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Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with common exposure sources, leading to their widespread presence in human body. However, evidence on co-exposure to OPEs and PFAS and its impact on cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic biomarkers remains limited. In this cross-sectional study, 467 adults were enrolled from January to May 2022 during physical visits in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province. Eleven types of OPEs and twelves types of PFAS were detected, among which eight OPEs and six PFAS contaminants were detected in more than 60% of plasma samples. Seventeen biomarkers were assessed to comprehensively evaluate the cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic function. Multiple linear regression, multipollutant models with sparse partial least squares, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied to examine the associations of individual OPEs and PFAS and their mixtures with organ function and metabolism, respectively. Of the over 400 exposure–outcome associations tested when modelling, we observed robust results across three models that perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxS) was significantly positively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL). Perfluorononanoic acid was significantly associated with decreased AST/ALT and increased very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Besides, perfluorodecanoic acid was correlated with increased high lipoprotein cholesterol and perfluoroundecanoic acid was consistently associated with lower glucose level. BKMR analysis showed that OPEs and PFAS mixtures were positively associated with IBIL and TBIL, among which PFHxS was the main toxic chemicals. Our findings suggest that exposure to OPEs and PFAS, especially PFHxS and PFNA, may disrupt organ function and metabolism in the general population, providing insight into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of OPEs and PFAS co-exposure and chronic diseases. [Display omitted] • Plasma concentrations of 12 PFAS and 11 OPEs were detected in Chinese adults. • OPEs and PFAS mixture was positively associated with IBIL and TBIL in BKMR. • PFHxS and PFNA were crucial for liver, renal function, and lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) emerges as a viable oxidant for fuel cells, necessitating the development of an efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for the hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction (HPRR). In this study, we synthesized a self-supporting, highly active HPRR electrocatalyst comprising two morphologically distinct components: CeO 2 -NiCo 2 O 4 nanowires and CeO 2 -NiCo 2 O 4 metal organic framework derivatives, via a two-step hydrothermal process followed by air calcination. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of CeO 2 and NiCo 2 O 4 , revealing the amalgamated interface between them. CeO 2 exhibits multifunctionality in regulating the surface electronic configuration of NiCo 2 O 4 , fostering synergistic connections, and introducing oxygen deficiencies to enhance the catalytic efficacy in HPRR. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate a reduction current density of 789.9 mA·cm−2 at −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The assembly of direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DBHPFC) exhibits a peak power density of 45.2 mW·cm−2, demonstrating durable stability over a continuous operation period of 120 h. This investigation providing evidence that the fabrication of heterostructured catalysts based on CeO 2 for HPRR is a viable approach for the development of high-efficiency electrocatalysts in fuel cell technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Thermal resistance network model based on an analytic method is established. • Active optical fiber is discretized into multiple eccentric heat sources. • Analytic values are consistent with the change trend of experimental data. • Fiber placement has a certain effect on the temperature uniformity of fiber lasers. Abstract Long optical fiber is usually coiled on the surface of the substrate. Spreading thermal resistance is an important factor affecting thermal properties of optical fiber in this encapsulation way. This paper adopts a concise general analytic method to calculate spreading thermal resistance of the eccentric heat source formed in the rectangular channel. The on-site testing of active doped double clad fiber(DDCF)laser is also carried out. It is observed that the output light efficiency is high after the fiber loses heat through the plate which conforms to the needs of normal fiber laser light output efficiency of 70%–80%. The analytic value is in line with the changing trend of the experimental value, with the error of the temperature measurement points within ±8.8%. The third segment rules out the influence of the optical fiber coupler location and the temperature of coupling point. When the pump power ranges from 4.4 W to 31.07 W, the error range between the experiment and analytics is within −4.14% to −0.82%. The layout plan of the fiber has a certain effect on the temperature uniformity of the fiber laser. It is demonstrated that the analytic method and mathematical assumption are reliable in the cooling design of the optical fiber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Pre-mRNA splicing is a crucial step for genetic regulation and accounts largely for downstream translational diversity. The current time of biological research is characterized by advances in functional genomics study and the understanding of the pre-mRNA splicing process has thus become a major portal for biologists to gain insights into the complex gene regulatory mechanism. The intranuclear alternative splicing process can form a variety of genomic transcripts that modulate the growth and development of an organism, particularly in the immune and neural systems. Methods: In the current study, we investigated and identified alternative splicing transcripts at different stages of embryonic mouse brain morphogenesis using subtractive cross-screening algorithm. Results: A total of 195 candidate transcripts were found during organogenesis; 1629 identified at fetus stage, 116 in juvenile and 148 transcripts from adulthood. To document our findings, we developed a database named DMBAS, which can be accessed through the link: http://173.234.48.5/DMBAS. We further investigated the alternative splicing products obtained in our experiment and noted the existence of chromosome preference between prenatal and postnatal transcripts. Additionally, the distribution of splicing sites and the splicing types were found to have distinct genomic features at varying stages of brain development. The majority of identified alternative splices (72.3%) at fetus stage were confirmed later using separate RNA-seq data sets. Conclusion: This study is a comprehensive profiling of alternative splicing transcripts of mouse brain morphogenesis using advanced computational algorithm. A series of developmental stage specific transcripts, as well as their splicing sites and chromosome preferences were revealed in the current study. Our findings and the related online database would form a solid foundation for studies of broader biological significance and paved the way for future investigations in relevant human brain diseases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two types of Grammian solutions to the nonisospectral modified Kadomtsev–Peviashvili (mKP) equation are derived with the help of the Pfaffian derivative formulae. Starting from the Grammian solutions obtained, we construct the nonisospectral mKP equation with self-consistent sources by applying the source generalization procedure, whose solutions can be given simultaneously. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• The thermal resistance models of fiber in different double-substrate are established. • The temperature uniformity of double-layer substrate is better than that of single-layer. • The high thermal conductivity of upper substrate is conducive to heat dissipation. • The Iso-Ortho composite system is beneficial to heat dissipation and temperature uniformity. To address the thermal effect of 3000 W Yb-doped double-clad fiber (YDCF), a double-layer substrate is designed to encapsulate a high power fiber laser. A thermal resistance model is proposed where the contact between the layers is ideal, and the thermal conductivity and thickness, as well as the position of the additional layer, are considered. The axial temperature of the fiber is the lowest, and the temperature uniformity the best, in an Hm-Al system. In addition, the thermal resistance model is also established where the contact between the layers is nonideal. The influence of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient and the thickness of the isotropic and orthotropic layers on the temperature distribution of the fiber are considered. The average temperature of the fiber is the lowest, and the temperature uniformity the best, in an Iso-Ortho system. Numerical simulations are used to verify the two thermal resistance models. The results show that the trend of the change in the analytical value is consistent with that of the simulation value. These thermal resistance models are reasonable and accurate and can be used to analyze more complex fiber laser packaging structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphate crystals are valuable materials according to their diverse structures and physical and chemistry properties. A zinc orthophosphate, (NH 4) 3 (H 3 O)Zn 4 (PO 4) 4 , has been obtained via hydrothermal route. It was crystallized in hexagonal space group P 6 3 , featuring a three-dimensional (3D) [Zn(PO 4)]– anion network built by corner-sharing connected ZnO 4 and PO 4 tetrahedra. The NH 4 + and H 3 O+ units are located in the six-member cavities of the framework as the balanced cations. (NH 4) 3 (H 3 O)Zn 4 (PO 4) 4 exhibits a moderate and phase matchable second harmonic generation effect (SHG) about 1.4 times of KH 2 PO 4 (KDP), which is the strongest in zinc orthophosphates. Besides structural features, optical properties measurements and theoretical analyses of (NH 4) 3 (H 3 O)Zn 4 (PO 4) 4 were performed. A zinc phosphate, (NH 4) 3 (H 3 O)Zn 4 (PO 4) 4 , has been successfully achieved in this work. 3D {[ZnPO 4 ]-} ∞ anion framework is built by ZnO 4 and PO 4 units, and NH 4 + and H 3 O+ are as counter cations located in the cavities to consolidate the structure. (NH 4) 3 (H 3 O)Zn 4 (PO 4) 4 exhibits a SHG effects about 1.4 times of KDP. [Display omitted] • The polar phosphate, (NH 4) 3 (H 3 O)Zn 4 (PO 4) 4 , has been obtained. • (NH 4) 3 (H 3 O)Zn 4 (PO 4) 4 shows strong SHG responses and phase-matchable behaviors. • Theoretical calculations on their electronic structure and optical properties are performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying geographical origins of red wines produced in specific regions is of great importance, since the geographical origins of wine influence its quality and price greatly. In this study, the feasibility of UV-Vis spectroscopy was evaluated for the classification of Chinese red wine samples according to their geographical origins, using principal component analysis (PCA) and two machine learning techniques: orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM). The PCA analysis indicated that there are differences in the chemical composition between wine samples from three different origins and inferred the chemical compounds responsible for the discrimination between wine geographical origins. Furthermore, OPLS-DA and SVM models were established to predict the class membership of wine samples from three different origins and results showed that both models can provide correct recognition rates of 100 % for wine samples in training and prediction sets. This study demonstrated that the combination of UV-Vis spectroscopy with machine learning-based modeling has the potential to be a simple, fast and low-cost tool for the routine identification of geographical origins of Chinese red wines. [Display omitted] • UV–Vis spectroscopy was employed for the classification of Chinese red wine. • Two machine learning techniques were used to model the UV–Vis data of red wine. • PCA inferred the chemical compounds responsible for wine origin identification. • OPLS-DA and SVM achieved 100 % accuracy for wine origin identification. • The proposed strategy is simple, fast and low-cost for wine origin identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a variable-coefficient modified Korteweg–de Vries (vc-mKdV) equation is investigated. With the help of symbolic computation, the N-soliton solution is derived through the Hirota method. Then the bilinear Bäcklund transformations and Lax pairs are presented. At last, we show some interactions of solitary waves. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence (EEMF) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was developed for the geographical origin traceability and authenticity detection of Chinese red wines. Parallel factor analysis coupled with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PARAFAC-PLS-DA), N-way partial least squares-discriminant analysis (N-PLS-DA) and unfolded partial least squares-discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA) were used to identify the geographical origins and adulteration of red wines. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and precision were used to evaluate the performances of the discriminant models. The accuracy of PARAFAC-PLS-DA for training samples and prediction samples from different origins was 0.88 and 0.83, respectively. N-PLS-DA and U-PLS-DA, which used full EEMF data as model inputs, had the same excellent performance and both provided an accuracy of 1. With regard to the identification of adulterated samples, the accuracy of PARAFAC-PLS-DA for training samples and prediction samples was 0.71 and 0.83, respectively. By comparison, in both N-PLS-DA and U-PLS-DA models, only one prediction sample with the lowest adulteration level was misclassified. N-way partial least squares regression (N-PLSR) was successfully used to quantify adulteration levels for the first time, with R c 2 > 0.98, both RMSEC and RMSEP < 6%. This study showed that EEMF combined with chemometrics is an effective method for the geographical origin traceability and authenticity detection of Chinese red wines. • EEMF combined with chemometrics was developed for traceability and authentication of red wines. • Authentic red wines from different regions were successfully classified for origin traceability. • Authentic and adulterated Chinese red wines were successfully identified for authenticity detection. • Adulteration levels of adulterated Chinese red wines were successfully quantified by N-PLSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) is a minimally invasive technique widely developed in the last few decades. Although magnetic compression anastomosis (magnamosis) is used during cholangiojejunostomy, its applicability in LPD has not yet been reported. Herein, we evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of magnamosis in LPD. Between January 2018 and December 2019, seven patients who underwent laparoscopic magnetic compression choledochojejunostomy (LMC-CJ) or laparoscopic magnetic compression pancreatojejunostomy (LMC-PJ) in LPD were enrolled. After LPD, a parent magnet with or without a drainage tube was placed in the proximal bile duct and pancreatic duct of each patient. Daughter magnets were introduced to couple with the parent magnets at the desired sites. A close postoperative surveillance of magnet movements was performed. Various relevant data were collected, and all patients were followed up until February 2020. LPD was successfully completed in all seven patients, of which seven underwent LMC-CJ and two received LMC-PJ. The median time needed for completion of LMC-CJ was 11 min (range, 8-16). The cost time for the two cases of LMC-PJ was 12 and 15 min, respectively. After a median time of 50 d (range, 40-170) postoperation, all magnets were expelled. No leakages of LMC-CJ or LMC-PJ were observed after operation. After a median follow-up period of 11 mo (range, 4-18), there was no incidence of anastomotic stricture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the feasibility of laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) cholecystectomy through a 10-mm incision using a miniature magnetically anchored and controlled laparoscopy system and a grasper system. The miniature magnetically anchored and controlled laparoscopy system consisted of a miniature magnetically anchored camera (MMAC), an external magnetic anchoring unit, and a vision output device. The camera weighed 9.8 g and measured Φ10 mm × 50 mm. The magnetically anchored and controlled grasper system consisted of a magnetically anchored grasper (MAG), an external magnetic anchoring unit, and a push–pull device. The MAG had a titanium alloy clip head and a magnetic tail. The laparoscopy system and grasper system were used simultaneously to perform LESS cholecystectomy through a single 10-mm incision in model canines. LESS cholecystectomy through a 10-mm incision using the MMAC and MAG was attempted in six dogs. The mean operative time was 85.75 ± 7.14 min. The operation was completed successfully in four cases, with failure occurring in one case due to gallbladder rupture and in another due to bile duct injury. The MMAC provided clear imaging, and the MAG provided sufficient exposure to perform the cholecystectomy. The use of multiple magnetically anchored and controlled instruments did not result in notable collisions. The designed MMAC and MAG system could be easily maneuvered. LESS cholecystectomy may be feasible through a single 10-mm incision with the simultaneous use of multiple magnetically anchored and controlled instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After magnetic compressive anastomosis, anastomat passage through the narrow channels of the digestive tract is difficult owing to the device's large volume. Such passage can lead to mechanical damage to the digestive tract or anastomat's unstable excretion time. This article presents a new magnetic compressive anastomotic approach. A magnetic elliptical-ring compressive anastomat was designed and evaluated for placement and passage in vitro. Nine young adult dogs underwent laparotomy with intestinal tissue side-to-side anastomosis. Four different groups of magnetic compressive anastomats of two different magnetic force levels (20 N or 30 N) and shapes (round or elliptical) were implanted into each dog simultaneously. Three dogs were euthanized on each of postoperative day 1, day 4, and day 7. Anastomoses were then compared with respect to histology and tensile fracture force. The magnetic elliptical-ring compressive anastomat was functional but produced less obstruction compared to its round counterpart during passage through the esophagus and intestine. Nine dogs underwent successful surgery and harvesting of 30 total anastomoses. Histology of anastomotic tissue showed that, along the newly formed tunnel connecting the two sides of anastomotic tissues, compressed tissues became thinner and fell off, and initial anastomoses formed on the seventh postoperative day. There were large differences in tensile fracture force among the anastomoses formed by magnets with different magnetic forces of the same structure. However, the magnetic compressive anastomat structure did not affect anastomotic repair during magnetic compression anastomosis. The magnetic elliptical-ring compressive anastomat is an efficient anastomotic device that can be used easily and with good passage. The device has good biomechanical properties and can be used with endoscopy to reduce operative time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Magnetic compression anastomosis is a feasible and effective method for bilioenteric anastomosis (BEA) in animal model. The objective of the present study was to report our initial clinical experience in laparoscopically magnetic compression bilioenteric anastomosis (LMC-BEA). Methods Patients with obstructive jaundice who were candidates for LMC-BEA were prospectively enrolled from 2013 to 2015. All the procedures were performed laparoscopically. A mother magnet and drainage tube were placed in the proximal bile duct and tightened by a purse suture after dissection of the common bile duct. The drainage tube was introduced into the jejunal lumen at the anastomotic site and guided a daughter magnet to approximate the mother magnet. The two magnets mated at the anastomotic site. All the patients were routinely followed up for magnets discharge till the end of the study. Results In total, four patients with malignant obstructive jaundice and one patient with benign biliary stricture were included. The median age was 70 y (range, 49-74 y). The median time for LMC-BEA was 12 min (range, 8-15 min). A complete anastomosis was confirmed after a median time of 21 d (range, 5-25 d) postoperatively by cholangiography via drainage tube. The magnets were expulsed around 41 d after surgery (range, 12-47 d) postoperatively. With a median follow-up of 313 d (range, 223-1042 d), no complications associated with magnetic anastomosis was documented, such as bile leakage or anastomotic stricture. Conclusions Magnetic compression is a promising alternate method for laparoscopic BEA. Among the five patients undergoing LMC-BEA, no one developed anastomotic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background There is a strong correlation between liver fibrosis and postoperative morbidity after hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate which noninvasive fibrosis index (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio [GPR], aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4 index, or Forns index) was best able to predict complications in patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC. Materials and methods This retrospective analysis included 275 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC from January 2008 to December 2012. Postoperative mortality was defined as death within 90 d after surgery. Complications were grouped into seven grades on the basis of the modified Clavien classification, and major postoperative complications were defined as grade 3 or above. The influence of noninvasive fibrosis indices on postoperative outcomes was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The primary outcomes were overall complications and major complications, estimated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Patients with HCC undergoing anatomical liver resection in the authors' department were evaluated for this study. Finally, 275 patients who underwent minor liver resection (≤2 liver segments) were included. Of these, 231 (84%) were male. The multivariate analysis indicated that the GPR index was not only independently associated with overall complications (hazard ratio, 2.692; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.626-4.250; P < 0.001) but also independently predictive of major complications (hazard ratio, 1.143; 95% CI, 1.046-1.249; P = 0.03). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting overall complications and major complications for the GPR index were 0.704 (95% CI, 0.643-0.765; P < 0.001) and 0.752 (95% CI, 0.638-0.865; P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions The data suggested that the GPR index could be a promising predictor of overall postoperative complications and major complications after minor hepatectomy for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Magnetic compression technique (MCT) is useful for construction of digestive tract anastomoses in pigs and dogs. This study determined the efficacy of MCT for performing colonic anastomosis in rats. Methods Twenty male Sprague–Dawley rats (230-280 g) were randomly apportioned to a study group that underwent colonic anastomosis with MCT or a control group subjected to hand-sewn colonic anastomosis. The groups were compared for time to construct the anastomosis, survival rate, and postoperative complications. Animals were euthanized at 1 mo postsurgery to study the burst pressure and histology of the anastomoses. Results The study group required significantly less time to construct the anastomosis (6.50 ± 1.58 min) than did the control (15.6 ± 2.22 min). The survival rate of the study group (100%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (60%). In the control group, three rats developed anastomotic leakage and one rat developed anastomotic obstruction. No anastomotic leakage or obstruction was observed in the study group. The burst pressures of the two groups were similar. Histology showed that the study group had better alignment of the tissue layers and less inflammation compared with the control group. Conclusions MCT is a safe and feasible technique for colonic anastomosis in rats, with better postoperative outcomes compared with hand-sewn anastomosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The immune response plays an important role in I/R-induced organ injury. • α-GalCer is a potent natural killer T (NKT) cell stimulator. • α-GalCer significantly reduced gut and lung injury after gut I/R. • α-GalCer markedly stimulated the produce of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in gut I/R mice. • The beneficial effects of α-GalCer in gut I/R were NKT cell dependent and mediated through upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10. Abstract Background & Aims Gut ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a life-threatening condition. The immune response plays an important role in I/R-induced organ injury. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a potent natural killer T (NKT) cell stimulator. Activation of NKT cells by α-GalCer has been shown to reduce I/R-induced injury in the liver and heart. However, whether α-GalCer has any protective effects on gut I/R-induced organ injury remained unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that α-GalCer attenuates gut I/R-induced local and remote organ injury through modulating immune responses. Methods Gut ischemia was induced by placing a microvascular clip across the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min in male adult mice. After removing the clip, α-GalCer (2 µg/mouse) or normal saline containing 0.5% Tween 20 (Vehicle) was administered intraperitoneally. Blood, gut, lung and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) samples were collected 4 h after reperfusion to detect bacterial translocation, tight junction protein, tissue damage, edema, apoptosis, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. Results α-GalCer significantly reduced bacterial translocation to the MLN, restored tight junction protein and attenuated gut and lung injury after gut I/R. α-GalCer markedly stimulated the production of IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, but had no obvious effects on TNF-α production in gut I/R mice. Pretreatment with anti-CD1d, IL-4 or IL-10, but not IFN-γ blocking antibodies abolished the protective effects of α-GalCer in gut I/R. Conclusions α-GalCer treatment improved gut barrier function and attenuated gut and lung injury after gut I/R. The beneficial effects of α-GalCer in gut I/R were NKT cell dependent and mediated through upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10. Thus, activation of NKT cells by α-GalCer may serve as a novel option in the treatment of gut I/R injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Postoperative complications after splenectomy are not rare and can be serious in cirrhotic patients. The purpose of this study was to assess postoperative complications using the comprehensive complication index (CCI) after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients and identify risk factors for those who developed a high postoperative CCI score. Materials and methods This retrospective study included 208 adult patients with viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis, who underwent elective splenectomy at our hospital from January 2002 to June 2012. The primary outcome was the CCI score. A CCI score >30 was considered to be a high CCI score. Results The median CCI score in this cohort was 25.6 (range: 8.7-62.9), and 66 patients (31.7%) had a CCI score >30. Univariable and multivariable analyses showed that the risk factors independently associated with a high CCI score were a history of hypertension and a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥10 prior to splenectomy. Conclusions A high CCI score is common in cirrhotic patients undergoing splenectomy. The CCI is a useful grading system to assess postoperative morbidity in cirrhotic patients undergoing splenectomy. Preoperative blood pressure control is recommended and cirrhotic patients with an elevated MELD score should consider other treatment options for hypersplenism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Laparoscopic cholangiojejunostomy (LCJ) with hand-sewn technique is technically difficult and requires a long time to master. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of LCJ using a novel magnetic compression device (MCD) in dogs. Methods The concept of the purse–string technique of the circular stapler was used to design a novel MCD for LCJ. To test the feasibility of this MCD in a more clinically relevant situation, four dogs were subjected to bile duct ligation. When the diameter of their bile ducts reached 10 mm, LCJ using MCD was performed. The anastomotic time and expelling time of the magnets were assessed. Results In the clinically relevant model of bile duct obstruction in dogs, LCJ created with this MCD yielded patent anastomoses. The LCJ procedure using this novel MCD was simple, and the mean anastomotic time was 12.9 ± 1.73 min. All animals recovered smoothly after the operation without complications. All magnets spontaneously passed through the rectum in 14.5 ± 2.08 d after LCJ. Conclusions LCJ in dogs using this novel MCD is feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The risk of complications and mortality are high after enteroenterostomy in severe peritonitic conditions. Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a sutureless technique of high efficacy and safety. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of MCA for enteroenterostomy with stapled and hand-sewn techniques under peritonitic conditions. Methods The peritonitic conditions were created by puncturing the colon with a circular blade in 27 mongrel dogs. Eight hours later, the peritoneal cavity was washed with warm, sterilized normal saline solution. The animals were then randomly divided into three groups and underwent colonic anastomosis with MCA, stapled, or hand-sewn techniques, respectively. Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, and 4 w after the operation; anastomoses were compared on the basis of gross appearance and histology. Results All magnetic devices formed patent anastomoses without a leak. However, one stapled anastomosis and three hand-sewn anastomoses resulted in leaks. The anastomosis time was significantly less in the MCA group than that of the other two groups ( P < 0.05). All magnetic devices were expelled naturally. The pathologic observation showed that the healing of anastomoses for MCA was smoother than that of the other two groups. Conclusion MCA is a feasible, safe, and effective alternative for enteroenterostomy under peritonitic conditions in the canine model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Poloxamer 407 (P407) is a thermosensitive polymer that can gelatinize at body temperature and dissolve below critical temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate an optimized procedure for hepatectomy, in which the target liver section was stained with methylene blue, and the blood inflow was occluded with P407. Methods Twelve dogs were randomized into two equal groups. The conventional group (CG) underwent unstained liver resection with the hemi-Pringle maneuver for blood control. After angiography, the optimized group (OG) was cannulated to the target lobar hepatic artery via the femoral artery and to the target segmental portal vein via a branch of the splenic vein. The artery was then occluded with P407, whereas the vein was administered methylene blue and P407 sequentially before excision along the stained border. Blood specimens and necropsy were acquired periodically. Results The stained resection margins were clearly visualized and were accompanied by negligible blood loss. The occlusion duration was significantly reduced from 24.5 ± 2.3 min in the conventional group to 18.5 ± 4.9 min in the OG ( P < 0.05). The aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were less elevated in the OG postoperatively. No significant evidence of pathology was detected in either group. Conclusions This optimized procedure represents an easy, time-saving and effective approach for stained anatomic hepatectomy with temporary intravascular blood occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the first posttransplant month, the most frequent complications are due to technical problems related to complex vascular and bile duct reconstructions during the operation. Moreover, despite great improvements in suturing technique and materials, severe organ ischemia-reperfusion caused by time-consuming hand suturing is still an important factor in graft survival. During the operation, severe hypotension, hypoxic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and renal dysfunction may occur during the anhepatic phase due to the prolonged venous clamping time required for hand suturing. Therefore, hand suturing is a handicap in the development of further advancements in liver transplantation. In this study, we aimed to test a new “mechanical installation method” for rapid vascular reconstruction. Methods: The magnetic pinning-ring device was developed consisting of paired magnetic rings coated with titanium oxide and embedded in a polypropylene shell. The rings were equipped with alternately spaced holes and titanium pins. Forty adult mongrel dogs were randomly divided into groups: A (n = 16), all vascular and bile duct reconstruction by magnetic ring without venous bypass; B (n = 16), all vascular and bile duct reconstruction by hand suturing with venous bypass; C (n = 8), sham transplantation group, transection of all vessels and common bile duct followed by anastomosis with the magnetic rings without liver transplantation. From groups A and B, dogs were randomly selected as donors (n = 8) or recipients (n = 8) of liver transplantations. We recorded operation time, vascular and bile duct anastomosis time, anhepatic time, administration of supplemental fluids during operation, and survival; blood samples were collected for the detection of liver damage (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) and tumor necrosis factor α level. Patency was confirmed using ultrasound scans at various time points as late as 24 wk after surgery. Angiography was used to evaluate the anastomoses formed with magnetic rings. In group C, gross observation, histologic staining, and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the vessels and bile ducts 12 wk postoperatively. Results: In group A, the total operation time, inferior vena cava, and portal vein anastomosis times were significantly shortened, and the anhepatic phase was reduced to about one-fifth that of group B, which was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). The mean total operative time was 2.54 ± 0.45 h. In order to maintain adequate blood pressure, the mean fluid volume infused was 800.56 ± 60.56 mL in the recipients of group A, which was lower than that in group B (2241.67 ± 390.78 mL, P < 0.01). Use of a pressor agent in group A was unnecessary. After operation, five of eight animals in group A survived more than 7 d after operation. The main cause of death was acute rejection. Only three of eight animals in group B survived more than 1 wk after operation due to chronic anastomotic bleeding, kidney failure, heart failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) between the short-term survival rate in the two groups (75.0% versus 37.5%). The ALT (1544.46 ± 286.27) U/L and AST (1710.74 ± 252.27) U/L levels after operation in the animals with hand suturing were significantly higher than those in the sutureless group (ALT = 1116.41 ± 210.55 U/L; AST = 1176.95 ± 248.25) U/L after reperfusion (P < 0.01). The serum tumor necrosis factor α levels (45.56 ± 10.78) ng/L in group B were significantly higher than those of group A (26.64 ± 10.84) ng/L after reperfusion (P < 0.01). Re-endothelialization was confirmed in all vessels in group C, with neither formation of aneurysms nor thickening of the vascular wall noted after 12 wk. The bile duct anastomoses also healed well. Conclusions: The magnetic pinning-ring device offers a simple, fast, reliable, and efficacious technique for nonsuturing vascular and bile duct anastomoses. Use of this device shortens operation time, maintains a high patency rate, and improves the healing of tissue. Application of the magnetic ring anastomosis technique can effectively reduce the complications caused by hand suturing, and can reduce the extent of ischemia-reperfusion injury, leading to smoother operations and improved prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: It was previously reported that propofol, an intravenously administered hypnotic and anesthetic agent, protects organs from ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is known to play an important role in the oxidative stress–induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the role of GSK-3β and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the protective effects of propofol against hepatic I/R injury. Materials and methods: The left and median hepatic artery and the portal vein branches were blocked by no-damage artery clips to create the model of partial ischemia (70%), and liver lobes were subjected to warm ischemia for 30, 60, 90 min, respectively. Reperfusion of 120 min was then initiated by the removal of clamp. The MPTP opening was assessed by measuring mitochondrial large amplitude swelling and mitochondrial membrane potential. Results: Pretreatment with propofol in conditions of hepatic I/R inhibits the apoptosis of hepatocytes as evidenced by decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling–positive cells. Importantly, propofol suppressed the mitochondrial GSK-3β by promoting or preserving its phosphorylation at Ser9, thus restraining the opening of MPTP and preventing the mitochondrial swell and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. Conclusions: Propofol protects liver from I/R injury by sustaining the mitochondrial function, which is possibly involved with the modulation of MPTP and GSK-3β. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Remifentanil protects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced organ injury, although its underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study was designed to examine the protective effect of remifentanil preconditioning, if any, against hepatic I/R injury in rats and the underlying mechanism involved. Materials and methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation (S group), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R group), and remifentanil preconditioning (R group) groups. Rats in the I/R group were subjected to a partial (70%) hepatic ischemia for 45 min, followed by 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h of reperfusion. Rats in the R group received venous injection of remifentanil (2 μg/kg/min) from 30 min prior to hepatic ischemia to the end of ischemia. Hepatic morphology and apoptosis were examined. Markers of liver damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation were evaluated. Mitochondrial function was assessed using mitochondrial membrane potential and appearance of mitochondrial swelling. Results: Compared with the S group, rats in the I/R group displayed a massive degenerative death in liver tissues and significantly enhanced cell apoptosis. Remifentanil preconditioning significantly reduced I/R-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. In addition, remifentanil protected against I/R-induced mitochondrial swelling and loss of membrane potential. Remifentanil preconditioning inhibited I/R-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor α, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and nuclear factor κB p65 levels in liver tissues. Remifentanil preconditioning also inhibited the loss in superoxide dismutase and rise in malondialdehyde levels in liver tissues going through I/R injury. Conclusions: Our data revealed that remifentanil preconditioning may turn on multiple cellular pathways in hepatocytes to protect the liver from I/R injury by alleviating hepatic apoptosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: SiO2/graphene composite was prepared through a simple two-step reaction, including the preparation of SiO2/graphene oxide and the reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The composite was characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and what is more, the adsorption behavior of as-synthesized SiO2/graphene composite was investigated. It was interestingly found that the composite shows high efficiency and high selectivity toward Pb(II) ion. The maximum adsorption capacity of SiO2/graphene composite for Pb(II) ion was found to be 113.6mgg−1, which was much higher than that of bare SiO2 nanoparticles. The results indicated that SiO2/graphene composite with high adsorption efficiency and fast adsorption equilibrium can be used as a practical adsorbent for Pb(II) ion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Whether the mesenteric lymphatic system could serve as a route of transport by which gut-derived inflammatory mediators contribute to the induction of remote organ injuries is uncertain. We therefore made a gut-induced lung injury canine model by portal vein occlusion and reperfusion (PV O/R) and studied the role of mesenteric lymphatic ducts ligation (ML) to gut-induced lung injury with this model. Material and methods: Eighteen mongrel dogs were divided into control, PV O/R, and PV O/R + ML groups. Cytokines and endotoxin levels in the portal vein and lymph from thoracic duct in different groups were tested. The permeability, myeloperoxidase activity, and histopathological investigation of intestine and lung were evaluated. Results: Cytokines and endotoxin levels in the portal vein were significantly increased in experimental groups compared with control group (P < 0.05), and that in the lymph from thoracic duct were significantly increased in PV O/R group compared with control and PV O/R + ML group (P < 0.05). Lung permeability and MPO activity in PV O/R group were significantly higher than those in control and PV O/R + ML group (P < 0.05); intestinal permeability in experimental groups were significantly higher with respect to control group. The lung injury score in PV O/R group was significantly higher than those in control and PV O/R + ML group (P < 0.05) and the intestinal injury scores in experimental groups were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The gut-induced lung injury canine model made by PV O/R is successful, and mesenteric lymphatic ducts ligation decreases the degree of gut-induced lung injury in this model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The present study aimed to review the current status and development of international standards in the domain of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis. Moreover, the roles and relevant work of different organizations in developing such standards were explored, and the difficulties and challenges encountered were analyzed. The study further elaborated on the approaches to establish a complete set of international standards on TCM diagnosis. It also provided a promising solution for the development of international standards on TCM diagnosis. This paper reviews the current situation of international standards of TCM diagnostics, and puts forward reasonable suggestions for the system construction and future application of such standards. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aim: To study the effect of resveratrol (RES) on the apoptosis of lymphocytes in allograft in a rat liver transplantation model. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were selected as donors and male Wistar rats as recipients for a rejection model. The recipients were divided into four groups after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). In the RES A, B, and C groups, RES was given intraperitoneally once a day (25, 50, and 100mgkg−1, respectively) after OLTx, whereas in the control group vehicle buffer was given intraperitoneally once a day. The survival period, lymphocytes apoptosis, expressions of Bcl-2/Bax proteins in lymphocytes, and histopathological findings were then compared among these groups. Results: The mean survival period after OLTx in RES C group was significantly longer than that in control group (P <0.05). On the seventh post-transplant day, the apoptosis index (AI) of lymphocytes in portal area and the positive rate of Bax protein in lymphocytes in RES C group were significantly increased in comparison with those in control group (both P <0.05), whereas there is no obvious difference in the expression of Bcl-2 protein in lymphocytes between the control group and various drug groups (all P <0.05), and a histological examination revealed apparent difference in the severity of rejection between the RES C group and control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: RES has an immunosuppressive effect on lymphocytes under allograft rejection in rat. Inducing apoptosis of lymphocytes and upregulating the ratio of Bax/bcl-2 proteins in lymphocytes in allograft liver may be part of the mechanisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

With the global epidemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), China has made progress in the prevention and control of the epidemic, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a key role in dealing with the disease's effects on the respiratory system. This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the clinical efficacy and prognosis of Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills and Lianhua Qingwen granules in patients with COVID-19. A total of 283 patients participated in this clinical trial, and participants were randomly assigned to receive either 1) Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills and Lianhua Qingwen granules or 2) Linahua granules, both combined with western medicine, or 3) western medicine alone for 14 days. At the end of the trial, the improvement and resolution rates of clinical symptoms and the rate of patients who progressed to severe disease status were evaluated. After 14 days of treatment, there was no significant difference in the improvement rate of clinical symptoms among the three groups (P > 0.05). Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills combined with Lianhua Qingwen granules has advantages in the treatment of nausea, vomiting and limb soreness. During treatment, all participants were treated with western medicine, and there was a significant difference in the use of macrolides among the three groups (P < 0.05). Specifically, the utilization rate of antibiotics in the western medicine group was significantly greater than that of the other two groups. Among the 182 diagnosed patients who completed this clinical trial, 13 patients progressed to severe disease, including one case in the Huoxiang + Lianhua group (1.6 %), five cases in the Lianhua group (8.6 %), and seven cases in the western medicine group (11.1 %). There was no statistical differences in this rate among the three groups (P > 0.05). However, the proportion of patients who progressed to severe disease in the Huoxiang + Lianhua group was the lowest, suggesting that the combination of TCM with western medicine has a potential advantage in improving the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. The use of Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills and Lianhua Qingwen granules combined with western medicine may have clinical advantages for COVID-19 patients in improving clinical symptoms, reducing utilization rate of anti-infective drugs, and improving patient prognosis, which could pave the way for the use of complementary medicine in treating this infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]