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Abstract Using polystyrene (PS) microspheres as an auxiliary template, a kind of novel gully-like Sr-doped ZrO 2 –TiO 2 composites with the heterogeneous structure were successfully prepared by a simple instant centrifugation with one-step hydrolysis method. The Sr-doped ZrO 2 –TiO 2 composites consisted of the tetragonal phase ZrO 2 , orthogonal phase SrZrO 3 and anatase phase TiO 2 , showing a homogeneous concave and convex shape, similared to the naturally occurring gully terrain in nature, with a double-sized mesoporous structure. The SrZrO 3 was prepared by the synthetic method in this study, which provided a new reference for the subsequent synthesis of SrZrO 3. At the same time, Sr-doped ZrO 2 –TiO 2 composites showed higher photocatalytic activity compared with the monomer and non-strontium-doped TiO 2 -ZrO 2 under multi-mode photocatalytic conditions such as ultraviolet light, visible light, and simulated sunlight. The hydrogen production of Sr-doped ZrO 2 –TiO 2 was 2.9 times and 4.4 times higher than that of TiO 2 –ZrO 2 and TiO 2 , indicating that Sr-doped played a synergistic role in photocatalytic activity experiments. Finally, by the capturing experiment of gully-like Sr-doped ZrO 2 –TiO 2 , it was confirmed that h+,·OH, O 2 •− were active species in the photodegradation of malachite green, and the possible mechanism of the photocatalytic reaction was deduced. Graphical abstract Using polystyrene(PS) microspheres as the template, gully-like Sr-doped ZrO 2 –TiO 2 composite was synthesized by simple instant centrifugation with one-step hydrolysis combined with vacuum and calcination post-processing method, in which gully-like Sr-doped ZrO 2 –TiO 2 exhibited superior photocatalytic degradation efficiency and enhanced activity in splitting water into hydrogen. fx1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarireedia spp. is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes turf dollar spot of bent-grass, leading to widespread lawn death. In this study, we explored the antifungal capability of 6-pentyl-2 H -pyran-2-one (6PP), a natural metabolite volatilized by microorganisms, which plays an important role in the biological control of turfgrass dollar spot. However, the mechanisms by which 6PP inhibits Clarireedia jacksonii remain unknown. In the present study, C. jacksonii mycelial growth was inhibited by the 6PP treatment and the 6PP treatment damaged cell membrane integrity, causing an increase in relative conduc-tivity. Furthermore, physiological and biochemistry assay showed that 6PP treatment can enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) content obviously increased with 6PP exposure, increased alchohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and depleted acetalde-hyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and activated the activities of many antioxidant enzymes in C. jacksonii. Gen Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that some genes in C. jacksonii after 6PP treatment related to integrity of the cell wall and membrane, and oxidative stress were significantly downregulated. It is worth mentioning that the fatty acid degradation pathway is significantly upregulated, with an increase in ATP content and ATP synthase activity, which may promote fungal cell apoptosis. Moreover, we found that the expression of ABC transporters, and glutathione metabolism encoding genes were increased to respond to external stimuli. Taken together, these findings revealed the potential antifungal mechanism of 6PP against Clarireedia spp., which also provides a theoretical basis for the commercial utilization of 6PP as a green pesticide in the future. [Display omitted] • 6PP has inhibitory effect on Clarireedia jacksonii. • 6PP causes morphological changes and oxidative damage to C. jacksonii. • 6PP can disturbs energy metabolism and promotes cell apoptosis of C. jacksonii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]