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In the paper, we give an affirmative answer to the conjecture in [1]. We prove that a Shamsuddin derivation D is simple if and only if Aut (K [ x , y 1 , ... , y n ]) D = { i d }. In addition, we calculate the isotropy groups of the Shamsuddin derivations D = ∂ x + ∑ j = 1 r (a (x) y j + b j (x)) ∂ j of K [ x , y 1 , ... , y r ]. We also prove that Im D is a Mathieu-Zhao subspace if and only if a (x) ∈ K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent activation of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway has been frequently detected in human cancer including breast cancer, colon cancer and multiple myeloma. IL-6/STAT3 can be a promising target for cancer prevent and treatment. However, few STAT3 inhibitors with high efficiency, specificity and safety is available for present clinical cancer therapy. Evista (Raloxifene·HCl) is known as selective estrogen receptor modulator which has been used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and was approved for reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer. Our previous study found that Raloxifene inhibited IL-6/GP130 interaction, resulting in blockade of STAT3 phosphorylation. In our present study, we examined the effect on IL-6/GP130/STAT3 signaling pathway and cancer cell viability with Evista. We first demonstrated Evista inhibited constitutive activation of STAT3 in breast cancer cell line MDB-MB-231, colon cancer cell line HCT116 and multiple myeloma cancer cell line U266. Evista also inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by IL-6 in MCF-7, HT29 and MM.1S cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis was exerted in MDA-MB-231, HCT116 and U266 as evidenced by increased caspase-3 cleavage. However, Evista did not inhibit STAT1, STAT2, STAT4 or STAT6 phosphorylation elicited by IFN-α, IFN-γ and IL-4, nor phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by LIF in MCF-7 cell lines. Evista attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation, decreased STAT3 transcriptional activity but much less in pGL3 and AP1 transcriptional luciferase activity, and decreased cell viability in vitro . These results suggest that it may be possible for Evista to emerge as a chemoprevention agent for breast cancer and other cancers such as colon cancer or multiple myeoloma by targeting IL-6/STAT3 signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of precision medicine, visual and traceable treatments are highly desirable for cancer therapy. However, researchers and clinicians remain confused regarding where the drug distributes and location of the tumor, when the drug is released and when to irradiate the tumor, and how the drug presents antitumor activity, all of which hinders assessment of the cancer patient's condition and formulation of a follow-up treatment scheme for clinicians. Here, a supramolecular self-assembly theranostic nanosystem (MWNs) was designed for enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell apoptosis guided by dual-modality tumor imaging. Specifically, merocyanine was introduced in cyanine dye to extend its conjugated π-scaffolds, which could preferentially self-assemble into nanovesicles owing to its amphipathy. Furthermore, withaferin A (WA), used as a chemotherapeutic drug, was loaded to construct MWNs. The assembled or disassembled MWNs behaved differently in photoacoustic (PA) intensity and fluorescence signal intensity. The MWNs exhibited stronger PA signals and quenched fluorescence, which monitors their distribution and images the tumor location in vivo , while the disassembled MWNs showed weak PA signals and recovered fluorescence, indicating the release of drug and instructing the appropriate time to irradiate for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Thus, ROS generation introduced by PDT and released WA led to cell apoptosis. This intelligent nanosystem for precise cancer therapy that reveals where the tumor is, when to irradiate the tumor, and how the tumor is cured might establish the basis for biomedical applications of finely controlled platform. [Display omitted] • Precision medicine is highly desirable for cancer treatment. • We developed a theranostic nanosystem for enhanced ROS-mediated cells apoptosis. • Supramolecular self-assembly nanovesicles with dual-modality tumor imaging. • Monitoring of where drug distribute, when drug release and when to laser for PDT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we first show that the Jacobian Conjecture is true for non-homogeneous power linear mappings under some conditions. Secondly, we prove an equivalent statement about the Jacobian Conjecture in dimension and give some partial results for . Finally, for a homogeneous power linear Keller map of degree , we give the inverse polynomial map under the condition that . We shall show that if and , but also give an example with and such that . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: To perform an evaluation of the risk to healthcare personnel of exposure to cisplatin during a Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedure in an operating room environment. Methods: Breathing zone air samples were taken from the operating room (OR) before, during and after the procedure of HIPEC filter membrane adsorption and the liquid impact method was applied to collect air samples. The samples of surface wipe from the floor of the OR were taken after the procedure. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was used to detect the content of cisplatin in all the samples. Results: Thirty-six air samples and three surface wipes were collected from three different locations of healthcare personnel breathing zones. All the breathing zone air samples were negative for cisplatin; however, cisplatin contamination was detected on three surface wipes from the floor, but in a lowconcentration(≤ 2.25 ng). Conclusion: The results suggest that the risk of inhalation of cisplatin was extremely low for the healthcare personnel during the procedure of HIPEC, but the contamination of the OR floor should be taken into consideration. • open technique increase the exposure of operating room personnel to chemotherapy. • risk was extremely low for the healthcare personnel during the procedure of HIPEC. • the contamination of the OR floor should be taken into consideration. • use Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) detect content of cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age-related cataract (ARC) is a common eye disease that occurs mostly in the elderly. Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNA (circRNA) plays an important role in disease development. However, there are few reports about the role of circRNA in cataract. Here, we investigated the function of circ_0060,144 in ARC. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of circ_0060,144, miR-23b-3p, and homeodomain interacting protein kinase 3 (HIPK3) mRNA. CCK-8 and flow cytometry analysis of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blot was performed to measure protein-associated proliferation and apoptosis. ELISA was used to detect cellular MDA and GSH-Px levels. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and RNA pull-down assays were used to investigate the association between miR-23b-3p and circ_0060,144 or HIPK3. Circ_0060,144 and HIPK3 mRNA expression were decreased in ARC tissues, and miR-23b-3p was increased. Circ_0060,144 overexpression promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of SRA01/04 cells. And proliferation-related and apoptosis-related proteins also confirmed this conclusion. In addition, circ_0060,144 overexpression reduced MDA level and increased GSH-Px level. In terms of mechanism, circ_0060,144 inhibited HIPK3 expression via sponging miR-23b-3p. Circ_0060,144 promoted ARC development via regulation of miR-23b-3p/HIPK3 axis. • Expression of circ_0060,144 is decreased in the ARC. • Circ_0060,144 promotes SRA01/04 cell proliferation and inhibits SRA01/04 cell apoptosis. • Circ_0060,144 targets miR-23b-3p. • HIPK3 was a target of miR-23b-3p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pentraxin3 (PTX3) on human oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake and cholesterol efflux from human macrophage foam cells, which may play a critical role in atherogenesis. Methods: The effects of PTX3 on oxLDL uptake and cholesterol efflux were determined after transfection of human THP-1 macrophages with pSG5hPTX3 or PTX3siRNA plasmids. To evaluate the role of specific signaling pathways, human THP-1 cells were pre-treated with inhibitors of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3-K), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways (PD98059, LY294002, and SB203580, respectively), and then exposed to oxLDL for the uptake assay or oxLDL and [3H]-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for the cholesterol efflux assay. Results: PTX3 overexpression not only promoted oxLDL uptake but also significantly reduced cholesterol efflux to apoA-I; it also significantly decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and ATP-binding membrane cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA1), which was increased with PTX3 silencing. Furthermore, PTX3 significantly increased p-ERK1/2 levels in THP-1-derived foam cells, and inhibition of ERK1/2 by PD98059 significantly reduced the oxLDL uptake and promoted the cholesterol efflux induced by PTX3 overexpression. Conclusion: Here, we demonstrate that PTX3 affects lipid accumulation in human macrophages, increasing oxLDL uptake and inhibiting cholesterol efflux. That is the underlying possible mechanisms of PTX3 contribution to the progression of atherosclerosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] A metal–organic framework (MOF) thin film constructed from Zn nodes and naphthalenediimide (NDI) linkers was grown in-situ uniformly on a transparent conducting glass substrate. This transparent thin film exhibits intriguingly high-contrast electrochromic (EC) switching between canary yellow and dark brown by means of a one-electron redox reaction at its NDI linkers. The findings provide a basic comprehension of the relations between redox state and electrochromism and enrich the application of MOF in the field of optoelectronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The resource allocation is developed to reduce ISRS impact on services QoT. • A novel routing selection algorithm based on link and route weights is proposed. • The algorithm fully considers the factors affecting the degradation of services QoT by ISRS to reduce the ISRS impact in both routing and spectrum allocation phases. • The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than the benchmark algorithm. C + L-bands elastic optical networks (EONs) cope with growing traffic demands by leveraging the C and L bands of deployed optical fibers. In this scenario, the inter-band stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) becomes more serious and degrades the quality of transmission (QoT) of services, and should be considered to guarantee the lightpaths establishment for services in the routing, modulation, band, and spectrum allocation (RMBSA). In this paper, we propose an ISRS impact-reduced RMBSA algorithm that reduces the ISRS impact on services at the RMBSA process. In the routing phase, selecting the route with more available contiguous aligned frequency slots (FSs) and shorter transmission distance, the less ISRS impact of requests can be suffered and the spectrum resources of each link can be used as much as possible. In the modulation phase, the lower-order modulation format which can achieve the least required FSs and has higher OSNR tolerance is selected. In the band and spectrum allocation phase, allocation of higher-order modulation format requests to the C-band to reduce the ISRS impact from C-band to L-band. Meanwhile, centralized assignment of more required FSs requests to reduce the ISRS impact of these requests on other requests. Simulation results indicate that the proposed RMBSA algorithm can effectively decrease the blocking probability, improve the resource utilization and request average optical signal-to-noise ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract As an important component of complementary and alternative medicines, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are gaining more and more attentions around the world because of the powerful therapeutic effects and less side effects. However, there are still some doubts about TCM because of the questionable TCM theories and unclear biological active compounds. In recent years, gut microbiota has emerged as an important frontier to understand the development and progress of diseases. Together with this trend, an increasing number of studies have indicated that drug molecules can interact with gut microbiota after oral administration. In this context, more and more studies pertaining to TCM have paid attention to gut microbiota and have yield rich information for understanding TCM. After oral administration, TCM can interact with gut microbiota: (1) TCM can modulate the composition of gut microbiota; (2) TCM can modulate the metabolism of gut microbiota; (3) gut microbiota can transform TCM compounds. During the interactions, two types of metabolites can be produced: gut microbiota metabolites (of food and host origin) and gut microbiota transformed TCM compounds. In this review, we summarized the interactions between TCM and gut microbiota, and the pharmacological effects and features of metabolites produced during interactions between TCM and gut microbiota. Then, focusing on gut microbiota and metabolites, we summarized the aspects in which gut microbiota has facilitated our understanding of TCM. At the end of this review, the outlooks for further research of TCM and gut microbiota were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the high and increasing prevalence of obesity, the safe and effective treatment of obesity would be beneficial. Here, we examined whether oral hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), an active compound from the dried florets of Carthamus tinctorius L., can reduce high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 J mice. Our results showed that the average body weight of HF group treated by HSYA was significantly lower than that of the HF group (P < 0.01). HSYA also reduced fat accumulation, ameliorated insulin resistance, restored glucose homeostasis, reduced inflammation, enhanced intestinal integrity, and increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in HF diet-fed mice. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in fecal samples demonstrated that HSYA reversed HF diet induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Particularly, HSYA increased the relative abundances of genera Akkermansia and Romboutsia, as well as SCFAs-producing bacteria, including genera Butyricimonas and Alloprevotella, whereas it decreased the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of HF diet-fed mice. Additionally, serum metabolomics analysis revealed that HSYA increased lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), L-carnitine and sphingomyelin, and decreased phosphatidylcholines in mice fed a HF diet, as compared to HF group. These changed metabolites were mainly linked with the pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Spearman’s correlation analysis further revealed that Firmicutes was positively while Bacteroidetes and Akkermansia were negatively correlated with body weight, fasting serum glucose and insulin. Moreover, Akkermansia and Butyricimonas had positive correlations with lysoPCs, suggestive of the role of gut microbiota in serum metabolites. Our findings suggest HSYA may be a potential therapeutic drug for obesity and the gut microbiota may be potential territory for targeting of HSYA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have been commonly used as add-on medications for patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, the development of long-acting GLP-1 analogues which allow the freedom and flexibility of once-weekly injections while maintaining their potency for a relatively long period has become the mainstream. Here, we successfully developed a long-acting human GLP-1(7–37) analogue (BPI-3016) with significantly extended half-life and increased resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) cleavage by structural modifications of human GLP-1. In vitro activity of BPI-3016 including GLP-1 receptor affinity and stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production was measured. In vivo activity of BPI-3016 such as its effects on glycemic control, β-cell mass and body weight was evaluated in ob/ob mice, db/db mice, and spontaneous diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. The results indicated that BPI-3016 preserved receptor affinity to GLP receptors, and was capable of stimulating cAMP production. In in vivo pharmacokinetic study, the half-life of BPI-3016 was more than 95 h after single dosing in diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. Also, BPI-3016 reduced fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose levels for up to a week after a single dose; It reduced body mass index (BMI), body fat, improved glucose tolerance and showed insulinotropic effects after once-weekly injection for 7 weeks. In conclusion, BPI-3016 retains the effects of GLP-1 with significantly prolonged half-life, making it a promising therapy for type 2 diabetes with once-weekly treatment in the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural vegetation has been proved to promote water purification in previous studies, while the relevant laws has not been excavated systematically. This research explored the relationships between vegetation cover and water quality indexes in Liaohe River Basin in China combined with self-organizing map (SOM) and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) innovatively and systematically based on the distributing heterogeneity of water quality conditions. Results showed that the central and northeast regions of the study area had serious organic and nutrient pollution, which needed targeted treatment. And SOM verified that high vegetation coverage with retention potential of organic and inorganic pollutants as well as nutrients improved water quality to some degree, while the excessive discharges of pollutants still had serious threats to nearby water environment despite the purification function of vegetation. GTWR indicated that the waterside vegetation was beneficial for dissolved oxygen increasing and contributed to the decreasing of organic pollutants and inorganic pollutants with reducibility. Natural vegetation also obsorbed nutrients like TN and TP to some degree. However, the retential potential of nitrogen and organic pollutants became not obvious when there were heavy pollution, which demonstrated that pollution sources should be controlled despite the purification function of vegetation. This study implied that natural vegetation purified water quality to some degree, while this function could not be revealed when there was too heavy pollution. These findings underscore that the pollutant discharge should be controlled though the natural vegetation in ecosystem promoted the purification of water bodies. • Natural vegetation had a certain promoting effect on water quality improvement. • Excessive pollution impacted water quality though the vegetation purification. • Nitrogen absorption of vegetation became not obvious with heavy nitrogen pollution. • Pollutants with similar distribution patterns needed the targeted treatment. • Construction of waterfront vegetation is a good method to improve water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent corneal epithelial defects (PED) can lead to irreversible blindness, seriously affecting the social function and life quality of these patients. When it comes to refractory PED, such as limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), that does not respond to standard managements, stem cell therapy is an ideal method. Oral mucosal epithelium (OME) abundant with stem cells within the base, is a promising autologous biomaterial, with much resemblance to corneal epithelial structures. In this experiment, uncultured autologous rat OME was directly applied to alkali burned corneas. Clinical evaluations and histological analyses showed that the transplantation accelerated the healing process, presenting faster re-epithelization and better formation of corneal epithelial barrier. To further investigate the therapeutic mechanism, oral epithelium was transplanted to de-epithelialized cornea in vitro for organ culture. It could be observed that the oral epithelial cells could migrate to the corneal surface and form smooth and stratified epithelium. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that the re-formed epithelium derived from OME, maintained stemness and transformed to corneal epithelial phenotype to some extent. Corneal stroma may provide the suitable microenvironment to promote the trans-differentiation of oral stem cells. Thus, both in vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that oral epithelium could play a positive role in treating refractory PED. • OME is an ideal autologous biomaterial abundant with stem cells and resemble to corneal epithelial structures. • Autologous OME transplantation could promote the wound healing of the rat alkali-burn injured corneas. • The de-epithelialized corneas could achieve re-epithelialization with the transplanted OME grafts. • The re-formed epithelium by OME transplantation maintained stemness and transformed to corneal epithelial phenotype. • OME transplantation could be a simple and effective method for the treatment of persistent corneal epithelial defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We describe the first example of combining bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) recombination-mediated mutagenesis with reverse genetics for a negative strand RNA virus. A BAC-based respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) rescue system was established. An important advantage of this system is that RSV antigenomic cDNA was stabilized in the BAC vector. The RSV genotype chosen was A2-line19F, a chimeric strain previously shown to recapitulate in mice key features of RSV pathogenesis. We recovered two RSV reporter viruses, one expressing the red fluorescent protein monomeric Katushka 2 (A2-K-line19F) and one expressing Renilla luciferase (A2-RL-line19F). As proof of principle, we efficiently generated a RSV gene deletion mutant (A2-line19FΔNS1/NS2) and a point mutant (A2-K-line19F-I557V) by recombination-mediated BAC mutagenesis. Together with sequence-optimized helper expression plasmids, BAC-RSV is a stable, versatile, and efficient reverse genetics platform for generation of a recombinant Pneumovirus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are attractive candidates for cell based therapies to cardiovascular disease such as infarction and atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms responsible for stem cell chemotaxis and homing remain unknown. Chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1α) is involved in the process of atherogenesis. This study was aimed at investigating whether the SDF-1α of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) plays a role in migration of BM-derived CXCR4+(receptor for SDF-1α) stem cells. Methods: HUVECs were cultured from human umbilical cords and was treated with ox-LDL. The mRNA and protein expression of SDF-1α was detected in HUVECs. CXCR4+BMSCs from bone marrow were isolated and were tested by migration and adhesion assays. Results: It was found that ox-LDL induced HUVECs to increase the mRNA and protein expression of SDF-1α. Ox-LDL increased the migratory and adhesion response of CXCR4+BMSCs. When the neutralizing SDF-1α antibody abrogated the secreted SDF-1α, the migration and adhesion response of CXCR4+BMSCs markedly decreased. Conclusions: Our data indicated that the endothelial cells (ECs) stimulated by ox-LDL could increase the BMSCs migratory response via SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling axis. These findings provide a new paradigm for biological effects of ox-LDL and have implications for novel stem cell therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Lead (Pb) is widely recognized as a neurotoxicant. One of the suggested mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity is apoptotic cell death. And the mechanism by which Pb2+ causes neuronal death is not well understood. The present study sought to examine the obligate nature of cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), phosphorylation of its substrate retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and its select upstream signal phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway in the death of primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons evoked by Pb2+. Our data showed that lead treatment of primary hippocampal cultures results in dose-dependent cell death. Inhibition of CDK4 prevented Pb2+-induced neuronal death significantly but was incomplete. In addition, we demonstrated that the levels of cyclin D1 and pRb/p107 were increased during Pb2+ treatment. These elevated expression persisted up to 48 h, returning to control levels after 72 h. We also presented pharmacological and morphological evidences that cyclin D1/CDK4 and pRb/p107 were required for such kind of neuronal death. Addition of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (30 μM) or wortmannin (100 nM) significantly rescued the cultured hippocampal neurons from death caused by Pb2+. And that Pb2+-elicited phospho-AKT (Ser473) participated in the induction of cyclin D1 and partial pRb/p107 expression. These results provide evidences that cell cycle elements play a required role in the death of neurons evoked by Pb2+ and suggest that certain signaling elements upstream of cyclin D1/CDK4 are modified and/or required for this form of neuronal death. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• We established a target separation counter-current chromatography technique. • The technique was used to separate components of zedoary turmeric oil. • Four lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitors were efficiently separated. • These are the first sesquiterpene-based natural LSD1 inhibitors characterized. • One of the compounds inhibited tumor cell migration and evasion. Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) was the first histone demethylase identified in epigenetics and has recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for treating tumors. To date, almost all reported LSD1 inhibitors have been chemosynthesized; however, natural products possess pharmacological and biological activity and can be sources for drug development. Here, we established a target separation countercurrent chromatography technique to isolate LSD1 inhibitors from zedoary turmeric oil. Four sesquiterpene-based LSD1 inhibitors were efficiently obtained with an inhibition ratio equal to or less than that of the positive control drug. Compound 2 showed the most potent inhibitory activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 3.97 μM, and was further tested to determine its ability to inhibit LSD1 and its antitumor metastatic effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. These four compounds are the first sesquiterpene-based natural LSD1 inhibitors to be characterized. Our findings provide a new molecular framework for studying LSD1 inhibitors and offer a template for designing more sesquiterpene-based LSD1 inhibitors with potential antitumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of system biology, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is drawing more and more attention nowadays. However, there are still many enigmas behind this ancient medical system because of the arcane theory and complex mechanism of actions. In recent decades, advancements in genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics and culturomics have led to the groundbreaking characterization of the gut microbiota, a 'forgotten organ', and its role in host health and disease. Notably, gut microbiota has been emerging as a new avenue to understanding TCM. In this review, we will focus on the structure, composition, functionality and metabolites of gut microbiota affected by TCM so as to conversely understand its theory and mechanisms. We will also discuss the potential areas of gut microbiota for exploring Chinese material medica waste, Chinese marine material medica, add-on therapy and personalized precise medication of TCM. The review will conclude with future perspectives and challenges of gut microbiota in TCM intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]