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Evidence of the effects of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) air pollution on the development of dyslipidaemia is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and incident dyslipidaemia in a large cohort. We studied 66,702 participants aged ≥18 years belonging to a cohort from a standard medical examination programme conducted in Taiwan between 2001 and 2014. The PM 2.5 concentration at each participant's address was estimated using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model at a high resolution (1 km2). A time-varying Cox regression model was used to examine the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and the development of dyslipidaemia. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the stability of these associations. Compared with participants exposed to the 1st tertile of PM 2.5 , participants exposed to the 2nd and 3rd tertiles of PM 2.5 had respective hazard ratios of 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98–1.06] and 1.08 (95%CI: 1.04–1.13) for incident dyslipidaemia. Sensitivity analyses generally yielded similar results. Long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 is associated with a higher risk of dyslipidaemia. Global strategies for reducing air pollution are needed to prevent the development of dyslipidaemia. • This is the largest longitudinal cohort study consisting of 66,702 adults. • The mean PM 2.5 was 27.0 μg/m3 and the interquartile range was 9.6 μg/m3 with a range of 5.8–50.3 μg/m3 • Ambient PM 2.5 is associated with a higher risk of dyslipidaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green space and air pollution have been recognized as vital health determinants. There is a paucity of studies examining the interplay between green space, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), and the incidence of specific cancers. We aimed to explore the contributions of green space and ambient PM 2.5 to the risk of specific cancers in terms of the most common cancers based on incidence or mortality rate in Taiwan and to ascertain the interaction between green space and PM 2.5 and their role in cancer risk. This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included 407,415 participants. Data were obtained from the 2000–2015 Mei Jau Health Examination Database linked to the Taiwan Cancer Registry and Causes of Death datasets. All participants were aged ≥20 years and had no history of cancer. The environmental exposure were the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the 2-year average PM 2.5 at baseline. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. We adjusted for covariates including demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, health behaviors, biochemical data, and environmental factors. During a median follow-up of 10.37 years, 11,576 cancer cases were reported. PM 2.5 exposure increased the risk of all cancers (HR: 1.11, [95% CI: 1.06–1.15]), stomach cancer (HR: 1.27, [1.02–1.58]), endocrine gland cancer (HR: 2.13, [1.39–3.26]), breast cancer (HR: 1.12, [1.03–1.22]), and lung cancer (HR: 1.12, [1.01–1.24]). An increase in NDVI reduced the risk of prostate cancer (HR: 0.93, [0.88–0.99]) and lung cancer (HR: 0.95, [0.91–0.99]). NDVI influenced the incidence of prostate and all cancers by reducing PM 2.5 concentrations. Long-term PM 2.5 exposure is associated with an increased risk of some types of cancers. In contrast, an increase in environmental green space exposure is associated with lowering of the risk of prostate and lung cancer. • There is a paucity of research regarding the interplay between green space and air pollution on cancer incidence. • Long-term PM2.5 exposure is a possible risk factor for all cancers, and specific cancers. • Green space plays a possible protective role against the incidence of prostate and lung cancer. • There was no significant interaction between PM2.5 and green space on cancer incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change could have potential impact on enterovirus (EV)-induced infectious diseases. However, the environmental factors promoting acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) circulation remain inconclusive. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between the environment and AHC. We retrieved the monthly counts and incidence of AHC, meteorological variables and air quality in mainland China between 2013 and 2018. Exposure risks were evaluated by multivariate distributed lag nonlinear models. A total of 219,599 AHC cases were reported in 31 provinces of China, predominantly in southern and central China, seasonally increased in summer. AHC incidence increased by 7% between 2013 and 2018, from 2.6873 to 2.7570 per 100,000 people. A moderate positive correlation was seen between AHC and monthly mean temperature, relative humidity (RH) and precipitation. Each unit increment was associated with a relative risk for AHC of 1.058 at 17°-32 °C at lag 0 months, 1.017 at 65–71% RH at lag 1.4 months, and 1.039 at 400–569 mm at lag 2.4 months. By contrast, a negative correlation was seen between monthly ambient NO 2 and AHC. Long-term exposure to higher mean temperature, RH and precipitation were associated with an increased risk of AHC. The general public, especially susceptible populations, should pay close attention to weather changes and take protective measures in advance to any AHC outbreak as the above situations occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]