Search

The neuroprotective effects of hydrogen have been demonstrated, but the mechanism is still poorly understood. In a clinical trial of inhaled hydrogen in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), we found that hydrogen reduced the accumulation of lactic acid in the nervous system. There are no studies demonstrating the regulatory effect of hydrogen on lactate and in this study we hope to further clarify the mechanism by which hydrogen regulates lactate metabolism. In cell experiments, PCR and Western Blot showed that HIF-1α was the target related to lactic acid metabolism that changed the most before and after hydrogen intervention. HIF-1α levels were suppressed by hydrogen intervention treatment. Activation of HIF-1α inhibited the lactic acid-lowering effect of hydrogen. We have also demonstrated the lactic acid-lowering effect of hydrogen in animal studies. Our work clarifies that hydrogen can regulate lactate metabolism via the HIF-1αpathway, providing new insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms of hydrogen. • In clinical trials, hydrogen therapy reduced cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. • HIF-1α is the target associated with the greatest change in lactate metabolism before and after hydrogen intervention. • Hydrogen regulates lactate metabolism after SAH via the HIF-1α pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CYP2A6*4 allele, characterized as the whole deletion of this gene, is closely associated with nicotine dependence, cancer susceptibility, and drug responsiveness. The frequency of this molecular variant differs across populations. Although genetic polymorphisms of CYP2A6*4 and its functional results have been reported in Chinese Han population, the allele frequency of CYP2A6*4 was largely unknown in other Chinese ethnic population. In this study, we investigated the allele frequency of CYP2A6*4 in four main ethnic groups of China based on our newly developed quantitative real-time PCR assay. The frequencies of the CYP2A6*4 allele were 7.9%, 15%, 0% and 2% in Han (N = 120), Uighur (N = 100), Bouyei (N = 100) and Tibetan (N = 100) ( P < 0.0001), respectively. This work greatly expanded our understanding of the distribution of CYP2A6*4 in Chinese population and provided more information of different ethnic population's smoking behavior and also in disease susceptibility and drug response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CYP2A6*4 allele, characterized as the whole deletion of this gene, is closely associated with nicotine dependence, cancer susceptibility, and drug responsiveness. It has long been a significant challenge for pharmacogenetics scientists to develop a reliable method to detect this molecular variant due to its high homology with its homologous genes CYP2A6 and CYP2A3 in the clinical setting. Here, we introduce a quantitative real-time PCR assay that specifically amplifies CYP2A6 by designing a specific set of primers and the probe, which effectively prevent the amplification of the CYP2A7 and CYP2A13 alleles. CYP2A6 gene copy numbers were normalized to albumin ( ALB ) which was co-amplified simultaneously in a single-tube duplex reaction and at a setting as the internal reference gene. The established assay was validated with a selection of previously genotyped DNA samples, which harbored none, one or two CYP2A6 gene copies. The results were in complete concordance with previously published data and no overlap between the three groups was observed. Further analysis of a cohort of 120 samples revealed high specificity and sensitivity of this assay as demonstrated by the agreement of determined gene copy numbers in all of the cases. In conclusion, this novel assay allows reliable and sensitive detection of the CYP2A6 gene deletion, which will be useful for pharmacogenetics studies and routine clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) 1 is a critical mediator for neuronal cell death in cerebral ischemia, but its role in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is incompletely understood. Here, we found that endothelial-specific deletion of Dapk1 using Tie2 Cre protected the brain of Dapk1 fl/fl mice against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), characterized by mitigated Evans blue dye (EBD) extravasation, reduced infarct size and improved behavior. In vitro experiments also indicated that DAPK1 deletion inhibited oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced tight junction alteration between cerebral endothelial cells (CECs). Mechanistically, we revealed that DAPK1-DAPK3 interaction activated cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2) in OGD-stimulated CECs. Our results thus suggest that inhibition of endothelial DAPK1 specifically prevents BBB damage after stroke. • Endothelial DAPK1 deletion protected blood-brain barrier against tMCAO. • Endothelial DAPK1 deletion protected tight junction after OGD. • Endothelial DAPK1-DAPK3 interaction activated cPLA 2 after OGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: The development of pharmacogenomics has created an urgent need for robust molecular characterization. And it has become a challenge to develop suitable detecting methods for routine clinical use. Aim: The aim of the current study is to develop a simple and reliable TYMS 1494del6 polymorphism genotyping assay by duplex scorpion primers in the Chinese Han population. Method: We evaluated the performance of the duplex scorpion primer assay in the genotyping of TYMS 1494del6 polymorphism and screened 54 DNA samples of the Chinese Han population. The results were further validated by pyrosequencing. Results: The duplex scorpion primer assay showed high specificity and accuracy for genotyping TYMS 1494del6 polymorphism. Complete concordance was observed between the duplex scorpion primer assay and pyrosequencing. The frequency of the TYMS +6bp allele was 34% and the −6bp allele was 66% in 54 Chinese Han population DNA samples. Conclusion: The duplex scorpion primer assay provides a rapid, reliable and high-throughput method to genotype TYMS 1494del6 polymorphism in the Chinese Han population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]