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Mechanism of PMS activation by the MPCBs/PMS system. [Display omitted] Magnetic carbon-based catalysts are promising materials for advanced oxidation processes, offering both high catalytic activity and environmental friendliness, and hold great potential in environmental remediation. In this work, Fe and Co zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) derived micron-sized magnetic porous carbon beads (MPCBs) were prepared by phase inversion and following the carbonization procedure, and the morphological and structural characteristics of the MPCBs were confirmed. The presence of pores and channels in the MPCBs provides a specific microenvironment for the for the catalysis of the core. Bisphenol A (BPA) was selected for the targeted pollutant, and the catalytic experiments confirmed that the effective catalytic activity of MPCBs in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), which could almost completely degrade BPA in 20 min with a reaction rate of 0.368 min−1. Furthermore, the MPCBs were used to effectively bacterial inactivation. Intermediate products of the BPA degradation process were validated and the toxicological studies showed a gradual decrease in toxicity, indicating effective reduction of potential hazards. The macroscopic preparation methods we developed for MPCBs that is promising for industrial applications and has the potential to cope with complex environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D hierarchical network ultralight RGOF/MoS 2 samples: design, production and their extraordinary comprehensive microwave absorption properties. [Display omitted] Using previous models and theories to construct and develop high-efficient microwave absorbers (MAs) should be a strategic and effective ways to optimize the electromagnetic wave attenuation. Herein, the ultralow density and flexible graphene oxide foam (GOF) and reduced graphene oxide foam (RGOF)/MoS 2 nanosheets were designed and fabricated by the method of chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal reaction. The obtained GOF and RGOF/MoS 2 samples exhibited very excellent microwave absorption properties while their densities were merely 0.0082 and 0.0084 g•cm−3, respectively. More importantly, benefiting from the excellent synergistic effect between RGOF and MoS 2 , the designed RGOF/MoS 2 well inherited the combined advantages of GOF and MoS 2 in terms of strong absorption abilities, broad absorption bandwidth and thin matching thicknesses. The values of minimum reflection loss and effective frequency bandwidth for RGOF/MoS 2 sample could reach up to −62.92 dB with the matching thickness of 2.27 mm and 4.48 GHz with the matching thickness of 2.12 mm, which were very desirable for high-performance MAs. Moreover, the obtained results indicated that the microwave absorption properties of RGOF/MoS 2 sample could be further optimized by regulating the MoS 2 content. Therefore, a new and effective strategy was proposed to develop high efficiency MAs with ultra-lightweight, wide-band, thin thickness and strong absorption capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) precipitates cellular membrane degeneration, phospholipid degradation, neuronal demise, impaired brain electrical activity, and compromised neuroplasticity, ultimately leading to acute and chronic brain dysfunction. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is an emerging brain therapy with the characteristics of non-invasive, high spatial resolution, and high stimulation depth. Herein, we established a controlled cortical impact model to investigate the potential reparative mechanisms of LIPUS in TBI, employing a multi-faceted research methodology encompassing behavioral assessments, immunofluorescence, neuroelectrophysiology, scratch detection of primary cortical neurons, metabolomics and transcriptomics. Our findings demonstrate that LIPUS promotes hippocampal neurogenesis following brain injury, accomplished through the elevation of phosphatidylcholine levels in the hippocampus of TBI mice. Consequently, LIPUS enhances neural electrical activity and augments neural plasticity within the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, effectively restoring neuronal function and cognitive capabilities in TBI mice. These findings shed light on the promising role of LIPUS in TBI brain rehabilitation, offering new perspectives and theoretical foundations for future studies in this domain. • LIPUS improves cognitive dysfunction caused by TBI. • LPUS restores theta rhythms in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus in TBI mice. • LIPUS treatment elevates phosphatidylcholine levels in the hippocampus of TBI mice. • LIPUS Treatment Enhances Brain Injury Recovery via Neurogenesis and Differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic illustration of core@shell structure flower-like Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 NCs, the interfacial dipole and potential step in this designed NCs, their comparison diagrams with the recently representative related NCs and the tunable frequency position corresponding to strong MA capabilities. It is still a great challenge to develop high-performance microwave absorption materials (MAMs). Herein, we first proved the excellent synergistic effect of Fe 3 O 4 /MoS 2 heterostructure based on the theoretical calculations. To effectively utilize the synergistic effect and morphology, core and shell-interchangeable Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 and MoS 2 @Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites (NCs) were elaborately constructed. By controlling the hydrothermal temperature, different MoS 2 morphologies and contents of Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 NCs were produced, which simultaneously displayed the optimal reflection loss (RL) values (~−50 dB), broad absorption bandwidth (⩾ 5. 0 GHz) and high chemical stabilities. With the synthesis temperature increasing from 170 °C to 200 °C, their outstanding microwave absorption (MA) capabilities moved towards the high frequency region and thin matching thickness. Impressively, the Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 obtained at 200 °C presented a minimum RL value of −50.75 dB with the thickness of 2.90 mm and an absorption bandwidth of 5.0 GHz with the thickness of 1.71 mm, and the excellent MA capabilities (RL values <−30 dB) with the low matching thicknesses (<2 mm) could be observed in the frequency range of X and Ku bands. Moreover, compared to the reverse structure MoS 2 @Fe 3 O 4 , the core@shell structure Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 exhibited evidently superior MA comprehensive properties in terms of low optimal RL value, broad absorption bandwidth and high chemical stability, which could be ascribed to the improved impedance matching and microwave attenuation characteristics. Generally, the proposed flower-like core@shell structure Fe 3 O 4 @MoS 2 NCs presented very extraordinary MA comprehensive properties, which were very attractive candidates for high-performance MAMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexavalent chromium (Cr), one of the most common heavy metals, is widely found in contaminated soil and groundwater. Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is used to treat Cr(VI) in polluted groundwater. However, due to agglomeration, rapid sedimentation, and limited mobility of nanoparticles in the aquatic environment, nZVI is not widely used in groundwater treatment. In this study, we used sodium alginate (SA) to modify nZVI to generate dispersed SA-nZVI. SA-nZVI particles were found to embed in the polymer material and exist as an amorphous state with a diameter less than 100 nm. Compared with traditional nZVI and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-nZVI, SA-nZVI had better stability and higher absolute zeta potential. The presence of SA enhanced mobility of nZVI and effectively prevented sedimentation and aggregation. Furthermore, SA-nZVI had a higher Cr(VI) removal rate than (CMC)-nZVI under both acidic and alkaline conditions. XPS analysis showed that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) and formed Cr(OH) 3 as precipitates after treatment with SA-nZVI. In addition, NO 3 − had no effect on the final removal rate of Cr(VI) by SA-nZVI. These results suggest that SA-nZVI has high penetration and a high removal rate in Cr(VI) removal and can be used to stabilize nZVI to remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater in the future. • Sodium alginate was used to disperse nZVI to develop a new type nZVI material (SA-nZVI). • SA-nZVI has higher penetration and higher removal rate than traditional nZVI in chromium removal. • SA-nZVI is a promising material for Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater remediation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems can be operated intermittently through wetting-drying cycles to simultaneously improve the water supply and quality. Although MAR can naturally attenuate considerable amounts of nitrogen, the dynamic processes and control mechanisms of nitrogen removal by intermittent MAR remain unclear. This study was conducted in laboratory sandy columns and lasted for 23 d, including four wetting periods and three drying periods. The hydraulic conductivity, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), and leaching concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of MAR systems were intensively measured to test the hypothesis that hydrological and biogeochemical controls play an essential role in regulating nitrogen dynamics at different stages of wetting-drying cycles. Intermittent MAR functioned as a sink for nitrogen while providing a carbon source to support nitrogen transformations; however, it occasionally became a source of nitrogen under intense flushes of preferential flow. Nitrogen dynamics were primarily controlled by hydrological processes in the initial wetting phase and were further regulated by biogeochemical processes during the subsequent wetting period, supporting our hypothesis. We also observed that a saturated zone could mediate nitrogen dynamics by creating anaerobic conditions for denitrification and buffering the flush effect of preferential flow. The drying duration can also affect the occurrence of preferential flow and nitrogen transformations, which should be balanced when determining the optimal drying duration for intermittent MAR systems. • Intermittent managed aquifer recharge overall functioned as a sink for nitrogen. • Nitrogen dynamics and their controls vary with different stages of recharging. • Saturated zone can create an anerobic condition for denitrification. • Drying duration can mediate control mechanisms and thus nitrogen dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An efficient non-uniform motion deblurring network is proposed to introduce edge information to guide image deblurring task. • A new Multi-stream Adaptive Fusion Module (MAFM) is designed to focus on crucial information in different information flows. • A novel Dense Attention Feature Extraction Module (DAFEM) is developed to obtain significant recovery information. • Edge loss and perceptual loss are introduced to optimize the generator to improve the image restoration effect. Non-uniform motion deblurring has been a challenging problem in the field of computer vision. Currently, deep learning-based deblurring methods have made promising achievements. In this paper, we propose a new joint strong edge and multi-stream adaptive fusion network to achieve non-uniform motion deblurring. The edge map and the blurred map are jointly used as network inputs and Edge Extraction Network (EEN) guides the Deblurring Network (DN) for image recovery and to complement the important edge information. The Multi-stream Adaptive Fusion Module (MAFM) adaptively fuses the edge information and features from the encoder and decoder to reduce feature redundancy to avoid image artifacts. Furthermore, the Dense Attention Feature Extraction Module (DAFEM) is designed to focus on the severely blurred regions of blurry images to obtain important recovery information. In addition, an edge loss function is added to measure the difference of edge features between the generated and clear images to further recover the edges of the deblurred images. Experiments show that our method outperforms currently public methods in terms of PSNR, SSIM and VIF, and generates images with less blur and sharper edges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effluents of textile industries caused serious environmental problem throughout the world. In this study, a total of 23 bacterial strains from five bacterial species were isolated from the dye effluent. Of these strains, a unique and novel Enterobacter aerogenes ES014 was utilized for dye decolourization and toxicity analysis. The selected strain could effectively decolourize three selected azo dyes. It showed the capability for decolourizing acid orange (82.3 ± 3.6%), methyl orange (78.2 ± 3.3%), and congo red (81.5 ± 3.2%). The selected bacterial strain significantly decolourized 100 mg/L acid orange at 35 °C, pH 7.5 with 6% sodium chloride concentration. Most of the tested nitrogen and carbon sources effectively enhanced decolourization process. It showed the ability to decolourize acid orange in the culture medium containing 1.5% glucose (100 ± 2.8%) and 0.8% beef extract (100 ± 3.1%). A laboratory-scale batch bioreactor was used to decolourize azo dye at optimized culture conditions. The decolourizing ability improved with 100 mL/h hydraulic retention time. The treated wastewater quality was improved due to sharp depletion of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), alkalinity and sulphate concentration. The selected bacteria has the potential to produce dye degrading laccase. Laccase was detected during fermentation process in batch bioreactor as a key enzyme for decolourization produced by E. aerogenes ES014. Phytotoxicity and acute toxicity analysis were performed using Arachis hypogaea (pea nut) seed and first instar larvae of Artemia parthenogenetica (brine shrimp). The seed germination rate of treated wastewater was improved (94.3 ± 1.8%) and enhanced survival rate (91.7 ± 2.9%) in the first instar Artemia larvae treated with wastewater after 24 h. Overall, E. aerogenes ES014, might be a promising bacterial strain for the treatment of textile effluents with high azo dye concentrations. • Azo dye degrading bacteria were screened from the industrial dye effluent. • Isolated strains decolourized acid orange, methyl orange and congo red effectively. • The optimized culture conditions improved dye degrading potential. • Enterobacter aerogenes ES014 degraded azo dye and improved wastewater quality. • Laccase producing ability of this strain improved azo dye degrading ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The developed tire lateral force considers yaw, lateral and longitudinal dynamics. • The vehicle yaw and lateral motions are related to the acceleration as a disturbance. • Balancing multiple objectives/constraints to improve vehicle overall stability. In extreme driving situations, the coupling between the longitudinal and lateral vehicle motion becomes significant with the highly nonlinear tire forces and influences vehicle overall stability. To address the above problem, a model predictive controller is proposed for four wheels independent motor-drive electric vehicles. Firstly, a LuGre combined-slip tire model is developed to describe the coupling nonlinearity of the tire. The variation of longitudinal velocity is considered a disturbance term in the vehicle dynamics model to consider its effect on vehicle stability. Then, the multiple objectives, including tracking the reference values of the yaw rate and lateral velocity, suppressing the tire slip ratios, and reducing the torque energy consumptions, are balanced by the additional torque generated by the designed model-based controller. The safety and actuator constraints are considered concurrently. Finally, the proposed controller is tested via co-simulation with CarSim and MATLAB/Simulink, and a hardware-in-loop system with extreme maneuvers. The results show that the handling performance, longitudinal and lateral stability are effectively improved under extreme conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Unlike common neural network models, we propose a new whole heart segmentation framework based on improved Deep Forest, which is interpretable. It adopts the idea of ensemble learning and combines the methods of bagging and boosting. • We employ hybrid feature fusion, multi-scale fusion and multi-resolution fusion to increase model diversity and segmentation accuracy, and further compare different feature's importance. • Compared to the neural network models, our model can complete training in a shorter time and is more efficient. Automatic whole heart segmentation plays an important role in the treatment and research of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we propose an improved Deep Forest framework, named Multi-Resolution Deep Forest Framework (MRDFF), which accomplishes whole heart segmentation in two stages. We extract the heart region by binary classification in the first stage, thus avoiding the class imbalance problem caused by too much background. The results of the first stage are then subdivided in the second stage to obtain accurate cardiac substructures. In addition, we also propose hybrid feature fusion, multi-resolution fusion and multi-scale fusion to further improve the segmentation accuracy. Experiments on the public dataset MM-WHS show that our model can achieve comparable accuracy in about half the training time of neural network models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanism of PMS activation by the FeCo/CNS/PMS system. [Display omitted] • FeCo/CNS is synthesized through a facile impregnation and followed by a pyrolysis process. • FeCo/CNS effectively activates PMS to degrade organic pollutants (BPA and TC) and demonstrates notable efficacy in bacterial inactivation. • Potential intermediates were identified through a combination of LC-MS and theoretical computational analysis. Magnetic carbon-based catalysts with environmental friendliness have exhibited prominent effects on advanced oxidation processes. Herein, a multi-level FeCo/ N -doped carbon nanosheet (FeCo/CNS) was synthesized by facile impregnation iron-cobalt salt onto cotton and followed by confined pyrolysis. We identified excellent advantages of the modified FeCo/CNS materials: (i) The convenience of the synthesis method and (ii) The dual effect of sterilization and contaminant degradation achieved through the FeCo/CNS-activated Peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The comparative experimental showed that FeCo/CNS could provide favorable catalytic performance, completely removing bisphenol A (BPA) and tetracycline (TC) within 5 min. Moreover, the potent sterilization properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also verified. Analysis of the degradation pathway confirmed the existence of intermediates, and toxicological research demonstrated that the toxicity of the degradation intermediates of BPA gradually decreased over time. Our research provided an excellent application of FeCo/CNS in PMS oxidation and sterilization inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two Satsuma mandarin varieties from three typical regions in China were studied. • Physicochemical, nutritional, and enzymatic properties were compared. • Both variety and growing region affected Satsuma mandarin qualities significantly. • Satsuma mandarins from different varieties and regions were well separated by PCA. • The data obtained will provide beneficial guidance for fruit processing. Two Satsuma mandarin varieties (Miyagawa and Owari) from three typical cultivation regions in China (Zhejiang, Hubei, and Hunan province) were selected, and their physicochemical, nutritional, and enzymatic properties were comparatively studied. The results showed that Satsuma mandarin exhibited differences in quality parameters from both variety and region. From the principal component analysis (PCA), the samples were clearly distinguished. The L* , a* , b* , juice yield, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), amino acid (AA), and carotenoid content of samples were more influenced by regions. The data obtained in this study will facilitate the characteristic evaluation of Satsuma mandarin and provide beneficial guidance for fruit processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We propose a cascading Transformer to address the computational bottleneck of the Transformer in handling complex tasks with blurry images. • We propose the Deep Separable Attention (DSA) mechanism to replace the vanilla self-attention mechanism, which can capture specific areas of blur in the image and calculate attention scores across feature dimensions. • We propose the Double-Flow Gate (DFG) to enhance the model's nonlinearity, control the output of specific blurry information, and improve deblurring performance. In dynamic scenes, motion blur can often occur, which is non-uniform and can be difficult to remove. Recently, the Transformer has shown excellent performance in various image-related tasks such as classification, recognition, and segmentation. Using a Transformer-based backbone network has also shown potential advantages in image deblurring. However, the computational complexity of Transformers increases quadratically with spatial resolution, making it difficult to apply to high-resolution images. To address the above issue, we propose a cascade Transformer (Casformer) that consists of two key modules: Deep Separable Attention (DSA) and Double-Flow Gate (DFG). Our approach effectively reduces computational complexity while suppressing blurry information. Additionally, we discovered an inconsistency between training and testing images during the image restoration process. We addressed this issue by experimentally verifying an inference aggregation method (IAM) that independently predicts patches during inference to address the problem of imbalanced information distribution. Experimental results demonstrate that our design performs well on GoPro and other datasets, e.g. 29.20 dB PSNR on RealBlur-J, exceeding the previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) 0.14 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Carbon dots (CDs) provides unprecedented opportunities for optical applications due its unique properties, but the energy-extensive consumption, high-risk factor and time-consuming synthesis procedure greatly hinders its industrialization process. Herein, we proposed an ultra-low energy consumption solvent-free synthetic strategy for fast preparing green/red fluorescence carbon dots (G-/R-CDs) using m-/o-phenylenediamine and primary amine hydrochloride. The involvement of primary amine hydrochloride can improve the formation rate of G-CDs/R-CDs through effectively absorbing microwave energy and providing acid react environment. The developed CDs exhibit good fluorescence efficiency, optical stability and membrane permeability for dexterous bioimaging in vivo. Based on inherently high nitrogen content, the G-CDs/R-CDs possess excellent nuclear/nucleolus targeting ability, and were successfully applied for screening cancer and normal cells. Furthermore, the G-CDs/R-CDs were further applied for fabricating high-safety and high-color rendering index white light-emitting diodes, providing a perfect candidate for indoor lighting. This study opens up new horizons for advancing practical applications of CDs in related fields of biology and optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a severe threat to the global public health and economy, however, effective drugs to treat COVID-19 are still lacking. Here, we employ a deep learning-based drug repositioning strategy to systematically screen potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug candidates that target the cell entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 virus from 2635 FDA-approved drugs and 1062 active ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine herbs. In silico molecular docking analysis validates the interactions between the top compounds and host receptors or viral spike proteins. Using a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system, we further identify several drug candidates including Fostamatinib, Linagliptin, Lysergol and Sophoridine that can effectively block the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 variants into human lung cells even at a nanomolar scale. These efforts not only illuminate the feasibility of applying deep learning-based drug repositioning for antiviral agents by targeting a specified mechanism, but also provide a valuable resource of promising drug candidates or lead compounds to treat COVID-19. • A host-directed drug repurposing targeting the cell entry mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. • Three independent deep learning methods for drug repurposing. • Thousands of approved drugs and natural compounds for repurposing. • Validation of top drug candidates by molecular docking and virus entry assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash contains large amounts of Ca, Si, and other elements, giving it the potential to be used as a raw material for cement production. However, fly ash often contains a high content of salts, which greatly limits its blending ratio during cement production. These salts are commonly removed via water washing, but this process is affected by the nature and characteristics of fly ash. To clarify the influence of the ash characteristics on salt removal, a total of 60 fly ash samples from 13 incineration plants were collected, characterized, and washed. The ash characterization and cluster analysis showed that the incinerator type and flue gas purification technology/process significantly influenced the ash characteristics. Washing removed a high percentage of salts from fly ash, but the removal efficiencies varied significantly from each other, with the chlorine removal efficiency ranging from 73.76% to 96.48%, while the sulfate removal efficiency ranged from 6.92% to 51.47%. Significance analysis further revealed that the salt removal efficiency varied not only between the ash samples from different incinerators, but also between samples collected at different times from the same incinerator. The high variance of the 60 ash samples during salt removal was primarily ascribed to their different mineralogical and chemical characteristics. Mineralogical analysis of the raw and washed ash samples showed that the mineralogical forms and proportion of these salts in each ash sample greatly influenced their removal. The presence of less-soluble and insoluble chloride salts (e.g., CaClOH, Ca 2 Al(OH) 6 (H 2 O) 2 Cl etc.) in fly ash significantly affected the chlorine removal efficiency. This study also found that Fe, Mn, and Al in fly ash were negatively correlated with the dechlorination efficiency of fly ash. In summary, the different physical and chemical properties of fly ash caused great discrepancies in salt removal. Consequently, it is suggested to consider the potential impact of the ash source and ash generation time on salt removal to ensure a reliable treatment efficiency for engineering applications. • Incinerator type and gas purification process considerably affect ash property. • Water washing could remove 73.76–96.48% of chlorine from MSWI fly ash. • Fly ash characteristics pose a significant influence on chlorine removal. • Ash blending ratio in cement kiln increased from 0.14–0.23% to 0.31–2.69% after washing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilized a quasi-experimental design to investigate the impact of different scaffoldings and inner speech on learning motivation, flexible thinking, and individual academic achievement in a technology-enhanced learning environment. The sample consisted of 181 college students in China who were randomly assigned to one of four groups: the procedural-scaffolding group, the conceptual-scaffolding group, the conceptual-and-procedural scaffolding group, and the control group. The data were analysed using a two-way ANCOVA and planned comparisons. The findings revealed that the conceptual-and-procedural scaffolding group exhibited higher scores in learning motivation, flexible thinking, and academic achievement than the conceptual or procedural scaffolding groups. No interaction effect was observed between the types of scaffolding and the level of inner speech on learning motivation. The reasons for the superior performance of the conceptual scaffolding group compared to the procedural scaffolding group and the absence of an interaction effect between the two independent variables have been thoroughly discussed. These findings have important implications for future studies aimed at enhancing education and research. • An experimental study exploring students' learning motivation, flexible thinking, and academic achievement was done by the effect of scaffolding. • The 181 samples were analyzed. • Several data analyses,such as descriptive analyses, two-way ANCOVA, and planned comparison, were analysed. • Possible research issues in the future and educational implications of scaffolding on students' cognitive behaviours were proposed. • The effects of conceptual scaffolding and procedural scaffolding on students' behaviors were reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physico-chemical characteristics of N fertilizers remain poorly understood with respect to their use with rape (Brassica napus L.) to remediate Cd-contaminated soil. In this work, eight types of fertilizer (comprising physico-chemical alkaline, neutral, and acidic N fertilizers) were employed to assess the effect of soil remediation via rape at different levels of Cd contamination (0, 5, and 10 mg kg−1 Cd). The results show that the pH of rhizosphere soils was significantly higher under physico-chemical alkaline N fertilizer treatments than under physico-chemical acidic and neutral N fertilizer treatments. The physico-chemical characteristics of N fertilizers affected the rhizosphere soil pH and promoted Cd phytoextraction and accumulation by rape. In the 5 mg kg−1 Cd-contaminated soil, the Cd accumulation and bioconcentration factor value in the shoots and the Cd translocation factor value were highest with the addition of NH 4 Cl, a physico-chemical acidic N fertilizer. Among the physico-chemical alkaline N fertilizers, Ca(NO 3) 2 enabled the highest accumulation of Cd in rape shoots when soil was contaminated with 10 mg kg−1 Cd. Thus, administering physico-chemical acidic N fertilizer to soils with lower Cd concentrations provides better remediation effects by rape, whereas physico-chemical alkaline N fertilizers are more effective in soils with higher Cd concentrations. These results show that physico-chemical N fertilizers can be employed to enhance the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil by rape and simultaneously improve the yield of this crop, with implications for environmental health and sustainable agricultural development. Image 1 • Rape used with different fertilizers remediates varying levels of Cd. • Physico-chemical acidic N fertilizers superior in lower Cd concentration soils. • Physico-chemical alkaline N fertilizers superior in higher Cd concentration soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]