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Artemisia vulgaris (A. vulgaris) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely distributed in China and contains many bioactive compounds with pharmacological effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on enteritis in fish are still unclear. In this study, in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on zebrafish enteritis, zebrafish were used for establishing animal models to observe the histopathological changes of intestines, determine the activities of immune-related enzymes and oxidative stress indicators, and the mRNA expression of genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-KB signaling pathways. The results showed that different doses of A. vulgaris essential oil could effectively alleviate zebrafish enteritis in a dose- and time-dependent manner by improving the intestinal histopathological damage, decreasing the intestinal oxidative stress, repairing the intestinal immune ability, changing the expression levels of IL-1β , IL-10 and genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. In addition, co-treatment with oxazolone and MyD88 inhibitor could alleviate the morphological damage, the induction of oxidative stress, and the levels of immune-related enzymes and the mRNA expression of genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, essential oil from A. vulgaris had more significantly therapeutic effects on enteritis of male zebrafish than that of female zebrafish. This result will clarify the therapeutic effect and anti-inflammatory mechanism of essential oil from A. vulgaris on zebrafish enteritis, and provide a theoretical basis for further research on the rationality of A. vulgaris to replace feed antibiotics. [Display omitted] • A. vulgaris essential oil could improve the intestinal histopathological damage. • A. vulgaris essential oil could decrease oxidative stress and repair immune capacity of gut. • It could change the expression levels of genes in MyD88/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. • It had better therapeutic effects on enteritis of males than that of females. • It could effectively alleviate zebrafish enteritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, researchers have mainly focused on the role of the tissues of the posterior segment of the eyes in the development of myopia. However, the ciliary body, an anterior ocular tissue that contracts to initiate the process of accommodation, may also play an important role in the progression of myopia due to the increased demand for near work. In the present study, we established a lens-induced myopia (LIM) animal model in guinea pigs and investigated the molecular changes in the ciliary body associated with the development of myopia based on RNA sequencing. As a result, 871 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 19 DE lncRNAs were identified in the ciliary body between the LIM group and the normal control group. In addition, the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression analysis was performed to explore the target genes of lncRNAs, which were mainly enriched in the Rap1 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and complement and coagulation cascades pathways based on the functional enrichment analysis. Among the target genes of lncRNAs, three hub genes, including Ctnnb1 , Pik3r1, and Itgb1 , were found to be involved in the Rap1 signaling pathway. Interestingly, two crucial genes, Grk1 and Pde6a , which are mainly expressed in retinal photoreceptors, were enriched in visual perception in the ciliary body in functional analysis and were verified to be expressed in the ciliary body. These findings indicate the molecular pathogenetic role of the ciliary body in myopia and provide new insights into the underlying mechanism of myopia development. Further studies are needed to explore the specific contributions of these identified lncRNAs and mRNAs to the development of myopia. • RNA-seq revealed molecular pathogenetic role of the ciliary body in myopia. • Ctnnb1, Pik3r1, and Itgb1 were confirmed hub genes in the development of myopia. • Ctnnb1, Pik3r1, and Itgb1 were involved in the Rap1 signaling pathway in myopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An adaptive parametric Doppler correction scheme is mechanistically built for wayside acoustic correction. • The principle of the proposed method aims to mathematically build wayside array acoustic physical model with multiple perception operators. • Short-time reconstruction with formulaic compensation mathematically recover the real-time signal. • STR-based PDC simultaneously recover amplitude, frequency distribution and phase in high fidelity. • Results show validity and potential in propagation and distortion correction for the real-time diagnosis of TADS. The trackside acoustic detection system (TADS) plays a vital role in vehicle bearings condition monitoring. However, the inevitable Doppler distortion embedded in collected data will bring considerable difficulties to defect inspection and diagnosis in the system. The distortion elimination approaches mainly achieve spectrum recovery based on time-domain interpolation resampling (TIR) in a data-driven way. These will be further limited by the requirement to signal to noise ratio (SNR) or calculation speed. Considering the principle of wayside acoustic physical model and the benefits of array acoustic in practice, this study proposes an adaptive parametric Doppler correction (PDC) scheme based on short-time reconstruction (STR), including perception modeling, inverse perception optimization and Doppler correction. Firstly, mathematical modeling with multiple perception operators, including acoustic amplitude modulation operator, frequency modulation operator and array time delay operator, a wayside acoustic physical model based on array sensing is established. Secondly, through the corresponding inverse multiple perception operators, a transition signal with frequency-domain energy concentrated is obtained for the optimal moving parameters searching. Thirdly, within short-time sequence segments of the sound source, the real-time position recovery is realized via the proposed STR with formulaic propagation delay compensation. Theoretically, it can be seen that the proposed PDC scheme can simultaneously recover the amplitude, frequency distribution and phase of the Doppler signal, which can be applicable to all wayside acoustic diagnosis scenarios. With the correction analysis of simulation and experimental array defect signals, it can be confirmed that the proposed STR-based PDC scheme is effective for Doppler signal recovery in high fidelity, and has great potential to the real-time diagnosis of TADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popularity of intensive fish farming has led to the emergence of fish diseases characterized by hepatobiliary syndrome. Artemisia argyi (A. argyi) essential oils have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. However, their alleviating effects and mechanism on liver disease in fish are still unclear. Thus, adult zebrafish were used to construct an animal model to observe histopathological damages, determine biochemical parameters and expression of inflammatory cytokines and mRNAs in the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway, and conduct 16 S sequencing of intestinal microbiota. The results found that after treatment with A. argyi essential oil, the histopathological damage caused by ethanol was relieved; the CAT, SOD, and GSH levels were remarkably elevated, while the MDA level was obviously lowered (P < 0.05); the expression levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNAs were enhanced, but the levels of IL-1β , IL-6 , PPAR-γ , NF-κB , and TNF-α mRNAs were reduced (P < 0.05) relative to the EtOH group. A. argyi essential oil remarkably attenuated the damage to intestinal tissue structure, and elevated the levels of Muc2 , ZO-1 , Claudin-1 , and Occludin mRNA (P < 0.05). Sequencing of the gut flora showed that A. argyi essential oil significantly altered the composition of gut microbes compared with the EtOH group. In addition, KEGG and COG analyses also showed significant (P < 0.05) changes in acetate cycling metabolism in the EtOH group, catechol 2, 3-dioxygenase and nitroreductase were significantly increased (P < 0.001), and lipid metabolism and terpenoid synthesis were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in A. argyi essential oil group. The results indicate that A. argyi essential oil could effectively relieve ethanol-caused histopathological damage of livers by modulating the composition of gut microbiota, thus inhibiting the level of IL-1β and mRNAs in the PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway, increasing the IL-10 level, reducing the oxidative stress. This may offer a rationale for further research on the rationality of A. argyi as a substitute for feed antibiotics in aquaculture. • A. argyi essential oil relieved histopathological damage of liver caused by ethanol. • A. argyi essential oil attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation in liver. • A. argyi essential oil alleviated intestinal barrier of zebraifsh with liver damage. • A. argyi essential oil altered abundance and composition of gut microbes. • A. argyi essential oil raised acetate cycling and lipid metabolism, terpenoid synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies revealed associations between air-pollutant exposure and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. However, modification effects of air pollution on IVF outcomes by meteorological conditions remain elusive. This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 15,217 women from five northern Chinese cities during 2015–2020. Daily average concentrations of air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , O 3 , NO 2 , SO 2 , and CO) and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunshine duration) during different exposure windows were calculated as individual approximate exposure. Generalized estimating equations models and stratified analyses were conducted to assess the associations of air pollution and meteorological conditions with IVF outcomes and estimate potential interactions. Positive associations of wind speed and sunshine duration with pregnancy outcomes were detected. In addition, we observed that embryo transfer in spring and summer had a higher likelihood to achieve a live birth compared with winter. Exposure to PM 2.5 , SO 2 , and O 3 was adversely correlated with pregnancy outcomes in fresh IVF cycles, and the associations were modified by air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The inverse associations of PM 2.5 and SO 2 exposure with biochemical pregnancy were stronger at lower temperatures and humidity. Negative associations of PM 2.5 with clinical pregnancy were only significant at lower temperatures and wind speeds. Moreover, the effects of O 3 on live birth were enhanced by higher wind speed. Our results suggested that the associations between air-pollutant exposure and IVF outcomes were modified by meteorological conditions, especially temperature and wind speed. Women undergoing IVF treatment should be advised to reduce outdoor time when the air quality was poor, particularly at lower temperatures. [Display omitted] • A large-scale multicenter retrospective study conducted in Northern China. • PM 2.5 , SO 2 , and O 3 were adversely associated with fresh IVF cycle outcomes. • Embryo transfer in spring and summer were more likely to achieve a live birth. • Interaction of meteorological factors and air pollution on IVF outcomes. • Effects of O 3 on live birth were enhanced by higher quartiles of wind speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High demand for inhibitors regulating the activity of protein kinases has stimulated the quest for high throughput and reliable compound screening assays. Here we introduce a method applying a non-metal photoluminescent probe ARC-Lum(Fluo) for determination of dissociation constants of competitive inhibitors of protein kinases. Employing a single probe instead of a combination of antibody and fluorescent tracer makes the assay simpler, cheaper, and more accurate than several other inhibitor-screening technologies. High affinity (20 pM) and low background signal of the free probe supports the determination of dissociation constants of tight-binding as well as low affinity inhibitors. The calculated lowest K d value that can be accurately determined with the method is 60 fM. We also introduce graphical presentation of the linearized Cheng-Prusoff equation and demonstrate multiple possibilities for its application (deciding upon the assay formats, calculation of the limits of K d determination, etc. ). The open toolbox ( http://www.ut.ee/medchem/toolbox-fluorescence-probes ) is available for creating the map of resolvable affinities if applying the competitive probes at defined assay conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO) nanocrystals were prepared with a sol–gel process followed by a hydrothermal treatment using SnCl4 and NH4F as SnO2 and fluorine dopant, respectively. The nanostructure and composition were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), zeta potential analysis, electrochemical measurement technology and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The diameter of the fluorine doped SnO2 nanocrystal in rutile-type structure is about 10nm. Compared to the pure SnO2 nanocrystals, the fluorine doped SnO2 nanocrystals can be dispersed homogeneously in H2O, forming transparent sol with high stability. The powder of fluorine doped SnO2 nanocrystals could be obtained by removing the solvent, and the electrical resistivity properties were measured by a four-point probe measurement. The results show that sheet resistances (Rs) of fluorine doped SnO2 decrease with the increasing NH4F/Sn molar ratio in the range from 0 to 2. However, further increase of NH4F/Sn molar ratio from 2 to 5 leads to higher sheet resistance. The F/Sn molar ratio of fluorine doped SnO2 measured by XPS is about 0.18 when NH4F/Sn molar ratio is equal to 2, and the sheet resistance of fluorine doped SnO2 powder is 110Ω/□. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Toxic and essential trace elements are associated with human fertility. However, limited studies have been conducted on the relationship between trace elements and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in the Chinese population. In this exploratory study, 103 couples who underwent IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment in our reproductive center were recruited. Serum and follicular fluid (FF) samples and seminal plasma samples were collected from the female and male partners, respectively, on the day of oocyte retrieval. Concentrations of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in the specimens were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the associations of toxic and essential trace element levels with the intermediate parameters and outcomes of IVF at both the sex-specific and couple levels. The Cr level in the serum of the female partners was inversely associated with the count of mature oocytes retrieved (p for trend = 0.033). In terms of embryo development, As concentrations in female serum and FF were inversely associated with the probabilities to obtain good-quality cleavage embryos (p for trend < 0.01). There were significant correlations between follicular Se concentrations and seminal As concentrations and higher quality cleavage embryos (p for trend < 0.01). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the female serum Se concentrations and blastocyst formation (p for trend = 0.031). In contrast, a higher follicular Se level was negatively correlated with embryo development at the blastocyst stage (p for trend < 0.01). Regarding the clinical outcomes, a positive association of Se levels in seminal plasma and a negative association of follicular Cd levels was observed with the probabilities of pregnancy (p for trend = 0.006 and 0.035, respectively) and live birth (p for trend = 0.014 and 0.027, respectively). The results indicate that exposure to toxic elements (Cr, As and Cd) is associated with intermediate parameters and outcomes of IVF. Furthermore, male Se exposure may be related to better pregnancy outcomes. • Associations of toxic and essential trace elements with IVF outcomes were explored. • This is first study to integrate male and female exposures to multiple trace elements. • Seminal Se levels were positively associated with pregnancy and live birth. • Follicular Cd levels were negatively associated with pregnancy and live birth. • Female serum Se levels were positively associated with blastocyst development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myopia is a main cause of preventable or treatable visual impairment, it has become a major public health issue due to its increasingly high prevalence worldwide. Currently, it is confirmed that the development of myopia is associated with the disorders of accommodation. As a dominant factor for accommodation, ciliary muscle contraction/relaxation can regulate the physiological state of the lens and play a crucial role in the development of myopia. To investigate the relationship between myopia and ciliary muscle, the guinea pigs were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group and a negative lens-induced myopia (LIM) group, and the animals in each group were further randomly assigned into 2-week (n = 18) and 4-week (n = 21) subgroups in accordance with the duration of myopic induction of 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. In the present study, right eyes of the animals in LIM group were covered with −6.0 D lenses to induce myopia. Next, we performed the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to observe the pathological change of ciliary muscle, determined the contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate acid (LA), and measured the Na+/K+-ATPase expression and activity in ciliary muscles in both NC and LIM groups. Moreover, we also analyzed the potassium ion (K+) flux in ciliary muscles from 4-week NC and LIM guinea pigs. As a result, we found that the arrangements of ciliary muscles in LIM guinea pigs were broken, dissolved or disorganized; the content of ATP decreased, whereas the content of LA increased in ciliary muscles from LIM guinea pigs. Monitoring of K+ flux in ciliary muscles from LIM guinea pigs demonstrated myopia-triggered K+ influx. Moreover, we also noted a decreased expression of Na+/K+-ATPase (Atp1a1) at both mRNA and protein levels and reduced activity in ciliary muscles from LIM guinea pigs. Overall, our results will facilitate the understanding of the mechanism associated with inhibitory Na+/K+-ATPase in lens-induced myopia and which consequently lead to the disorder of microenvironment within ciliary muscles from LIM guinea pigs, paving the way for a promising adjuvant approach in treating myopia in clinical practice. Image 1 • Na+/K+-ATPase level and activity decreased in ciliary muscle in LIM guinea pigs. • K+ flux in ciliary muscle in LIM guinea pigs showed myopia-triggered K+ influx. • The content of ATP decreased in ciliary muscle in LIM guinea pigs. • The content of LA increased in ciliary muscle in LIM guinea pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An interpretable FIRNet is proposed for industrial intelligent diagnosis in the architecture of signal filtering processing collaborated with deep learning backbone. • Multiple ex-ante interpretable FIR filtering kernels are designed to targetedly extract the fault-sensitive and condition-sensitive modes for model making-decision. • The visualization of FIRLayer proves that FIR filtering kernels are driven by frequency-domain knowledge for guiding the updating and making-decision of FIRNets. • The mode decision contribution is presented on making-decision mechanism and ex-post interpretability of FIRNets. • Compared with the existing models, FIRNets have higher recognition accuracy and anti-noise ability, which is established with online edge diagnosis accuracy of more than 99%. Due to the neglect of prior characteristics and the lack of explicit constraints on fault knowledge, conventional intelligent diagnosis methods suffer from great hardships in exacting fault-sensitive information and making explainable decisions, resulting in poor interpretability and inferior robustness. Motivated by the excellent multiscale analysis performance of signal processing and the powerful feature mining ability of deep learning, this study proposes an interpretable FIRNet for equipment intelligent diagnosis under strong noise environments. It consists of a well-crafted FIRLayer and a deep learning backbone. Inspired by the modulation principle that fault-sensitive components are normally modulated into multiscale mode characteristics, multiple ex-ante interpretable filters with two learnable parameters, including center frequency and bandwidth, are analytically designed to process the sequence signal sets, represented as signal-processing-based FIRLayer where the extracted multiscale feature maps are taken as an interpretable status information expression. Subsequently, multiscale convolutional kernels are established to extract the high-level feature maps and further make the final diagnostic decisions, represented as the deep learning backbone. The simulated and experimental results show that the proposed FIRNets have higher identification precision compared to the other nine deep learning models. Specially, three aspects, including model interpretability, noise robustness capacity and edge intelligent diagnosis, are further analyzed to illustrate the interpretable advantages of FIRNets. Hereinto, feature visualizations of the FIRLayer and mode decision contributions of the deep learning backbone are in-depth analyzed to verify the interpretable feature representation and decision-making principle of FIRNets. The results indicate that FIRNets have superior ex-post interpretability compared to other methods. Focusing on industrial practices, an efficient edge diagnosis system based on a pruned FIRNet is established, and an online diagnosis accuracy of more than 99% has been achieved. It can be foreseen that the proposed FIRNets show great potential and competitiveness to promote the edge computing application of equipment intelligent diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the data sources and methodology used to estimate Green Net Regional Product (GNRP), a green accounting approach, for the San Luis Basin (SLB). We measured the movement away from sustainability by examining the change in GNRP over time. Any attempt at green accounting requires both economic and natural capital data. However, limited data for the Basin requires a number of simplifying assumptions and requires transforming economic data at the national, state, and county levels to the level of the SLB. Given the contribution of agribusiness to the SLB, we included the depletion of both groundwater and soil as components in the depreciation of natural capital. We also captured the effect of the consumption of energy on climate change for future generations through carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In order to estimate the depreciation of natural capital, the shadow price of water for agriculture, the economic damages from soil erosion due to wind, and the social cost of carbon emissions were obtained from the literature and applied to the SLB using benefit transfer. We used Colorado''s total factor productivity for agriculture to estimate the value of time (i.e., to include the effects of exogenous technological progress). We aggregated the economic data and the depreciation of natural capital for the SLB from 1980 to 2005. The results suggest that GNRP had a slight upward trend through most of this time period, despite temporary negative trends, the longest of which occurred during the period 1985–86 to 1987–88. However, given the upward trend in GNRP and the possibility of business cycles causing the temporary declines, there is no definitive evidence of moving away from sustainability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Glaucoma is a major cause of irreversible blindness in the world and filtering surgery is commonly carried out to control intraocular pressure. Failure of filtering surgery is usually due to postoperative scarring, and fibroblast proliferation, collagen production and subconjunctival fibrosis play a prominent role in obstructing aqueous humor from the anterior chamber to the subconjunctival space. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been widely applied in biomedical fields. However, the influence of ZnO nanoparticles on human tenon fibroblasts (HTFs) is still unclear. In the present study, we first explored the effects of various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles on HTFs proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Further, we determined the changes of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) extra domain A (ED-A), and procollagen I carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP) at mRNA and protein levels, explored the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the collagen lattice contraction in HTFs. The results indicated that ZnO nanoparticles can efficiently inhibit HTFs proliferation, elevate ROS production level, and induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, leading to HTFs apoptosis. ZnO nanoparticles can also decrease the expressions of TGF-β1, ED-A, and PICP at mRNA and protein levels; significantly prevent fibroblast-mediated collagen lattice contraction. Taken together, ZnO nanoparticles can efficiently ameliorate collagen lattice contraction in HTFs, and may be a promising antifibrotic agent in glaucoma filtration surgery. Our findings provide a new insight on anti-scar formation after glaucoma filtration surgery by using ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles could inhibit HTFs migration and proliferation, elevate the levels of LDH, ROS and cytochrome c, and induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Exposure of HTFs to ZnO nanoparticles could also decrease TGF-β1, ED-A, and PICP at mRNA and protein levels, and thus ameliorate collagen lattice contraction, thereby preventing scarring formation after glaucoma filtration surgery. Image 1 • Exposure of HTFs to ZnO nanoparticles can generate excessive ROS. • ZnO nanoparticles can inhibit HTFs proliferation in vitro. • ZnO nanoparticles induce G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HTFs. • ZnO nanoparticles decrease the levels of TGF-β1, ED-A, and PICP expressions. • ZnO nanoparticles ameliorate fibroblast-mediated collagen lattice contraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ten Metabolites (1 – 10) were purified from the mangrove fungus Botryosphaeria ramose. • Seven new molecules include three chromones, an isocoumarin, two δ -lactone and an oxepinone. • Compounds 8 – 10 were fungal products by induction of the component of its host plant. • The test compounds showed potent antifungal effects on at least one plant pathogen. To check whether the endophytic fungus from the host plant could produce novel bioactive metabolites induced by the host-derived chemical components, a strategy called "Induction of Endophyte Metabolism by Adding Host Components" (IEMAHC) was put up and applied. Cultivation of the endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria ramosa L29 derived from Myoporum bontioides after adding (2 R , 3 R)-3, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavanone 3-acetate, a constituent of the same plant, into the culture medium, led to the separation of three new chromones, 5-hydroxy-2, 3-dihydroxymethyl-7-methoxychromone (1), 5-hydroxy-3-acetoxymethyl-2-methyl-7- methoxychromone (2), 5, 7-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-methylchromone (3), one new isocoumarin, 8-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxy-7-methylisocoumarin (4), two new δ -lactones, botryopyrone (8) and (5 S , 8 R)-simplicilopyrone (9), one new naturally rare 2 (7 H)-oxepinone, botroxepinone (10) , and three known compounds (5 – 7). They were identified through comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data. HPLC comparative analysis indicated that compounds 8 – 10 were induced products after adding (2 R , 3 R)-3, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavanone 3-acetate as an inducer. Compound 3 exhibited more potent inhibitory activities on Fusarium oxysporum , Fusarium graminearum , Penicillium italicum , and Colletotrichum musae than triadimefon. Compounds 1 , 2 , 4 – 7 and 9 displayed potent antifungal activities towards two or three tested fungi with MIC values equal or superior to triadimefon. The induced products 9 and 10 both showing strong inhibitory activity against C. musae , might play a role in strengthening the host defense against the common mangrove invasive pathogenic fungal genera Colletotrichum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]