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[Display omitted] • Catalysts with abundant oxygen defects and nitrogen defects. • One-dimensional tubular structure provides larger specific surface area. • Catalyst with tunable energy band structure and high charge separation efficiency. • The mechanism of photoreduction of CO 2 by catalyst was proposed and analyzed. Carbon nitride is an attractive non-metallic photocatalyst due to its small surface area, rapid electron-hole recombination, and low absorption of visible light. In this study, one-dimensional carbon nitride nanotubes were successfully synthesized by supramolecular self-assembly method for photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 under mild conditions. The material demonstrates significantly improved CO 2 -to-CO activity compared to bulk carbon nitride under visible light irradiation, with a rate of 12.58 μmol g−1h−1, which is 3.37 times higher than that of pristine carbon nitride. This enhanced activity can be attributed to the abundant oxygen defects and nitrogen vacancies in the unique tubular carbon nitride structure, which results in the generation of more active sites and the efficient acceleration of the migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Various characterizations collectively support the presence of these defects and vacancies. Moreover, in situ DRIFTS spectroscopy supported the proposed reaction mechanism for the photoreduction of CO 2. This eco-friendly design approach provides novel insights into utilizing solar energy for the production of value-added products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri, is one of the most notorious and devastating citrus pests around the world that has developed resistance to multiple chemical acaricides. In previous research, we found that spirodiclofen-resistant is related to overexpression of P450, CCE, and ABC transporter genes in P. citri. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these detoxification genes are still elusive. This study identified all hormone receptor 96 genes of P. citri. 8 PcHR96 genes contained highly conserved domains. The expression profiles showed that PcHR96h was significantly upregulated in spirodiclofen resistant strain and after exposure to spirodiclofen. RNA interference of PcHR96h decreased expression of detoxification genes and increased spirodiclofen susceptibility in P. citri. Furthermore, molecular docking, heterologous expression, and drug affinity responsive target stability demonstrated that PcHR96h can interact with spirodiclofen in vitro. Our research results indicate that PcHR96h plays an important role in regulating spirodiclofen susceptibility and provides theoretical support for the resistance management of P. citri. [Display omitted] • The hormone receptor 96 gene family in Panonychus citri has been identified. • Molecular docking and DARTs demonstrated that PcHR96h can bind spirodiclofen directly. • PcHR96h has been shown to affect the spirodiclofen susceptibility in P. citri by altering the expression of detoxification genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a notion of quadratic duality for chiral algebras. This can be viewed as a chiral version of the usual quadratic duality for quadratic associative algebras. We study the relationship between this duality notion and the Maurer-Cartan equations for chiral algebras, which turns out to be parallel to the associative algebra case. We also present some explicit examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The g -restricted edge connectivity is an important measurement to assess the reliability of networks. The g -restricted edge connectivity of a connected graph G is the minimum size of a set of edges in G , if it exists, whose deletion separates G and leaves every vertex in the remaining components with at least g neighbors. The k -ary n -cube is an extension of the hypercube network and has many desirable properties. It has been used to build the architecture of the Supercomputer Fugaku. This paper establishes that for g ≤ n , the g -restricted edge connectivity of 3-ary n -cubes is 3 ⌊ g / 2 ⌋ (1 + (g mod 2)) (2 n − g) , and the g -restricted edge connectivity of k -ary n -cubes with k ≥ 4 is 2 g (2 n − g). These results imply that in Q n 3 with at most 3 ⌊ g / 2 ⌋ (1 + (g mod 2)) (2 n − g) − 1 faulty edges, or Q n k (k ≥ 4) with at most 2 g (2 n − g) − 1 faulty edges, if each vertex is incident with at least g fault-free edges, then the remaining network is connected. • We study a generalized edge reliability of k -ary n -cubes. • We concentrate on an edge fault-tolerant ability, the g -restricted edge connectivity λ g of the k -ary n -cube Q n k. • For g ≤ n and k ≥ 3 , we determine the values of λ g (Q n k). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuronal death is often observed in central nervous system injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. The mammalian central nervous system manifests limited neuronal regeneration capabilities, and traditional cell therapies are limited in their potential applications due to finite cell sources and immune rejection. Neuronal reprogramming has emerged as a novel technology, in which non-neuronal cells (e.g. glial cells) are transdifferentiated into mature neurons. This process results in relatively minimal immune rejection. The present review discuss the latest progress in this cutting-edge field, including starter cell selection, innovative technical strategies and methods of neuronal reprogramming for neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the potential problems and controversies. The further development of neuronal reprogramming technology may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxadiazon (ODZ) is extensively utilized in agricultural fields for weed control owing to its strong effectiveness. However, excessive loading of ODZ in water bodies and agricultural soils can lead to various environmental concerns. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the ODZ metabolic process and associated mechanisms in crops to assess the likelihood of ODZ contamination in the environment. This study aimed to assess the effects of ODZ on the growth and toxicological responses of rice (Oryza sativa). The growth of rice tissues was notably compromised with the increase in ODZ concentrations. RNA sequencing in combination with liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time-of-flight–high-resolution mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–Q-TOF–HRMS/MS) analysis allowed for the identification of numerous transcriptional components associated with ODZ metabolism. Four libraries comprising rice roots and shoots exposed to ODZ were RNA-sequenced in triplicate. The application of environmentally realistic ODZ concentrations upregulated the expression of 844 genes in shoots and 1476 genes in roots. Gene enrichment analysis revealed the presence of multiple enzymes involved in ODZ metabolism and detoxification. These enzymes play a critical role in mitigating environmental stress and facilitating xenobiotic metabolism. Notably, among differentially expressed genes, several key enzymes were identified, including cytochrome P450s, protein kinases, aminotransferases, and ATP-binding cassette transporters involved in the metabolic process. Using LC–Q-TOF–HRMS/MS, 3 metabolites and 13 conjugates were identified in multiple metabolic pathways involving oxidation, hydrolysis, glycosylation, acetylation, and methylation. This study successfully established a potential link between the specific metabolic products of ODZ and increased activities of their corresponding enzymes. Moreover, this study considerably elucidates the detailed pathways and mechanisms involved in ODZ metabolism. The study findings provide valuable insights into the development of genotypes for reducing ODZ residues in paddy fields and minimizing their accumulation in rice crops. [Display omitted] • Excessive residues ODZ in the environment cause phytotoxicity to rice crops. • Expression of stress-responsive genes was induced under ODZ stress. • ODZ can be metabolized in rice through multi-mechanisms and pathways. • Thirteen new conjugates of ODZ in rice tissues were characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sparse super resolution algorithm is applied to study micro-milling cutter image. • Residual dictionary is proposed in dual dictionary sparse coding reconstruction. • Gabor filter is designed to collect local feature information of LR tool images. • Dual dictionary realized super resolution algorithm under single HR tool image. It is an effective means to improve the machining quality of product by monitoring the tool wear conditions in micro milling. However, due to the small size and high speed of the micro milling cutter, it is difficult to capture the clear image of tool wear by CCD camera. Therefore, a double dictionary sparse coding super-resolution (SR) method is proposed to improve the resolution of micro milling tool wear images in this work. Based on the traditional single dictionary, this work proposes the residual dictionary to reconstruct the residual image of the tool, achieving the double dictionary coefficient encoding reconstruction. In order to extract local features of low resolution (LR) tool wear images, the Gobor filter banks are designed, and then the PCA method is used to reduce dimension of extracted features. The dictionary learning based on a single high resolution (HR) image is realized, which reduces the dependence of super-resolution algorithm on large datasets. The effectiveness of Gabor filter and double dictionary for restoration tool wear image details is verified by experiments. Compared with proposed method, traditional interpolation method, sparse coding super resolution model [32] and super resolution convolutional neural network model [26] , the PSNR mean value of those methods are 43.62, 42.19, 43.20, 43.21, respectively, which shows that the proposed method has excellent performance in super-resolution reconstruction of micro milling tool images for tool wear monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel magnetic catalysts was synthesized and characterized. • Different amount of connecting parts exposes the various number of –OCH 3 in catalysts. • Various numbers of exposed groups shows different oxidative desulfurization efficiency. • The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused by external magnet. Magnetic-heteropolyacid mesoporous catalysts have been obtained, in which magnetic Fe 3 O 4 in the center of MCM-41 mesoporous materials and APES (3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane) used to link heteropolyacid. To noted, for the various molar ratio APES used in the synthesized process, different numbers of –OCH 3 were exposed in the final products (zero, one and two), named Fe@MP-1, Fe@MP-2 and Fe@MP-3, respectively. Interestingly, the three kinds of catalysts exhibited the various DBT removal efficiency during the oxidative desulfurization process, mainly due to their structure variance leading to be the research focus in this work. Among them, under the oxygen in air as oxidant, Fe@MP-1, with no –OCH 3 exposed outside, showed the excellent desulfurization activity with 100% DBT conversion in 90 min and behaved nearly no obvious decrease after at least 8 recycling times. Thus, the certain amount of APES, used to link active components with supporters, is suggested as an effective aspect to increase the oxidative desulfurization efficiency and maybe the different types of linkage also show the various influence, which will be focused on in our further researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, novel covalent organic framework modified polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibers (denoted: PAN@COF(TFP- p -PDA) nanofibers) was prepared and used as adsorbent of pipette tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) for the effective extraction of estrogens in milk followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). The PAN@COF(TFP- p -PDA) nanofibers was prepared via a secondary growth method for the first time. The characterization results of PAN@COF(TFP- p -PDA) nanofibers showed that a continuous, dense and uniform COFs layer was grown on the surface of PAN electrospun nanofibers, and PAN@COF(TFP- p -PDA) nanofibers had high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area (303.91 m2 g−1). Several important parameters of PT-SPE affecting the extraction efficiency were systematically studied, and the optimized conditions were comprised of 8 mg PAN@COF(TFP- p -PDA) nanofibers, pH 7 and 1.5 mL of 15% ammonia-acetonitrile (V:V) as elution solvent. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of the tested estrogen was estimated from 1.13 to 100 ng mL−1 with correlation coefficient larger than 0.997. The limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 0.34–0.57 ng mL−1 and 1.13–1.9 ng mL−1, respectively. The practicality of the developed analytical method was verified through determination of estrogens in milk samples, satisfactory recoveries (87.0%−114.8%) were obtained with relative standard deviations (RSDs) smaller than 8.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas l -3-oxo-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (OHHL) is the active enantiomer of the of LuxR-regulated quorum sensing (QS) autoinducer, its d isomer is implicitly considered as inactive. The present work aims to clarify this l -specificity and investigate whether it extends to some analogues in the acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) family. For this purpose, OHHL and a series of AHL analogs were synthesized in racemic and enantiomerically pure d and l forms and their ability to induce or attenuate bioluminescence in the LuxR-dependent QS system was evaluated. In this study, l- isomers are confirmed as either the only, or as the most active, enantiomers. However, in several cases, especially for the natural ligand of LuxR (OHHL) and the very similar AHL agonist analogue 2 , the d -isomer cannot be considered as totally inactive on QS. Molecular modelling suggests that when the lactone moiety of the d -isomer is able to twist, enabling the lactone carbonyl group and the amide function to interact with the key residues in the binding site, then the d -isomer can exhibit some activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contents of 28 trace elements, 17 amino acid were evaluated in muscular tissues (wings, crureus and pectoralis) of chickens in response to arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ). A total of 200 one-day-old male Hy-line chickens were fed either a commercial diet (C-group) or an As 2 O 3 supplement diet containing 7.5 mg/kg (L-group), 15 mg/kg (M-group) or 30 mg/kg (H-group) As 2 O 3 for 90 days. The elements content was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Under As 2 O 3 exposure, the concentration of As were elevated 8.87–15.76 fold, 7.93–15.63 fold and 5.94–12.45 fold in wings, crureus and pectoralis compared to the corresponding C-group, respectively. 19 element levels (lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), kalium (K), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb), barium (Ba), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), 9 element levels (K, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Sr, Sn, Ba and Hg) and 4 element levels (Mn, cobalt (Co), As, Sr and Ba) were significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in wing, crureus and pectoralis, respectively. 2 element levels (sodium (Na) and zinc (Zn)), 5 element levels (Li, Na, Si, titanium (Ti and Cr), 13 element levels (Li, Na, Mg, K, V, Cr, iron (Fe), Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Hg and Pb) were significantly decreased ( P < 0.05) in wing muscle, crureus and pectoralis, respectively. Additionally, in crureus and pectoralis, the content of total amino acids (TAA) was no significant alterations in L and M-group and then increased approximately 10.2% and 7.6% in H-group, respectively ( P < 0.05). In wings, the level of total amino acids increased approximately 10% in L-group, whereas it showed unchanged in M and H-group compared to the corresponding C-group. We also observed that significantly increased levels of proline, cysteine, aspartic acid, methionine along with decrease in the tyrosine levels in muscular tissues compared to the corresponding C-group. In conclusion, the residual of As in the muscular tissues of chickens were dose-dependent and disrupts trace element homeostasis, amino acids level in muscular tissues of chickens under As 2 O 3 exposure. Additionally, the response (trace elements and amino acids) were different in wing, thigh and pectoral of chick under As 2 O 3 exposure. This study provided references for further study of heavy metal poisoning and may be helpful to understanding the toxicological mechanism of As 2 O 3 exposure in muscular tissues of chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Removal of notorious organic sulfur-containing compounds to produce low-sulfur-content diesel is of great significance in developing modern industry and addressing environmental protection, but the key challenge is to seek recyclable heterogeneous catalysts with high efficiency. Herein, an intelligent regulation structural polyoxometalate-based hybrid compound with a ten-membered ring cluster has been synthesized via facile solvothermal method, formulated as [V III 10 (μ 2 -OCH 3) 20 (CH 3 CO 2) 10 ] (V10). Single crystal diffraction shows that every two adjacent vanadium ions in V10 are connected by methoxides and acetate group to construct a ten-membered wheel ring. It is noteworthy that the center of the ring can exhibit different opening and closing states through the disordered methoxy groups with rotational/oscillatory flexibility without disrupting the main structure of the ring, being analogous to IRIS stop of an optical camera. Notably, sulfur oxidation experiments indicated that V10 as heterogeneous catalyst displayed excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and stability for the catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) at mild condition, which outperforms most of reported vanadium oxygen clusters. Benefiting from the multi-modal transformation of the inner ring structure, the catalyst can adaptively adjust the position of methoxy groups to make the sulfides more accessible to the active site, thus facilitating the conversion of DBT up to >99% in 40 ​°C. This study affords a novel perspective for the development of polyoxovanadates with better performance. An analogue wheel cluster [V Ⅲ 10 (μ 2 -OCH 3) 20 (CH 3 CO 2) 10 ] (V10) has been legitimately synthesized. Benefiting from the multi-modal transformation of the inner ring structure, the catalyst can adaptively adjust the position of methoxy groups to make the sulfides more accessible to the active site. Thus V10 as a heterogeneous catalyst displayed excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and stability for the catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) at mild condition. [Display omitted] • The multi-modal transformation of the inner ring structure. • The catalyst is capable of adaptively adjusting the position of the methoxy groups when in contact with sulfides. • The catalyst has shown high heterogeneous catalytic activity and selectivity in the oxidation of sulfides. • The complete conversion of dibenzothiophene can be realized under optimal condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series highly efficient and stable metallophthalocyanine/La 0.8 Ce 0.2 NiO 3 (ML/LCNO) photocatalysts were prepared by a facile sol–gel and immersion method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TEM, N 2 adsorption–desorption, and UV–Vis. The results revealed that LCNO calcined at 700 °C possessed a perovskite structure with porous, and phthalocyanine not only adsorbed on the surface but also loaded in the pores of the LCNO oxide. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) under simulated sunlight irradiation. It was found that either macrocyclic structure or center metal of phthalocyanine had great influences on the photocatalytic activity of ML/LCNO. The oxidative reactivity of the different macrocycles was found in the order of MPc/LCNO > MTAP/LCNO > MPTpz/LCNO; which of different center metals was CoL/LCNO > FeL/LCNO > MnL/LCNO > NiL/LCNO > CuL/LCNO. The catalysts were reused several times with a slight decrease in activity. Furthermore, this kinetics of photocatalytic oxidation of DBT indicated that the reaction was a pseudo-first-order reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clearance of host cell DNA is a critical indicator for Vero-cell culture-derived rabies vaccine. In this study, we evaluated the clearance of DNA in Vero-cell culture-derived rabies vaccine by purification process utilizing ultrafiltration, nuclease digestion, and gel filtration chromatography. The results showed that the bioprocess of using nuclease decreased residual DNA. Dot-blot hybridization analysis showed that the residual host cell DNA was <100 pg/ml in the final product. The residual nuclease in rabies vaccine was less than 0.1 ng/ml protein. The residual nuclease could not paly the biologically active role of digestion of DNA. Experiments of stability showed that the freeze-drying rabies virus vaccine was stable and titers were >5.0 IU/ml. Immunogenicity test and protection experiments indicated mice were greatly induced generation of neutralizing antibodies and invoked protective effects immunized with intraperitoneal injections of the rabies vaccine. These results demonstrated that the residual DNA was removed from virus particles and nuclease was removed by gel filtration chromatography. The date indicated that technology was an efficient method to produce rabies vaccine for human use by using nuclease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X be a non-compact Calabi-Yau manifold and f be a holomorphic function on X with compact critical locus. We introduce the notion of f -twisted Sobolev spaces for the pair (X , f) and prove the corresponding Hodge-to-de Rham degeneration property via L 2 -Hodge theoretical methods when f satisfies an asymptotic condition of strongly ellipticity. This leads to a Frobenius manifold via the Barannikov-Kontsevich construction, unifying the Landau-Ginzburg and Calabi-Yau geometry. Our construction can be viewed as a generalization of K. Saito's higher residue and primitive form theory for isolated singularities. As an application, we construct Frobenius manifolds for orbifold Landau-Ginzburg B-models which admit crepant resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Incorporating a GPU architecture into CMP, which is more efficient with certain types of applications, is a popular architecture trend in recent processors. This heterogeneous mix of architectures will use an on-chip interconnection to access shared resources such as last-level cache tiles and memory controllers. The configuration of this on-chip network will likely have a significant impact on resource distribution, fairness, and overall performance. The heterogeneity of this architecture inevitably exerts different pressures on the interconnection due to the differing characteristics and requirements of applications running on CPU and GPU cores. CPU applications are sensitive to latency, while GPGPU applications require massive bandwidth. This is due to the difference in the thread-level parallelism of the two architectures. GPUs use more threads to hide the effect of memory latency but require massive bandwidth to supply those threads. On the other hand, CPU cores typically running only one or two threads concurrently are very sensitive to latency. This study surveys the impact and behavior of the interconnection network when CPU and GPGPU applications run simultaneously. Among our findings, we observed that significant interference exists between CPU and GPU applications and resource partitioning, in particular virtual and physical channel partitioning, shows effectiveness to solve the interference problem. Also, heterogeneous link configurations show promising results by optimizing traffic hotspots in the network. Finally, we evaluated different placement policies and found that how to place different components in the network significantly affects the performance. Based on these findings, we suggest an optimal ring interconnect network. Our study will shed light on other architectural interconnection studies on CPU–GPU heterogeneous architectures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A novel method of evaluation wear area for in-situ monitoring tool wear in micro milling. • Empirical statistical model including milling parameters and milling force. • The prediction results of empirical model are consistent with those of neural network. • Contribution of parameters on tool wear was obtained by grey relational analysis. In order to realize the tool wear in-situ monitoring in micro milling, a novel two-dimensional tool wear estimation approach is developed in this work. The novelty and strong point of the approach is that it can achieve both high estimation accuracy and computational efficiency for fast tool condition monitoring. For this purpose, an empirical statistical model including both process parameters and force features is firstly proposed for in-situ tool wear area estimation. Then the model is improved to enhance its practicability. By comparing the experimental measurements against the results predicted by the improved model and neural network model, it is shown that the improved model has better prediction effect, which illustrates that this approach can realize tool wear estimation in micro milling. Finally, the influence of each variable in improved model on tool wear is analyzed by grey relational degree. The results of this study indicate that this approach can be used to optimize cutting parameters and predict tool wear online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are increasing concerns with regard to spontaneous abortion (SAB), the loss of pregnancy without external intervention before 20 weeks of gestation, among reproductive-aged women. To date, limited evidence is available concerning the association between SAB and air pollutants, especially in developing countries. Daily baseline outpatient data for SAB from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2018 (1826 days) were obtained in Chongqing, a metropolis of southwest China. The over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive model with control of meteorological conditions and day of week was used to estimate the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on the daily number of SAB outpatients. A total of 42,334 SAB outpatient visits for SAB were recorded. No statistically significant association was observed between SAB and CO, PM 2.5 , PM 10 , O 3 , and SO 2. The positive association only appeared for NO 2 : positive associations between SAB and NO 2 were observed in both single-day models (lag 0, lag 1, lag 3, and lag 4) and cumulative exposure models (lag 01, lag 03, and lag 05) and the most significant effects were observed at lag 05 (3.289%; 95% CI: 1.568%, 5.011%). Moreover, the women with higher ages (30–39 and > 39) were more sensitive than those with lower ages (18−29), and the effect estimates were more evident in cool seasons. Collectively, our results suggested that short-term NO 2 exposure was associated with higher risk of SAB, especially in elder women and cool seasons, which may contribute to further understand the role of air pollution on SAB and other adverse obstetric outcomes. [Display omitted] • Few studies have evaluated the association of short-term air pollution with SAB. • Short-term ambient NO 2 exposure was associated with increased risk of SAB. • Such association was more obvious in elder women and cool seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Antibiotics are commonly employed in most fish aquacultures to prevent disease. One major risk in this practice is that antibiotic-resistant pathogens may be selected. Therefore, we wanted to examine the feasibility of producing an economical, non-antibiotic alternative. The microalga Nannochloropsis oculata is an essential phytoplankton used as live feed for fish larvae. We attempted to culture N. oculata in a way that would provide an organism against bacterial pathogenic infection. To test this idea, we constructed an algae-codon-optimized bovine lactoferricin (LFB) fused with a red fluorescent protein (DsRed) driven by a heat-inducible promoter, which is a heat shock protein 70A promoter combined with a ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit 2′ promoter from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. After electroporation, we examined 491 microalgal clones and generated two stable transgenic lines, each expressing a stable transgene inheritance for at least 26 months. This was confirmed by the positive detection of the mRNA transcript and the protein of LFB-DsRed produced by the transgenic microalgae. To test the efficacy of the antimicrobial peptide LFB, medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) were adapted from freshwater to seawater and were fed with the transgenic algae by oral-in-tube delivery method. Bacterial infection with 1×105 Vibrio parahaemolyticus per fish was induced 6h thereafter by oral-in-tube delivery as well. For medaka fish fed with 1×108 transgenic algae per fish, the average survival rate after a 24-h period of infection was much higher than that of medaka fed with wild-type algae (85±7.1% versus 5±7.1%). This result suggests that medaka fish fed with the LFB-containing transgenic microalgae will have bactericidal defense against V. parahaemolyticus infection in its digestive tract. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Four underscribed ent -kaurane and three undescribed abietane diterpenoids were isolated from T. wilfordii. • Compounds 1 and 2 were a pair of C-19 epimers of ent -kaurane diterpenoids. Compound 3 possessed a rare naturally occurring 1,3-dioxacyclohexane moiety. • Abietane diterpenoids 7 – 13 showed significant activity to inhibit NO production. • Compounds 7 and 8 significantly suppressed the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. Four undescribed ent -kaurane diterpenoids, wilkaunoids A − D (1 – 4), and three undescribed abietane diterpenoids, wilabinoids A − C (13 – 15), along with thirteen known ones (5 – 12 and 16 – 20), were isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, electronic circular dichroism calculation, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were a pair of C-19 epimers of ent -kaurane diterpenoids, featuring a rare 19,20-epoxy-19,20-dimethoxy-kaurane fragment. Compound 3 possessed a rare naturally occurring 1,3-dioxacyclohexane moiety. Compounds 13 and 15 represented the first example of abietane diterpenoids with an isovalerate substitution from the genus of Tripterygium. The possible biosynthetic pathways of 1 – 3 were postulated. The effect of 1 – 20 on nitric oxide production was examined in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Abietane diterpenoid quinones 7 – 13 (IC 50 : 1.9–10.2 μM) exhibited the significant activity to inhibit nitric oxide production versus positive control (NG-monomethyl- l -arginine acetate salt, IC 50 = 24.9 μM). The structure activity relationship of 7 – 13 in inhibiting nitric oxide production was then discussed. The most potent 7 and 8 were found to significantly suppress the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase proteins, showing a good anti-inflammatory potential. The findings provided some valuable insights for the discovery and structural modification of abietane diterpenoids towards anti-inflammatory lead compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital anorectal malformations (ARMs) are among the most prominent deformities of the gastrointestinal tract; however, their precise aetiology remains obscure. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that, in the ARM group, the PPPDE1-positive cells were widely distributed in the hindgut epithelial tissue from GD13 to GD16. Immunofluorescence revealed that most TUNEL-, Bax-, and Cytochrome C (Cyt C)-positive cells overlapped with PPPDE1-positive cells in the urorectal septum (URS). Western blotting and quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that PPPDE1 levels were significantly higher in the ARM group from GD13 to GD14 (p < 0.05). IEC-6 cells were transfected with PPPDE1 overexpression plasmid/NC (negative control) or si-PPPDE1/si-NC. Flow cytometry analysis and CCK-8 assay (used to detect apoptosis and proliferation, respectively), as well as western blotting, showed that the levels of PPPDE1 were positively correlated with the pro-apoptotic molecules Bax and Cyt C. Accordingly, aberrantly high expression of PPPDE1 caused a spatiotemporal imbalance in foetal rats with ARMs during hindgut development. Therefore, the upregulation of PPPDE1 may promote epithelial apoptosis and reduce proliferation in the hindgut via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This could affect the fusion of the URS and cloacal membrane, ultimately inhibiting the hindgut development and resulting in ARMs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) production and emissions from inland waters play considerable roles in global atmospheric CO 2 sources, while there are still uncertainties regarding notable nutrient inputs and anthropogenic activities. Urban inland waters, with frequently anthropogenic modifications and severely nitrogen loadings, were hotspots for CO 2 emissions. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal patterns of partial pressure of CO 2 (p CO 2) and CO 2 fluxes (FCO 2) in typical urban inland waters in Tianjin, China. Our observation indicated that p CO 2 values were oversaturated in highly polluted waters, particularly in sewage rivers and urban rivers, exhibiting approximately 9 times higher than the atmosphere equilibrium concentration during sampling campaigns. Obviously, the spatiotemporal distributions of p CO 2 and FCO 2 emphasized that the water environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities jointly adjusted primary productivity and biological respiration of inland waters. Meanwhile, statistically positive correlations between p CO 2 /FCO 2 and NH 4 +-N/NO 3 −-N (p < 0.05) suggested that nitrogen biogeochemical processes, especially the nitrification, played a dominant role in CO 2 emissions attributing to the water acidification that stimulated CO 2 production and emissions. Except for slight CO 2 sinks in waters with low organic contents, the total CO 2 emissions from the urban surface waters of Tianjin were remarkable (286.8 Gg yr−1). The results emphasized that the reductions of nitrogen loadings, sewage draining waters, and agricultural pollution could alleviate CO 2 emissions from urban inland waters. [Display omitted] • CO 2 emissions from urban inland water contributed largely to atmospheric CO 2. • Land use affected the spatiotemporal variations of CO 2 emissions. • Nitrogen loading increases stimulated CO 2 production and emissions. • Acidification in the nitrification processes enhanced the CO 2 production and degassing. • Improving water quality could cut down CO 2 emissions from urban inland waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new column layered MOF with (3,6)-connected nets, namely [Co(pysa)(H 2 O)] n (YAU-7), was synthesized by using Co(NO 3) 2 ·6H 2 O and organic ligand 2-(pyrid-4′-yl)-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (H 2 pysa) as flexible linkers. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction evidences the 3D YAU-7 MOF with (3,6)-connected nodes, a binuclear cluster [Co 2 (COO) 2 ] structure and 1D tunnel feature. The weak interactions of π---π stacking enhances chemical stability of YAU-7 3D structure. Interestingly, the YAU-7 presents high chemical/thermodynamic stability, superior adsorption performance for CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 4 , and high IAST selectivities for mixed gas systems of C 2 H 2 /CO 2 , C 2 H 4 /CO 2 , and CH 4 /CO 2 (50/50). In contrast, YAU-7 exhibits higher uptake of CO 2 (55.70 ​cm3 ​g−1) compared with CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , and C 2 H 4 (27.39, 23.36, and 9.04 ​cm3 ​g−1) at 273 ​K. YAU-7 takes separation values for C 2 H 2 /CO 2 , C 2 H 4 /CO 2 , and CH 4 /CO 2 mixture (37.6, 22.7, and 31.2) significantly higher than the C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 /CH 4 , C 2 H 2 /CO 2 , C 2 H 4 /CH 4 mixture gas (1.30, 1.83, 1.67). The YAU-7 MOF is a promising material for CO 2 separation under ambient conditions. Mesoporous MOFs modified by 1D channels and column layer structure have been designed and synthesized as adsorption materials with excellent adsorption and separation properties. Image 1 • Design and prepare mesoporous MOF materials. • Column layer MOF possess 1D channel with dimensionality of 8.583 ​Å ​× ​12.593 ​Å. • YAU-7 MOF with excellent gas separation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel IAAPs were synthesized as potential BTK inhibitors. • 11a and 11b demonstrated strong inhibitory potency against BTK. • 11a displayed extremely strong antiproliferative activity against AML cell lines. • 11a and 11b could block the BTK cascade. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the Tec kinase family and plays a key role in the modulation of the B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated signaling pathway. Inhibition of BTK has been proven to be an effective therapeutic approach for various hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell leukemia (MCL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, a new series of imidazole group-substituted arylaminopyrimidines (IAAPs) were designed and synthesized as potent inhibitors of the enzymatic activity of BTK with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) ranging from 13.10 to 42.40 nM. In particular, 11a and 11b exhibited stronger antiproliferative activity against AML and B lymphomas cell lines compared with BTK inhibitor ibrutinib and showed low cytotoxicity against normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, analysis of the mechanism of action of these compounds revealed that 11a and 11b induced significant apoptosis in AML and B lymphoma cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G1/G0 or G2/M stage and blocked BTK autophosphorylation as well as the ensuing abrogation of pro-survival AKT and ERK signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that 11a and 11b might serve as valuable preclinical candidates for the treatment of AML and B-cell lymphoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inland water is very susceptible to the input of pollutants. However, little is known about the occurrence of antibiotics in inland lakes. In this study, a total of 83 target antibiotics were quantified in water and sediment samples collected from the Qinghai Lake, the largest inland lake of China located on the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, and its inflowing rivers. The results showed that 27 and 25 antibiotics were detected in water and sediments, respectively, with the summed concentrations (SUM) of 1.14–17.3 ng/L and 0.72–8.31 ng/g. Compared with the input rivers, significantly higher levels of sulfonamides (SAs), quinolones (QNs), polyethers (PEs), and SUM in water samples were observed in Qinghai Lake water. The average proportions of SAs (50.9–52.7%) and QNs (22.0–28.3%) in Qinghai Lake water nearly doubled compared to those in input rivers. An enrichment factor (EF) was proposed to reveal the enrichment degree of antibiotics in Qinghai Lake compared to its input river water. Sulfaguanidine (SGD), flumequine (FLU), and nalidixic acid (NDA) were enriched in Qinghai Lake up to several ten times based on the calculated EF values, due to their persistence in such a cold saline lake. Risk assessment showed that most antibiotics except anhydrochlortetracycline (ACTC) had insignificant risks to aquatic organisms and antibiotic resistance selection in Qinghai Lake water. This study was the first to reveal the enrichment of antibiotics in Qinghai Lake water, and suggests the urgent need to investigate the possible long-term enrichment and environmental risks of antibiotics in inland lakes. Image 1 • First attempt on the occurrence and levels of antibiotics in Qinghai Lake in China. • Levels of antibiotics in Qinghai Lake were lower than in other freshwater lakes. • SAs and QNs were enriched in Qinghai lake water than in the input river water. • Enrichment factors of SGD, FLU and NDA in Qinghai lake were up to dozens. • Most antibiotics had insignificant ecological risks to aquatic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the effects of five types of inorganic nanoparticles (INPs) on the 17β-estradiol (E2) adsorption to graphene oxide (GO). The results showed that INPs increased the equilibrium time for the adsorption of E2 to GO. Higher Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of INPs resulted in lower diffusion rate of E2, and thus the adsorption rate constant (k 2) calculated from pseudo-second-order kinetic model negatively correlated with the BET surface area of INPs (p = 0.037). In addition, INPs decreased the adsorption amount of E2 to GO, and the inhibition effects declined in the order of Al 2 O 3 > ZnO > TiO 2 > SiO 2 > Fe 2 O 3. This is determined by the interactions between GO and INPs. The positively charged ZnO and Al 2 O 3 strongly heteroaggregate with GO via electrostatic attraction, and then significantly inhibited E2 adsorption to GO. In contrast, the homoaggregation of GO was superior to its heteroaggregation with negatively charged SiO 2 and TiO 2 , and then lower inhibition of E2 adsorption to GO was induced. Fe 2 O 3 with less negative charge (−8.48 mV) led to the lowest inhibition effect on E2 adsorption to GO because of its preferable homoaggregation. The results were further confirmed by Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek calculation, transmission electron microscopy, and sedimentation experiments. This study revealed how the properties of INPs influence their effects on the adsorption of E2 by GO, and the findings are critical to understand the behavior and fate of GO and pollutants in natural aquatic environment. Image 1 • The influences of different INPs on E2 adsorption to GO were compared. • The rate constant of pseudo-second-order model (k 2) decreased in presence of INPs. • k 2 demonstrated a significant negative relation with the BET surface area of INPs. • The addition of INPs decreased the adsorption amount of E2 to GO. • The effects declined in the order of Al 2 O 3 > ZnO > TiO 2 > SiO 2 > Fe 2 O 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant population within the Lower Volta River Basin of Ghana relies solely on untreated groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) for various purposes. However, negative practices associated with increasing human activities pose threats to particularly GW quality in the basin. Using NO 3 − as a proxy, this study mainly focused on the status of GW contamination, origins of NO 3 − and potential human health risks through integrated hydrochemistry, correlation analysis, isotopes (15N, δ18O), Bayesian and USEPA human health risk models. Slightly acidic to alkaline GW and SW environments were observed. Electrical conductivity (EC) values above 1000 μS/cm were recorded in 45% of the GW with a maximum of 19370 μS/cm. NO 3 − in GW ranged from 0.12 to 733 mg/L with average 59.6 mg/L and positively correlated with K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, Na+ and EC. In SW, a maximum of 5.3 mg/L of NO 3 − was observed. Largely, 75% of the GW exceeded local background NO 3 − value of 2.1 mg/L, while 35% were above the WHO recommended value of 50 mg/L. Bivariate and correlation relationships elucidated human contributions to sources of NO 3 −, Cl−, SO 4 2− and K+ to GW in the basin. From NO 3 −/Cl− ratio, 43% of the GW and 21% of SW were affected by effluents and agrochemicals. Values for δ15N–NO 3 - and δ18O–NO 3 - ranged from +4.2‰ to +27.5‰ and +4.5‰ to +19.9‰ for GW, and from +3.8‰ to +14.0‰ and +10.7‰ to +25.2‰ for SW. Manure, septic effluents and mineralized fertilizers are sources of NO 3 − contamination of water in the basin. The Bayesian model apportioned 80% of GW NO 3 − contamination to sewage/manure. Hazard index indicated 70%, 50% and 48% medium to high-risk levels for infants, children and adults respectively, with 79% high-risk of SW NO 2 − contamination to infants. Immediate measures for GW and SW quality protection are recommended. Image 1 • Linkage established between NO 3 −, groundwater chemistry and anthropogenic impacts. • Manure, effluent and fertilizers are main sources of NO 3 − contamination. • The posterior probability distributions of groundwater NO 3 − varied significantly. • Medium to high human health risks posed by NO 3 − and NO 2 − in drinking water. • Outcomes can create awareness for groundwater quality protection and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium nitride (VN) with high conductivity exhibits the potential promising as anode materials for supercapacitors, but VN suffered the obvious performance fading due to the dissolution of VN in aqueous electrolyte. In this work, we solve these problems through realizing 3D structural VN microsheets shelled with N -doped carbon layer (VN@NC) by introducing melamine as nitrogen source and PVP as carbon source. The as-prepared VN@NC electrode display high capacitance of 368 F g−1 and good rate property. A solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with NiCo 2 O 4 nanowires as cathode materials and VN@NC as anode materials was fabricated. The ASC device exhibits the high energy density of 65.3 W h kg−1, and good cycling stability (92% capacitance retention) after 4000 cycles. Moreover, the ASC device shows good mechanical flexibility with negligible capacitance loss after 1000 bending cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Into a geometric setting, we import the physical interpretation of index theorems via semi-classical analysis in topological quantum field theory. We develop a direct relationship between Fedosov's deformation quantization of a symplectic manifold X and the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) quantization of a one-dimensional sigma model with target X . This model is a quantum field theory of AKSZ type and is quantized rigorously using Costello's homotopic theory of effective renormalization. We show that Fedosov's Abelian connections on the Weyl bundle produce solutions to the effective quantum master equation. Moreover, BV integration produces a natural trace map on the deformation quantized algebra. This formulation allows us to exploit a (rigorous) localization argument in quantum field theory to deduce the algebraic index theorem via semi-classical analysis, i.e., one-loop Feynman diagram computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene play an indispensable role in the field of life environment, industrial and agricultural production. However, their abnormal presence in the environment will seriously affect the ecological balance and human health. Therefore, it is very important to construct a simple, rapid, sensitive and effective Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene probe. Herein, Cd(TDPA)(TIB)] n (1), [Zn 3 (TDPA) 3 (TIB) 2 (H 2 O)] n (2), {[Cd(TDPA)(TPA)]·(H 2 O)} n (3), and {[Cd(TDPA) 0.5 (Cl)(TPA)]·(H 2 O)} n (4) with a high stability and strong fluorescence were fabricated (H 2 TDPA ​= ​3,3′-Thiodipropionic acid, TPA ​= ​Tris[4-(imidazole-lyl)pheny]amine, TIB ​= ​1,3,5-tris(1- imidazolyl)benzene). CP-1 shows a 2D structure, and CPs 2–4 presents a unique and novel 3D structure features. Further, CPs 1–4 as fluorescent probe exhibits distinguished performance for Fe3+, Cr 2 O 7 2− and nitrobenzene detection, and which not subjects to environmental interference and have high selectivity and accuracy. The excellent quenching percentage and detection limits are approximate to or exceed the permissible limits allowed by the USEPA, which proves its practical application value in the environment systems. Taking advantages of flexible carboxylic acids and triangular containing nitrogen ligands to design and synthetic four novel CPS with ideal stability and strong fluorescence properties. We demonstrate herein how to exploit the advantages of CPS, and develop a series of fluorescence sensing probe materials with excellent selectivity, sensitivity and quenching rates to identify Fe3+/Cr 2 O 7 2−/nitrobenzene in aqueous solutions. [Display omitted] • Design and construction of four novel Zn/Cd-CPs employ flexible carboxylic acid and triangular rigid nitrogen ligands. • Novel Zn/Cd-CPs with ideal stability and strong fluorescence properties can be suitable as fluorescence sensing probe materials. • Four Zn/Cd-CPs sensors showed excellent selectivity, sensitivity quenching rate, and successfully applied for monitoring Fe3+/Cr 2 O 7 2−/nitrobenzene in sewage samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods in global large rivers modulate the transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and estuarine hydrological characteristics significantly. This study investigated the impact of a severe flood on the sources and age of DOC in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) in 2020. Comparing the flood period in 2020 to the non-flood period in 2017, we found that the flood enhanced the transport of young DOC to the East China Sea (ECS), resulting in significantly enriched Δ14C-DOC values. During the flood period, the proportion of modern terrestrial organic carbon (OC) was significantly higher compared to the non-flood period. Conversely, the proportion of pre-aged sediment OC was significantly lower during the flood period. The high turbidity associated with the flood facilitated rapid transformation and mineralization of sedimentary and fresh terrestrial OC, modifying the sources of DOC. The flux of modern terrestrial OC transported to the ECS during the flood period was 1.58 times higher than that of the non-flood period. These findings suggest that floods can modulate the sources and decrease the age of DOC, potentially leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. Further research is needed to understand the long-term impacts of floods on DOC dynamics in global estuaries. [Display omitted] • The flood enhances the transport of young DOC in the YRE. • The flood modulates the sources of DOC in the YRE. • The proportion of modern terrestrial OC is higher during the flood period. • The high turbidity associated with the flood promotes the transformation of young OC. • The flux of modern terrestrial OC during the flood period is 1.58 times higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioavailable diverse dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in glacial meltwater significantly contributes to downstream carbon cycling in mountainous regions. However, the comprehension of molecular-level characteristics of riverine DOM, from tributary to downstream and their fate in glacier-fed desert rivers remains limited. Herein, we employed spectroscopic and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques to study both optical and molecular-level characteristics of DOM in the Tarim River catchment, northwest China. The results revealed that the DOC values in the downstream were higher than those in the tributaries, yet they remained comparable to those found in other glacier-fed streams worldwide. Five distinct components were identified using EEM-PARAFAC analysis in both tributary and downstream samples. The dominance of three protein-like components in tributary samples, contrasting with a higher presence of humic-like components in downstream samples, which implied that the dilution and alterations of the glacier DOM signature and overprinting with terrestrial-derived DOM. Molecular composition revealed that thousands of compounds with higher molecular weight and increased aromaticity were transformed, generated and introduced from terrestrial inputs during downstream transportation. The twofold rise in polycyclic aromatic and polyphenolic compounds observed downstream compared to tributaries indicated a greater influx of terrestrial organic matter introduced into the downstream during water transportation. The study suggests that the glacier-sourced DOM experienced minimal photodegradations, with limited influence from human activities, while also being shaped by terrestrial inputs during its transit in the alpine-arid region. This unique scenario offers valuable insights into comprehending the fate of DOM originating from glacial meltwater in arid mountainous regions. • The molecular-level study on DOM within a glacier-fed desert river. • The DOM mainly originating from autochthonous sources. • The diversities attributed primarily to terrestrial inputs within the Tarim River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• It is the first population PK study of LCM in Chinese children. • LCM clearance correlated more strongly with BSA than weight. • UA was potential factor that affecting the clearance. • Individualized dosing regimens based on BSA and UA were provided to pediatric patients. • Several remedial strategies were given to patients who missed or delayed doses. This study aims to investigate the effects on the pharmacokinetic (PK) of lacosamide (LCM), and to guide the individual dosing regimens for children and ones with poor medication adherence. Population PK research was performed based on 164 plasma samples of 113 pediatric patients aged from 1.75 to 14.42 years old. The PK characteristic of LCM was developed by a one-compartment model with first-order elimination. The typical value of apparent clearance (CL) and apparent volume of distribution (V d) was 1.91 L·h−1 and 56.53 L respectively. In the final model, the variability of CL was significantly associated with the body surface area (BSA) and elevated uric acid (UA) level. In contrast, the impact of some prevalent anti-seizure medicines, such as valproic acid, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, and perampanel, and gene polymorphisms of Cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19, ATP-binding cassette (ABC)B1, and ABCC2 had no clinical significance on the PK parameters of LCM. BSA-based dosing regimen of LCM was provided according to Monte Carlo simulation approach; while the dosage should reduce half in patients with an UA level of more than 400 μmol·L-1 comparing with an UA level of 100 μmol·L-1. Individualize remedial doses of about 0.5- to 1.5-fold of regular doses were recommended in six common scenarios of missed or delayed doses, that depended on the delayed time. In current study, the population PK model of LCM in children with epilepsy was developed successfully. The BSA-based dosing regimen and individualized remedial strategy were recommended to guarantee the precise administration of LCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune uveitis (AU) is a severe disorder causing poor vision and blindness. However, the cellular dynamics and pathogenic mechanisms underlying retinal injury in uveitis remain unclear. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing of the retina and cervical draining lymph nodes in experimental autoimmune uveitis mice was conducted to identify the cellular spatiotemporal dynamics and upregulation of the glycolysis-related gene LDHA. Suppression of LDHA can rescue the imbalance of T effector (Teff) cells/T regulator (Treg) cells under inflammation via downregulation of the glycolysis-PI3K signaling circuit and inhibition of the migration of CXCR4+ Teff cells towards retinal tissue. Furthermore, LDHA and CXCR4 are upregulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients. The LDHA inhibitor suppresses CD4+ T cell proliferation in humans. Therefore, our data indicate that the autoimmune environment of uveitis regulates Teff cell accumulation in the retina via glycolysis-associated LDHA. Modulation of this target may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treating AU. • Glycolysis-associated LDHA promotes inflammation in uveitis. • LDHA promotes glycolysis-PI3K loop to induce Teff/Treg cells imbalance in uveitis. • LDHA fuels CXCR4+ Teff cells trafficking towards retina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Electrocarboxylation of olefins with carbon dioxide (CO 2) is a potential approach to produce carboxylates as synthetic intermediates of polymer and pharmaceuticals. Nonetheless, due to the intrinsic inertness of CO 2 at ambient conditions, the electrocarboxylation efficiency has been quite limited, typically with high applied potentials and low current densities. In this work, we demonstrate that nitrogen-coordinated single-atomic copper sites on carbon framework (Cu/N C) served as an excellent electrocatalyst for electrocarboxylation of styrene with CO 2. The Cu/N C catalyst allowed to efficiently activate CO 2 , followed by nucleophilic attack to carboxylate styrene to produce phenylsuccinic acid, thus leading the reaction toward the CO 2 activation pathway. The enhanced CO 2 activation capability enabled increased selectivity and activity for electrocarboxylation of styrene. The Faradaic efficiency of electrocarboxylation was 92%, suggesting most of the activated CO 2 proceeded to react with styrene rather than direct reduction to CO or CH 4. The electrocarboxylation exhibited almost 100% product selectivity toward phenylsuccinic acid, with a high partial current density of 58 mA·cm−2 at −2.2 V (vs. Ag/AgI), corresponding to an outstanding production rate of 216 mg·cm−2·h−1, substantially exceeding previously reported works. Our work suggests an exciting perspective in electrocarboxylation of olefins by rational design of CO 2 activation electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks with open active sites and appropriate pore size show great application promises in gas storage and separation due to their structural characteristics and functionality can be adjusted and controlled. Based on a benzimidazole and carboxylate decorated new MOF, [Cd(PCA) 2 ] n, (YAU-1, HPCA=(2-(pyrid-4′-yl)-benzimidazole-5- carboxylic acid) has been gained under solvent-thermal conditions. Each dinuclear [Cd 2 ] unit are linked through PCA− ligands to obtain a 2D layer structure, and the 2D structure is further connected by PCA− ligands to form the 3D framework of YAU-1. Remarkably, the un-coordinated benzimidazole and pyridine groups of PCA− ligand not only provide the 1D channels with exposed N atoms to create a mesoporous environment but also stabilizes 3D framework by π⋯π stacking. Taking advantage of these structural characteristics, YAU-1 shows different adsorption capacity for CO 2 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 and CH 4 , and remarkable separation effect of C 2 H 2 /CH 4 , C 2 H 4 /CH 4 and CO 2 /CH 4. The research on the configuration-effect relationship of YAU-1 provides a promising methods to design and construction materials with high gas uptake and separation performance. Mesoporous MOFs modified by 1D channels and bare nitrogen-donor sites have been synthesized as adsorption materials with excellent adsorption and separation properties. Image 1 • Design and synthesize mesoporous MOFs materials. • Mesoporous MOFs with 1D channels, bare nitrogen-donor sites and high chemical stability. • Mesoporous MOFs with excellent gas adsorption and separation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over-expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is related to aggressive tumors and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Trastuzumab (TRA) resistance leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis, resulting in poor prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer. POU Class 4 Homeobox 1 (POU4F1) is a member of the POU domain family transcription factors, and has a key role in regulating cancers. However, its effects on TRA-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer are still vague. In the present study, we found that POU4F1 expression was dramatically increased in clinical breast cancer specimens with TRA resistance. Higher POU4F1 was also detected in HER2-positive breast cancer cells with TRA resistance than that of the parental ones. Poor prognosis was detected in breast cancer patients with high POU4F1 expression. Under TRA treatment, POU4F1 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferative capacity of HER2-positive breast cancer cells with TRA resistance. POU4F1 silence also sensitized resistant HER-positive breast cancer cells to TRA treatment in vivo using a xenograft mouse model, along with the markedly reduced tumor growth rate and tumor weight. Moreover, we found that POU4F1 deletion greatly decreased the activation of mitogen-activated or extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways in breast cancer cells with TRA resistance. Migration and invasion were also effectively hindered by POU4F1 knockdown in TRA-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Notably, we found that POU4F1 deletion-improved chemosensitivity of HER2-positive breast cancer cells with drug-resistance to TRA treatment was closely associated with the blockage of ERK1/2 signaling. Collectively, our findings reported a critical role of POU4F1 in regulating TRA resistance, and demonstrated the underlying molecular mechanisms in HER2-positive breast cancer. Thus, POU4F1 may be a promising prognostic and therapeutic target to develop effective treatment for overcoming TRA resistance. • POU4F1 suppression reduces the proliferation and tumor growth in HER2-positive breast cancer. • POU4F1 knockdown inhibits migration and invasion in HER2-positive breast cancer cells through mediating ERK1/2 signaling. • POU4F1 is clinically correlated with the activation of MEK/ERK signaling in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive, irreversible inflammatory and fibrotic disease. The characteristics of this disease are progressive inflammation, acinar atrophy and fibrosis. Numerous factors are involved in CP such as inflammation, and oxidative stress. Recently, it has been noted that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) reduced the severity of acute pancreatitis in mice. However, whether FGF-21 has effects on CP remains unclear. Thus, the present study was undertaken to detect the effects of FGF-21 on l -arginine induced chronic pancreatitis/islet fibrosis in mice. We used l -arginine to create a CP model in C57BL/6 mice and treated these mice with FGF-21. Compared to normal mice, blood glucose and intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) revealed significant impairment in CP animal model. CP mice also had acinar atrophy, loss of pancreas morphology, inflammatory cells infiltration, extensive deposition of collagen, elevated -SMA expression, collagen I expression, serum amylase activity, MPO activity and MDA level. All these pathological changes were significantly improved by FGF-21 treatment. Moreover, FGF-21 ameliorated inflammatory state in the serum, pancreas and peritoneal macrophages of CP mice. Furthermore, we also found that FGF-21 could regulate differentiation of macrophages so as to improve pancreatic fibrogenesis in CP mice. Taken together, our study identifies the beneficial role of FGF-21 in CP and suggests that FGF-21 improves pancreatic fibrogenesis in CP via the mTOR pathway. • FGF-21 improves pancreatic architecture in chronic pancreatitis. • FGF-21 ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic pancreatitis. • FGF-21 improves pancreatic fibrogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubisco-based engineered Escherichia coli MZLFB ( E. coli BL21(DE3) Δ zwf , Δ ldh , Δ frd ) containing heterologous phosphoribulokinase (Prk) and Ribulose-1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) was constructed for the mixotrophic growth. However, in situ CO 2 recycling was hindered by clogs of pyruvate during glucose metabolism, which consequently resulted in an insufficient regeneration of NAD + through the pflB -mediated ethanol production. Recombinant plasmid pLOI295 (encodes pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase II, referred to as the Pdc-based carbon tap valve (CTV) for convenience) was introduced into E. coli MZLFB + CTV to bypass the pflB -mediated ethanol production. Results show that while the C-2/C-1 ratio ( i.e., the molar ratio of ethanol and acetate to formate and total CO 2 ) for parental strain MZLFB was 1.0 ± 0.1, the C-2/C-1 for MZLFB + CTV increased to 1.6 ± 0.1. This indicates that the Pdc-based CTV enhanced the performance of in situ CO 2 recycling. By simultaneously utilizing glucose and CO 2 , the fermentation product yield of MZLFB + CTV exceeded the normal theoretical yield and reached 2.2 ± 0.0 (mol/mol). In silico analysis shows that 61% of the glucose consumption went through the Rubisco-based engineered pathway when the CTV was equipped. Also shown are the average CO 2 consumption rate of 55.3 mg L −1 ·h −1 and an average ethanol production rate of 144.8 mg L −1 ·h −1 . The conversion of CO 2 to ethanol through the Rubisco-based engineered pathway and the Pdc-based carbon tap valve is important for mixotrophic growth, since these two modules serve as the energy sink to achieve intracellular energy balance. Also, during mixotrophic growth, ATP production from a certain percentage (39% in this study) of the EMP pathway activity is needed for mixotrophic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we report the phylogeographic history of Clintonia udensis Trautv. & Mey. (Liliaceae) inferred from two types of chloroplast DNA markers, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequences. Eighty samples were collected from 20 natural populations, 19 located in China and one in Japan, across the entire range of the species in East Asia. High genetic diversity (h T(PCR-RFLP)=0.972, h T(sequencing)=0.874) and significant differentiation (N ST(PCR-RFLP)=0.893, N ST(sequencing)=0.988 and G ST(PCR-RFLP)=0.777, G ST(sequencing)=0.978) were detected at the species level. These findings are consistent with a scenario of clonal reproduction and locally restricted gene exchange. The level of diversity of tetraploid populations was slightly greater than that of diploid populations. Significant molecular variation was found between tetraploids and diploids. Tetraploids may be autopolyploids and may have formed repeatedly in different locations. At least three regions of origin could be recognized. Twenty-six distinct haplotypes were identified. Haplotype frequency distributions were strongly skewed, with most haplotypes (n =25) represented by only one sample each and thus restricted to a single population. Non-overlapping distributions of cpDNA haplotypes and strong genetic differentiation among populations and/or different ploid level were consistent with the findings of a nested clade analysis, which inferred long-distance colonization as the major process influencing the spatial haplotype distribution of this species. Nested clade analysis showed that the 26 haplotypes formed two 3-step, four 2-step and eleven 1-step clades, with twelve clades showing significant geographical associations. Higher N ST than G ST (P <0.05) suggested a distinct phylogeographical pattern. Based on mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests, we found no evidence of population expansion in the species. Our analyses indicate that the history of C. udensis involved both long-distance migration and the tectonic events of Mountains in East Asia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: QTLs for quality traits of northern-style hand-made Chinese steamed bread (CSB) were mapped based on recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between two Chinese winter wheat varieties, Chuang 35050 and Shannong 483. We detected eight putative QTLs for eight quality traits on seven chromosomes, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5B, 5D, 6B and 7B. The contributions of QTLs ranged from 9.88 to 64.87%. The additive effects of QTLs for color, elasticity, and stickiness were positive, with Chuan 35050 increasing the effects. Additive effects for volume, specific volume, appearance, smell, and total score were negative, with Shannong 483 increasing the effects. Two co-location QTLs were detected in the marker region Xgwm644–Xgwm193–Xgwm608b on chromosome 6B. The contributions of four QTLs for appearance, stickiness, smell and total score were very high (29.80–64.87%), indicating that these traits are controlled by major gene loci. The contribution of the smell QTL in Xissr25b–Xissr23b–Xwmc308–Xsrap7c on chromosome 4A was the highest (64.87%). We speculate that a major gene related to the smell or taste is located on chromosome 4A. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Established a generic tool flank wear model with adjustable coefficients; • Identified the relationship of the critical times to the adjustable coefficients in the model; • Defined a method to predicate tool life with the wear model; • Proposed an intelligent approach for online tool life prognosis. Tool wear condition is a key factor in milling which directly affects machining precision and part quality. It is essential to seek a convenient method to model and predict tool states. A generic wear model with adjustable coefficients is proposed and validated in this study. Considering the inner mechanisms of different wear stages, the entire tool life is split into three mainly wear zones by critical time, which correspond to three main types of wear: running-in wear, adhesive wear, and three-body abrasive wear. The wear model is validated based on the experimental data, compared with other celebrated wear models, and then further improved to enhance the adaptability and generalization. It is shown that the generalized wear model can discriminate tool wear ranges accurately. The determination coefficient of the wear model is more than 98% with the experimental data. Based on the proposed model, an approach for tool life prognosing and tool wear condition evaluating is proposed. The predictive real-time monitoring data of tool life and wear can be obtained timely with a genetic algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]