Using the business descriptions in the Bloomberg database, we identified two groups of companies: "pure manufacturers" and "non-pure manufacturers." We examined potential differences in sustainability between the two groups resulting from servitization. Data were collected for the fiscal year 2016. Our findings suggest that servitization leads to improved energy consumption and therefore enhances environmental performance. However, servitization had no effect on corporate sustainability disclosure and other environmental policies such as environmental assurance, emissions reduction policies, and environmental supply chain management. Highlights • Assessment of the relationships between servitization and some sustainability actions. • Comparison between two groups of listed European manufacturing companies. • Servitization leads to an improvement in energy consumption. • Servitization is not effective with respect to corporate sustainability disclosure. • Servitization is not effective with respect to the some environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study uses a longitudinal cross-national carcass database to analyze the relative effectiveness of community-based and national governance approaches at conserving elephant populations. Controlling for variables previously identified as impacting poaching levels, an increase in land area under either community or national governance is found to be correlated with an increased likelihood of illegal elephant deaths, with community-based governance being associated with an increase roughly twice that of national governance. This finding suggests that community-based governance may be less effective than national governance at protecting commercially valuable wildlife such as elephants, but neither approach has been able to demonstrate sustained success. Consequently, rather than declaring either conservation approach as clearly preferable, policymakers should instead focus on ensuring that selected conservation approaches are tailored to site-specific natural, institutional, and socio-economic characteristics. Highlights • This study compared the effectiveness of CBNRM and national governance approaches. • Both approaches were correlated with a higher likelihood of illegal elephant kills. • The increase was less for national governance than for CBNRM. • But, both approaches have a similar range of outcomes; neither is clearly superior. • Policymakers should use approaches tailored to site-specific characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Arsenic contaminated shallow aquifers evaluation, mitigation, and management strategies are the challenging task to all the hydrologist and provide a safe drinking water demand in the Holocene age, alluvial aquifers. To manage and mitigate such problems, we used numerical groundwater modeling software (GMS 10.2), for the development of 3D transient state predictive (groundwater flow and contaminant transport) conceptual model for two topographically different arsenic contaminated regions. The models were built by using the measured hydro-geological data, empirical values, and equations. Groundwater flow calibration, sensitivity analyses, and validation were performed for each soil parameters, varying boundary conditions and for alternate meteorological scenarios. The MODFLOW results suggested that, the distribution of As contaminant was directly controlled by the complex hydrostratigraphy, surface water bodies and indirectly controlled by the change in meteorological conditions. The MT3DMS model, for As contaminant transport, used for the assessment of shallow and deeper aquifers. The results showed that the downward movement of As has made the deeper aquifer unsafe for drinking water and irrigation purposes. However, the aquifers and regions with high flushing capability, negligible vertical hydraulic conductivity can be delineated as As safe groundwater source, irrespective of their sediment color. Therefore, for the geogenic source of As , both the simulation results inferred that to estimate and mitigate As contaminant groundwater aquifers or regions, the numerical modeling solution is a technically viable means an effective decision-making tool. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Evaluation of groundwater flow and Arsenic contaminant transport by numerical modeling. • Geogenic source of arsenic was controlled by complex hydrostratigraphy. • Delineate arsenic safe region in alluvial flood plain at regional scale study area. • Management of sustainable groundwater resources and alternatives policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce carbon emissions and pursue sustainable economic development, China's central government formulated the low-carbon city pilot (LCCP) policy. Current studies focus primarily on the impact of the policy at the macro level (provinces and cities). So far, no study has looked at the impact of the LCCP policy on companies' environmental expenditures. Besides, as the LCCP policy is a weak-constraining central policy, it is interesting to see how it works at the company level. We employ company-level empirical data and the Propensity Score Matching – Difference in Differences (PSM-DID) method, which outperforms the traditional DID model in avoiding sample selection bias, to address the above issues. We concentrate on the second phase of the LCCP policy from 2010 to 2016, encompassing 197 listed companies in China's secondary and transportation industries. Our statistical results show that if the listed company's host city has piloted the LCCP policy, the company's environmental expenditures are reduced by 0.91 points at the 1% significance level. The above finding calls attention to the policy-implementation gap between the central and the local governments in China, which may make those weak-constraining central policies like the LCCP policy have purpose-defeating outcomes at the company level. • Company-level analysis of the low-carbon pilot city (LCCP) policy in China is limited. • This study encompasses 197 listed companies in China's secondary and transportation industries. • This is the first study measuring the impact of the LCCP policy on the environmental expenditures of listed companies. • Statistical results show that the LCCP policy significantly dampens listed companies' environmental expenditures in China. • Weak-constraining central policies like the LCCP policy may have purpose-defeating outcomes at the company level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnobotany is an adequate tool to identify the most import wild edible plants used by local people and to develop strategies for its sustainable use and policy making. This research records the wild edible plants used by the inhabitants of the Sierra la Laguna Biosphere Reserve, in Mexico, and identified priority species for sustainable development. The employed quantitative approach included the application of a food-oriented index named Food Significance Index (FSI), which integrated cultural, agricultural and food parameters; moreover, it used multivariate analysis to identify priority edible species for use and/or conservation. Fifty taxa were identified as the most important wild edible plants in the reserve, integrated into five priority groups. Foods in priority group 1 had the highest culinary diversity by grouping three fruits ( Ficus petiolaris , Stenocereus thurberi , and Cyrtocarpa edulis ), one almond-like seed ( Cnidoscolus maculatus ), one vegetable ( Matelea cordifolia ), and one condiment ( Capsicum annuum ). Priority groups 2–5 were selective for one or two types of food, such as fruits, teas, or seeds. Since group 1 was the most diverse, the FSI and the employed strategy permitted to identify the priority wild edible plant species with the highest potential for food security. The selected six species should be included in the future management program of the reserve as the priority wild edible plants to develop strategies for conservation, sustainable use, and improvement of the local population income. General policies to manage the selected six species are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the technological interdependencies between green and non-green inventions. First, we look at whether inventive activities in environmentally-friendly domains depend on patenting in related technological domains that are not green. Based on patent data filed over the 1978–2014 period, we estimate a spatial autoregressive model using co-occurrence matrices to capture technological interdependencies. Our first finding highlights that the development of green technologies strongly relies on advances in other green and in particular non-green technological domains, whose relevance for the green economy is usually neglected. Building on this insight, we detect the non-green interdependent technologies that co-occur with green ones and assess whether environmental policies affect this particular instantiation of technologies at the country level. The results of the instrumental variable approach confirm that while environmental policies spur green patenting, they do not displace the development of the non-green technological pillars upon which green inventions develop. However, at the same time, environmental policies do not enhance patenting in non-green interdependent technologies which would speed-up the transition towards sustainable economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the drivers of distribution of pollution-intensive enterprises (PIEs) at the intraurban level that are less studied. Employing the complete spatial database of PIEs obtained from the National Economic Census of 2004, 2008, and 2013, the paper analyses the spatial restructuring of PIEs within Foshan, China, a typical manufacturing city in transition. We find that the changing role of environmental regulation induced by the environmental policy regime transformation has resulted in the siting strategy shift of PIEs, and both the 'Pollution Haven Hypothesis' and the 'Porter Hypothesis' have been overly simplified in the research conducted at the regional or global level. Based on the Foshan case, we further conceptualize the pattern of spatial restructuring of PIEs that would help to understand the fast green economy transition taking place in Chinese cities, followed by some policy and research implications. • The relocation and drivers of polluting firms at a local level are studied. • The environmental policy regime shift leads to the siting strategy shift of firms. • Polluting firms initially seek a pollution haven before 2008. • New firms after 2008 site in areas with strict environmental regulation. • The local government motivation is more important in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the ‘storyline’ of the early and recent growth of sustainable remediation (SR) practice in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), in order to inform and support other SR stakeholders, and to identify some lessons learned. Achievement of full acceptance and consistency across relevant ANZ regulatory jurisdictions and industry sectors will take time and will require publication of successful examples of SR application. The article describes the respective policy and regulatory contexts for sustainable remediation practice in Australia and in New Zealand; several milestone activities and events in the growth of SR in ANZ; and example SR methodologies and policies produced by stakeholders and remediation practitioners including the Sustainable Remediation Forum of Australia and New Zealand (SuRF ANZ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As dangerous climate change looms, decision-makers are increasingly realising that societies will need to adapt to this threat as well as mitigate against it. Green infrastructure (GI) is increasingly seen as an ideal climate change adaptation policy response. However, with this research the authors identify a number of crucial knowledge gaps within GI and, consequently, call for caution and for a concerted effort to understand the concept and what it can really deliver. GI has risen to prominence in a range of policy areas in large part due to its perceived ability to produce multiple benefits simultaneously, termed ‘multifunctionality’. This characteristic strengthens the political appeal of the policy in question at a time when environmental issues have slipped down political agendas. Multifunctionality, however, brings its own set of new challenges that should be evaluated fully before the policy is implemented. This research takes important first steps to developing a critical understanding of what is achievable within GI's capacity. It focuses on one of GI's single objectives, namely climate change adaptation, to focus the analysis of how current obstacles in applying GI's multifunctionality could lead to the ineffective delivery of its objective. By drawing on expert opinion from government officials and representatives from the private, non-government organisation (NGO) and academic sectors, this research questions GI's ability to be effectively ‘multifunctional’ with an inconsistent definition at its core, deficiencies in its understanding and conflicts within its governance. In light of these observations, the authors then reflect on the judiciousness of applying GI to achieve the other objectives it has also been charged with delivering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development agenda has been driving the global debate on environmental policy for several years now. Developed countries have stricter environmental controls and are under pressure from international agencies to cut pollution. However, many of these countries have been accused of using Foreign Direct Investment to shift their environmental burden to countries with lower environmental restrictions, rather than reducing their overall environmental impact. Should developed countries continue to transfer their emissions? What role does the energy structure of recipient countries play in this investment? A Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model was carried out for a set of 15 OECD countries, from 2005 to 2018. The main findings upheld the Pollution Halo hypothesis. However, they also confirmed the Pollution Haven hypothesis, which was unexpected for developed countries, with their higher environmental standards. It seems that Foreign Direct Investment may increase pollution by increasing overall energy consumption, rather than by transferring polluting industries. Foreign Direct Investment inflows seem to be more environmentally friendly than inward stock, particularly in the electricity and services sectors. Energy transition could be achieved without the polluting effect of Foreign Direct Investment. Investment in the electricity sector may be a way of decoupling economic growth from pollution. • Both Pollution Halo and Pollution Haven Hypotheses are supported in OECD countries. • The primary sector appears to be sensitive to changes in environmental regulations. • Foreign Direct Investment could boost pollution only by rising energy consumption. • Investment in electricity and services sectors seem to encourage energy efficiency. • Investment in the electricity sector could decouple pollution and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of environmental regulations on the nexus between financial development and biased technological innovation is a prerequisite for optimizing systems of environmental and financial policies to gain sustainable development goals (SDGs) in emerging markets. Drawing on China's city-level data from 2003 to 2018, we established econometric models and obtained the following empirical results. Financial development (FD) can promote energy- and environmental-biased technological progress, but, owing to the inverted U-shaped relationship, economic development, and resource endowment, the impact that FD has on biased technological progress is heterogeneous; unreasonable FD will also hinder green technological progress. Threshold model shows that with the improvement of environmental regulation, the impact of energy- and environmental-biased technological progress is also increasing. The development of green finance under SDGs is an important driving force in green technological progress. Finally, we offer suggestions to optimize environmental and financial policymaking and implementation from a government intervention perspective. [Display omitted] • It is important to optimize environmental and financial policies to gain SDGs. • Environmental policies are affected by technological and financial developments. • Financial development (FD) promotes energy- and environmental-technological growth. • Due to an inverted U-shaped relationship biased FD hinders green technology growth. • Green finance development under SDGs will drive green technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The economic valuation of coral reefs ecosystem services is currently seen as a promising approach to demonstrate the benefits of sustainable management of coral ecosystems to policymakers and to provide useful information for improved decisions. Most coral reefs economic studies have been conducted in the United States, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean, and only a few have covered the South Pacific region. In this region, coral reefs are essential assets for small island developing states as well as for developed countries. Accordingly, a series of ecosystem services valuations has been carried out recently in the South Pacific, to try and supply decision-makers with new information. Applying ecosystem services valuation to the specific ecological, social, economic and cultural contexts of the South Pacific is however not straightforward. This paper analyses how extant valuations address the various management challenges of coral reef regions in general and more specifically for the South Pacific. Bearing in mind that economic valuation has to match policy-making contexts, we emphasize a series of specific considerations when conducting and applying ecosystem services valuation in South Pacific ecological and social contexts. Finally, the paper examines the decision-making situations in which extant valuations took place. We conclude that, although ecosystem valuations have been effectively used as a means to raise awareness with respect to coral reef conservation, methodologies will have to be further developed, with multidisciplinary inputs, if they are to provide valuable inputs in local and technical decision-making. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Empirical evaluation of policies to mitigate climate change has been largely confined to the application of discounted utilitarianism (DU). DU is controversial, both due to the conditions through which it is justified and due to its consequences for climate policies, where the discounting of future utility gains from present abatement efforts makes it harder for such measures to justify their present costs. In this paper, we propose sustainable discounted utilitarianism (SDU) as an alternative principle for evaluation of climate policy. Unlike undiscounted utilitarianism, which always assigns zero relative weight to present utility, SDU is an axiomatically based criterion, which departs from DU by assigning zero weight to present utility if and only if the present is better off than the future. Using the DICE integrated assessment model to run risk analysis, we show that it is possible for the future to be worse off than the present along a ‘business as usual’ development path. Consequently SDU and DU differ, and willingness to pay for emissions reductions is (sometimes significantly) higher under SDU than under DU. Under SDU, stringent schedules of emissions reductions increase social welfare, even for a relatively high utility discount rate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sustainable environmental management is contingent on having an effective environmental planning system. A new methodology for designing and evaluating environmental planning systems is described and applied to a case study evaluation of the Canadian environmental planning process. The methodology is based on eight international best practice principles for environmental planning and 45 indicators. The research illustrates the benefits of the evaluation methodology in identifying how to improve environmental planning systems to achieve desired results. The methodology is applicable to a wide variety of jurisdictions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Most developing countries, particularly Indonesia, will be facing problems of sludge pressure in the next decades due to the increase in practices of legal and illegal logging as well as land and water demands. Consequently, they will also be facing the challenges of soil erosion and sludge management due to increased quantities of sludge coming from several potential sources, such as activated sludge, chemical sludge, fecal sludge and solid wastes as well as erosion and sedimentation. Although the government of Indonesia has enacted laws and policies to speed up the implementation of the programs and activities related to sludge management, the detailed practice concepts in implementing the programs need to be identified. Discussion of role-sharing amongst the related government agencies, private institutions and other stakeholders is urgent for clarifying the participation of each party in the next years to come. This paper proposes a management approach and level of responsibilities in sludge management. Implementation of zero ¿Q, zero ¿S and zero ¿P policies needs to be adopted by local and central governments. Application of sludge on the agricultural lands and other uses will promote sustainable development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The management of contaminated land is now assuming greater attention in Chinese debates on environmental governance. However, the existing management system appears ineffective as it lacks a clear policy framework and technical basis. In the United Kingdom (UK), contaminated land issues are dealt with through a risk-based approach. This approach emphasizes the application of risk approaches in both technical and integrated management systems. Conceptually, this paper outlines generic issues related to transferring programmes from one place to another. We argue that too much emphasis has been placed on the barriers to effective transfer, rather than focusing on methods of abstracting lessons for application in foreign settings. We then examine the Chinese system and its problems in managing contaminated land before turning to the UK risk-based approach to see what lessons can be learned from it. Four aspects are analyzed and compared: legislative and policy framework; administrative structure and capacity; technical approaches; and incentive strategy. Based on the experience of the UK in practice, some suggestions are then proposed for China in order to improve its management of contaminated land. We suggest that this should include: a focus on the problem sites; development of a risk-based technical approach and integrated management system; the introduction of financial incentives; and the use of planning control as a management strategy. It is believed that a risk-based integrated management approach may be helpful for China to achieve sustainable solutions for contaminated land. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The European-wide environmental obstacles of inefficient and unsustainable recycling systems and flows constrain household waste (HW) management, endangering the circular economy. The European 2020 strategy and ongoing environmental disasters indicate the ineffectiveness of the current HW sustainability practices. This paper introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) approach for calculating urban residual waste, based on its generation level. It reforms the current diverse and high discrepancy levels of HW residual for EU-countries and Ukraine. Adopting a k-means clustering method with a multi-criteria taxonomic development level index (TIDL), it produces uniform clusters with higher accuracy and manageability. Findings discover and remedy opaque managerial practices, enabling sustainable and environment-friendly development at national and regional levels for EU-countries. Results reveal an increased number of clusters in crisis, contributing to a methodological reference for environmental planning. In conclusion, this AI approach could have a European-wide impact on sustainable economic value-chain, converging toward an eco-friendly economy. [Display omitted] • Analysis of household waste management strategies in EU and Ukraine. • A methodological reference for environmental planning that moves away from the current centralized model. • Implementation of k-means household waste clustering approach with situational analysis and planning. • AI clustering approach with a multi-criteria taxonomic index for higher accuracy and manageability of waste. • Exploration of integrated AI-development economics for EU-Ukraine environmental policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With increasing environmental issues and depleting resources, the effective application of green government procurement (GGP) is urgently needed and potentially can have greater impacts in the developing world rather than in the developed world. Such an approach can help promote the general goal of sustainable development and address environmental issues through purchasing and facilitating the use of environmentally friendly services and products. This paper addresses this issue by employing a case study on China. We first trace the development of the GGP concept, its spread to Asian countries, and a number of approaches used to expand GGP adoption. We then review current practices in China on GGP, and analyze and identify some of the current barriers and problems in promoting green procurement in the Chinese governmental sector. We finally seek to identify possible appropriate capacity-building solutions, in order to facilitate the application of GGP in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Environmental indicators can be used as a first stage in progress towards comprehensive environmental impact measures [J. Environ. Manage 65/3 (2002) 285]. In this article, we develop a ‘pollutant interaction matrix method’ that allows calculation of a global environmental protection index (Ep) in order to verify the eco-compatibility of an industrial activity. Two methods are proposed for the Ep index evaluation (which represents the numerical measure of the environmental sustainability): the Direct Method (Epd) and the Weighted Method (Epw).Both methods need to define, in the whole industrial process, homogeneous sectors (defined as construction sites where activities of the same type are carried out). Furthermore, for each activity a set of parameters (t, duration of pollution effect, P, quantity of pollutant produced, G, hazard of the pollutant) are required to evaluate the relative pollution index Y. All indices calculations were carried out using a set of matrices. The correct use of Ep evaluation provides an improvement in the total environmental performance of companies because it points out possible critical operations in each homogeneous sector which require solutions.The methodology is applied to evaluate the environmental pollution risk of a company that produces polymer materials and to improve their environmental performance. The results obtained show that the whole productive process has a low environmental impact factor. Nevertheless the applied methodology puts in evidence some processes that generate local pollution in specific areas of the factory and which could be dangerous for the workers'' health. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Since the parties to Paris agreement ink ambitious emissions reduction targets, there is a growing debate – whether the existing environmental regulations have potential to spur enough technological base that could help to achieve the targets by 2030? Thus, this study attempts to empirically investigate the role of stringent environmental regulations towards environmentally friendly technological innovation, carbon emissions, GDP, exports and imports for 20 OECD countries. The results find long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables and suggest that the current environmental regulations encourage green innovation in the panel countries. Furthermore, stringent environmental policies couple with environmentally friendly innovation are impetus to sustainable development. Exports and imports have little to contribute green innovation but, exports reduce carbon emissions in the short-run only and imports are emissions intensive. The study suggests that the OECD countries need to revisit trade related environmental regulations. • Stringent environmental policies promote green innovation in OECD-20. • Stricter environmental regulations are subject to short-term negative economic shock. • The exports and imports have little to contribute to green innovation. • OECD-20 needs to revisit the trade related environmental regulations. • The study possesses policy implications for 2030 emissions reduction targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice of hair dyeing is a rapidly expanding industry on a global scale; however, it has become a major concern for Asian countries because they have been undergoing rapid transformations of their environment and lifestyles. While the socio-economic benefits and impacts of this globalization trend are widely understood, the environmental effects are largely unknown. In particular, commonly available oxidative dyes potentially pose specific environmental risks due to their use of a toxic aromatic amine p-Phenylenediamine (PPD). In investigating the environmental impacts of PPD chemicals, we first provide context to the study by setting out the socio-psychological drivers to industrial expansion in Asian countries along with an overview of research into its effects, to show that its environmental impacts are under-researched. We then investigate the environmental toxicity of PPD by focusing on the role of microbes in metabolizing waste products. Results show that Acinetobacter baumannii EB1 isolated from dye effluent prevents autoxidation of PPD under oxygen-enriched (shaking) or oxygen-deficient (static) conditions representing different environmental settings. Microbes transformed PPD into more toxic metabolites, which then significantly reduced plant growth, thereby having a direct bearing on ecosystem services. Based on the findings, we argue that stricter regulatory controls on hair dye wastewater are necessary, particularly in newly industrialising Asian countries where the expansion of commercial practice is most prevalent. • Bacteria transform paraphenylenediamine (PPD) into more toxic by-products. • Changing life-style has increased environmental exposure of PPD in Asia. • Besides human-health, PPD shows ecotoxicity - a hidden threat to ecosystem services. • Some Asian countries suffer unequally from PPD due to lax regulations on hair dyes. • Globally uniform regulations on hair dyes are required to protect the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and large-scale industrial growth has imposed tremendous challenges to the sustainable development of cities in China. The evaluation of the environmental sustainability of industrial planning has become a top priority for improving urban sustainability. In this regard, a goal-oriented framework, called three-line environmental governance, was proposed in the latest Chinese environmental management policy. Three lines, consisting of an ecological conservation red line, an environmental quality bottom line and a resource utilization upper limit line are to be taken into account when evaluating the potential effects of an urban industrial development plan. In this paper, the fuzzy axiomatic design system was applied in the development of an evaluation process and an indicator system that can be used to evaluate industrial alternatives that are established based on the three lines requirement. In an application of this methodology, the Industrial Green Development Plan of the city of Ordos was taken as a case study to recommend an optimal alternative. The target accessibilities of five alternatives were evaluated by conducting a comprehensive comparison among the alternatives meeting the environmental sustainability objectives of all of the indicators. This research shows that the evaluation of environmental sustainability on the basis of the three-line environmental governance policy is an effective way of promoting industrial green development and integrating environmental management requirements into urban industrial planning. It proposes not only a universal process for evaluating the environmental sustainability of urban industrial alternatives, but also a feasible method of tracking and evaluating the performance of industrial green development. • Three-line environmental governance (TLEG) is a new goal-oriented policy in China. • TLEG provides a framework for decomposing environmental sustainability (ES) goals. • A holistic and unified evaluation indicator system is established under TLEG. • Fuzzy axiomatic design is used to evaluate the target accessibility of alternatives. • TLEG based ES evaluation serve as a potential way to promote green industrial growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]