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[Display omitted] • Conductive hydrogels prepared by electrohydrodynamic printing exhibit enhanced conductivity. • Ion-electron conductive hydrogel with MXene co-ILs composite conductive network. • Hydrogel exhibited good mechanical properties, excellent sensing performance, and high frost resistance. • Hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor for human motion detection and information transmission. Conductive hydrogels with high performance and frost resistance are essential for flexible electronics, electronic skin, and soft robots. Nonetheless, the preparation of hydrogel-based flexible strain sensors with rapid response, wide strain detection range, and high sensitivity remains a considerable challenge. Furthermore, the inevitable freezing and evaporation of water in sub-zero temperatures and dry environments lead to the loss of flexibility and conductivity in hydrogels, which seriously limits their practical application. In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) and MXene are introduced into gelatin/polyacrylamide (PAM) precursor solution, and a PAM/gelatin/ILs/MXene/glycerol (PGIMG) hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor with MXene co-ILs ion–electron composite conductive network is prepared by combining the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing method and in-situ photopolymerization. The introduction of ILs provides an ionic conductive channel for the hydrogel. The introduction of MXene nanosheets forms an interpenetrating network with gelatin and PAM, which not only provides a conductive channel, but also improves the mechanical and sensing properties of the hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor. The prepared PGIMG hydrogel with the MXene co-ILs ion–electron composite conductive network demonstrates a tensile strength of 0.21 MPa at 602.82 % strain, the conductivity of 1.636 × 10−3 S/cm, high sensitivity (Gauge Factor, GF = 4.17), a wide strain detection range (1–600 %), and the response/recovery times (73 ms and 74 ms). In addition, glycerol endows the hydrogel with excellent freezing (−60 °C) and water retention properties. The application of the hydrogel-based flexible strain sensor in the field of human motion detection and information transmission shows the great potential of wearable devices, electronic skin, and information encryption transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key metabolic enzymes not only regulate Glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism to serve the cellular energy needs, but also modulate noncanonical or nonmetabolic signaling pathway such as gene expression, cell-cycle progression, DNA repair, apoptosis and cell proliferation in regulating the pathologic progression of disease. However, the role of glycometabolism in peripheral nerve axon regeneration is little known. In this study, we investigated the expression of Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1(PDH), a key enzyme linking glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with qRT-PCR and found that pyruvate dehydrogenase beta subunit (Pdhb) is up-regulated at the early stage during peripheral nerve injury. The knockdown of Pdhb inhibits neurite outgrowth of primary DRG neurons in vitro and restrains axon regeneration of sciatic nerve after crush injury. Pdhb overexpression promoting axonal regeneration is reversed by knockdown of Monocarboxylate transporter 2(Mct2), a transporter involved in the transport and metabolism of lactate, indicating Pdhb promoting axon regeneration depends on lactate for energy supply. Given the nucleus-localization of Pdhb, further analysis revealed that Pdhb enhances the acetylation of H3K9 and affecting the expression of genes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and Ras signaling pathway, such as Rsa-14-44 and Pla2g4a, thereby promoting axon regeneration. Collectively, our data indicates that Pdhb is a positive dual modulator of energy generation and gene expression in regulating peripheral axon regeneration. • Pdhb promotes peripheral axon regeneration. • Pdhb locates in both cytoplasm and nucleus in DRGs. • Pdhb involves in the acetylation of H3K9. • Pdhb regulates both energy generation and gene expression in regulating peripheral axon regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have robust regenerative capacity after axon injury, but the regenerative capacity is generally absent in the neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) in mammals. Increasing evidence highlighted the pivotal roles of long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in development and disease, but the role of LncRNA in triggering the regenerative capacity in CNS and PNS is not well studied. Here, we reported that lncRNA Gas5 is a suppressor for axon regeneration. Bioinformatics analysis shows that Gas5 is age-dependent up-regulated during DRG neurons development and down-regulated after sciatic nerve injury. In vitro, inhibiting the expression of Gas5 promotes the neurite growth of DRG neurons both in mice and rats. Consistently, Gas5 overexpression inhibits axon growth of mice DRG neurons. In vivo, Gas5 knockout(Gas5−/−) mice display enhanced nerve regeneration ability after sciatic nerve injury. RNA pull-down analysis indicates that Gas5 can interacts with soluble Vimentin, which is essential for peripheral nerve development and regeneration. Vimentin knockdown reverses the Gas5 silence-regulated axon pro-regeneration demonstrating that the function of Gas5 depending on Vimentin. Besides, inhibition of Gas5 expression can also enhance optic nerve regeneration indicating a potential pro-regenerative ability of Gas5 silence in CNS. Our study for the first time provides direct evidence in vivo that lncRNA plays a role in regulating central axon regrowth and Gas5 might be a novel therapeutic target for axon regeneration in both PNS and CNS. • Systematic analysis of the lncRNA expression profile of DRG neurons during the nerve development and regeneration • Gas5 suppresses neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons in vitro and in vivo. • Gas5 regulating axon regeneration depends on Vimentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] AMP-scolopin 1 was first purified and characterized from the centipede venoms. [•] We first constructed the expression vector of AMP-scolopin 1. [•] We first report the application of SUMO fusion technology to the expression and purification of AMP-scolopin 1. [•] This paper investigated the antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of recombinant scolopin 1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]