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Microalgal technology holds great promise for both low C/N wastewater treatment and resource recovery simultaneously. Nevertheless, the advancement of microalgal technology is hindered by its reduced nitrogen removal efficiency in low C/N ratio wastewater. In this work, microalgae and waste oyster shells were combined to achieve a total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency of 93.85% at a rate of 2.05 mg L−1 h−1 in low C/N wastewater. Notably, over four cycles of oyster shell reuse, the reactor achieved an average 85% ammonia nitrogen removal extent, with a wastewater treatment cost of only $0.092/ton. Moreover, microbial community analysis during the reuse of oyster shells revealed the critical importance of timely replacement in inhibiting the growth of non-functional bacteria (Poterioochromonas_malhamensi). The work demonstrated that the oyster shell - microalgae system provides a time- and cost-saving, environmental approach for the resourceful treatment of harsh low C/N wastewater. [Display omitted] • The removal rate of TIN was 2.05 mg L−1·h−1 in oyster shell - microalgae system. • The average NH 4 +-N removal rate reached 85% when oyster shells were reused. • Replacing oyster shells every 3 cycles prevents non-functional bacteria growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For K ⊂ C a compact subset and μ a positive finite Borel measure supported on K , let R ∞ (K , μ) be the weak-star closure in L ∞ (μ) of rational functions with poles off K. We show that if R ∞ (K , μ) has no non-trivial L ∞ summands and f ∈ R ∞ (K , μ) , then f is invertible in R ∞ (K , μ) if and only if Chaumat's map for K and μ applied to f is bounded away from zero on the envelope with respect to K and μ. The result proves the conjecture ⋄ posed by J. Dudziak [6] in 1984. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Let K be a compact subset of the complex plane C. Let P (K) and R (K) be the closures in C (K) of analytic polynomials and rational functions with poles off K , respectively. Let A (K) ⊂ C (K) be the algebra of functions that are analytic in the interior of K. For 1 ≤ t < ∞ , let P t (1 , ϕ 1 ,... , ϕ N , K) be the closure of P (K) + P (K) ϕ 1 +... + P (K) ϕ N in L t (d A | K) , where d A | K is the area measure restricted to K and ϕ 1 ,... , ϕ N ∈ L t (d A | K). Let H P (ϕ 1 ,... , ϕ N , K) be the closure of P (K) ϕ 1 +... + P (K) ϕ N + R (K) in C (K) , where ϕ 1 ,... , ϕ N ∈ C (K). In this paper, we prove if R (K) ≠ C (K) , then there exists an analytic bounded point evaluation for both P t (1 , ϕ 1 ,... , ϕ N , K) and H P (ϕ 1 ,... , ϕ N , K) for certain smooth functions ϕ 1 ,... , ϕ N , in particular, for z ¯ , z ¯ 2 ,... , z ¯ N. We show that A (K) ⊂ H P (z ¯ , z ¯ 2 ,... , z ¯ N , K) if and only if R (K) = A (K). In particular, C (K) ≠ H P (z ¯ , z ¯ 2 ,... , z ¯ N , K) unless R (K) = C (K). We also give an example of K showing the results are not valid if we replace z ¯ n by certain ϕ n , that is, there exist K and a function ϕ ∈ A (K) such that R (K) ≠ A (K) , but A (K) = H P (ϕ , K). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let S be a pure bounded rationally multicyclic subnormal operator on a separable complex Hilbert space H and let M z be the minimal normal extension on a separable complex Hilbert space K containing H . Let b p e ( S ) be the set of bounded point evaluations and let a b p e ( S ) be the set of analytic bounded point evaluations. We show a b p e ( S ) = b p e ( S ) ∩ I n t ( σ ( S ) ) . The result affirmatively answers a question asked by J. B. Conway concerning the equality of the interior of b p e ( S ) and a b p e ( S ) for a rationally multicyclic subnormal operator S . As a result, if λ 0 ∈ I n t ( σ ( S ) ) and d i m ( k e r ( S − λ 0 ) ⁎ ) = N , where N is the minimal number of cyclic vectors for S , then the range of S − λ 0 is closed, hence, λ 0 ∈ σ ( S ) ∖ σ e ( S ) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Adsorption is a green technology of treating heavy metal-contaminated strong acid wastewaters for the recycling of heavy metal and reuse of strong acid. Herein, three amine polymers (APs) with different alkalinities and electron donating abilities were prepared to investigate the adsorption-reduction processes of Cr(VI). It was found that the removal of Cr(VI) was controlled by the concentration of –NRH+ on the surface of APs at pH > 2, which relies on the alkalinity of APs. However, the high concentration of NRH+ significantly facilitated the adsorption of Cr(VI) on the surface of APs and accelerated the mass transfer between Cr(VI) and APs at strong acid environment (pH ≤ 2). More importantly, the reduction of Cr(VI) was enhanced at pH ≤ 2, due to the high reduction potential of Cr(VI) (E ≥ 0.437). The ratio of reduction to adsorption (α) of Cr(VI) was above 0.70, and the proportion of Cr(III) bonding on Ph-AP excessed 67.6 %. Finally, a proton-enhanced mechanism of Cr(VI) removal was verified by analyzing FTIR and XPS spectra as well as constructing DFT model. This study provides a theoretical basis for the removal of Cr(VI) in the strong acid wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Copper organic complexes with strong chemical stability and high solubility in water are difficult to eliminate with traditional adsorbents. In this work, a novel amidoxime nanofiber (AO-Nanofiber) with the p-π conjugated structure was fabricated through homogeneous chemical grafting coupled with electrospinning and applied to capture cupric tartrate (Cu-TA) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption capacity of Cu-TA by AO-Nanofiber was 198.4 mg/g at an equilibrium time of 40 min, and the adsorption performance remains basically unchanged after 10 times adsorption–desorption cycles. The capture mechanism of Cu-TA by AO-Nanofiber was jointly validated by experiments and characterization such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These results demonstrated that the lone pair of electrons of the N atom from the amino groups and the O atom from hydroxyl groups in the AO-Nanofiber is partially transferred to the 3 d orbital of the Cu(II) ions in Cu-TA, leading to the Jahn-Teller distortion of the Cu-TA and the more stable structure of AO-Nanofiber@Cu-TA was generated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global response to lithium scarcity is overstretched, and it is imperative to explore a green process to sustainably and selectively recover lithium from spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes. This work investigates the distinct leaching behaviors between lithium and transition metals in pure formic acid and the auxiliary effect of acetic acid as a solvent in the leaching reaction. A formic acid-acetic acid (FA-AA) synergistic system was constructed to selectively recycle 96.81% of lithium from spent LIB cathodes by regulating the conditions of the reaction environment to inhibit the leaching of non-target metals. Meanwhile, the transition metals generate carboxylate precipitates enriched in the leaching residue. The inhibition mechanism of manganese leaching by acetic acid and the leaching behavior of nickel or cobalt being precipitated after release was revealed by characterizations such as XPS, SEM, and FTIR. After the reaction, 90.50% of the acid can be recycled by distillation, and small amounts of the residual Li-containing concentrated solution are converted to battery-grade lithium carbonate by roasting and washing (91.62% recovery rate). This recycling process possesses four significant advantages: i) no additional chemicals are required, ii) the lithium sinking step is eliminated, iii) no waste liquid is discharged, and iv) there is the potential for profitability. Overall, this study provides a novel approach to the waste management technology of lithium batteries and sustainable recycling of lithium resources. [Display omitted] • Selectively leaching of >96% lithium by acetic acid-assisted formic acid. • Inhibition mechanism of FA-AA on non-target metals leaching was elucidated. • Li 2 CO 3 recovery process was simplified through roasting conversion. • FA-AA system was green and sustainable with potential benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the original boundary condition-enforced immersed boundary method (IBM) [Wu and Shu (2009) [1] , (2010) [2] is improved to efficiently simulate incompressible flows with moving boundaries. The original boundary condition-enforced IBM can accurately interpret the no-slip boundary condition but becomes computationally tedious in simulating moving boundary problems due to the assembly of a large matrix at every time step and the implicit resolving process. The computational complexity of O (N a) grows significantly with the number of Lagrangian points N distributed on the immersed boundary. To alleviate these limitations, the conjugate gradient technique and the explicit technique are proposed to improve the efficiency of the boundary condition-enforced IBM. The IBM with the conjugate gradient technique fulfills the boundary condition in an iterative way with computational complexity of O (N c) , while the IBM with the explicit technique is a non-iterative approach based on error analysis with computational complexity of O (N d). We also prove that the multi-direct forcing IBM [Luo et al. (2007) [7] ; Wang et al. (2008) [8] which is another popular IBM, is essentially a gradient descent approach to implement the boundary condition-enforced IBM with computational complexity of O (N b). Detailed analyses reveal 2 = a > b > c > d = 1 , which implies the high efficiency of the improved versions of IBM, especially the explicit technique-based IBM with a linear computational complexity. For validation, the IBMs are coupled with D1Q4 lattice Boltzmann flux solver (LBFS) to simulate two-dimensional and three-dimensional flows with moving boundaries. The results show that the conjugate gradient technique-based IBM and the explicit technique-based IBM have computational complexities of O (N 1.4) and O (N) , respectively. Both of them have 2nd order accuracy in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) represents a key defense mechanism against oxidative injury. Hyperglycemia has been linked to increased oxidative stress, leading to endothelial dysfunction, delayed cell replication, and enhanced apoptosis. The effect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on HO activity, HO-1 promoter activity, superoxide anion (O⋅−2, and the number of circulating endothelial cells was measured. The expression of HO-1/HO-2 protein was unchanged, but HO activity was decreased in aortas of diabetic rats compared with control (p<0.05). High glucose decreased HO-1 promoter activity (p<0.05). Hyperglycemia increased O⋅−2 and this increase was augmented with HO-1 inhibition and diminished with HO-1 upregulation (p<0.05). Circulating endothelial cells were significantly higher in diabetic rats and were decreased or increased with administration of the HO-1 inducer (CoPP) or inhibitor (SnMP), respectively (p<0.05). In conclusion, HO-1 upregulation in diabetic rats brings about an increase in serum bilirubin, a reduction in O⋅−2 production, and a decrease in endothelial cell sloughing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the conversion of heme to biliverdin with the release of iron and carbon monoxide. HO-1 is inducible by inflammatory conditions, which cause oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Overexpression of human HO-1 in endothelial cells may have the potential to provide protection against a variety of agents that cause oxidative stress. We investigated the physiological significance of human HO-1 overexpression, using a retroviral vector, on cell cycle progression in the presence and absence of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). The addition of PDTC (25 and 50 μM) to human microvessel endothelial cells over 24 h resulted in significant (P < 0.05) abnormalities in DNA distribution and cell cycle progression compared to cells overexpressing the HO-1 gene. The addition of PDTC resulted in a significantly decreased G1 phase and an increased G2/M phase in the control cells, but not in cells transduced with the human HO-1 gene (P < 0.05). Further, PDTC had a potent effect on DNA distribution abnormalities in exponentially grown cells compared to subconfluent cells. Upregulation of HO activity in endothelial cells, as a result of overexpressing human HO-1, prevented PDTC-mediated abnormalities in DNA distribution. Inhibition of HO activity by tin-mesoporphyrin (SnMP) (30 μM) resulted in enhancement of PDTC-mediated abnormalities in cell cycle progression. Bilirubin or iron did not mediate DNA distribution. We conclude that an increase in endothelial cell HO-1 activity with subsequent generation of carbon monoxide, elicited by gene transfer, reversed the PDTC-mediated abnormalities in cell cycle progression and is thus a potential therapeutic means for attenuating the effects of oxidative stress-causing agents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

As a kind of scarce metal, palladium is widely used in many chemical industries. It essential to recover palladium from secondary resources, especially acidic media, owing to high content of palladium in secondary wastes and widespread extraction of palladium via strong acids. Chemically modified carbon materials not only have the advantage of activated carbon but also achieve the precise removal of specific pollutants, which is a kind of adsorption material with broad application prospects. In this direction, we report a solid carbon material named AT-C, which is obtained by one-step synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles grafted to the carbon surface by amidation. The present adsorbent delivers a high palladium adsorption capacity of 178.9 mg g−1, and desirable thermal and chemical stability. The uniform presence of abundant sulfur atoms and C O in the porous network enables AT-C to achieve selective absorption and rapid adsorption kinetics of Pd2+ in the complex water mixture containing many competing ions in the acidic pH range. For the strongly acidic leachates of catalysts, AT-C exhibits outstanding stability in cyclic experiments. Meanwhile, the fixed-bed column test indicates that 1076 bed volumes of the feeding streams can be effectively treated. In addition, AT-C exhibits superior adsorption selectivity, and the recovery efficiency of Pd2+ in actual industrial wastewater is 96.6%. This work realizes an efficient, rapid, and selective removal of palladium under acidic conditions, and provides a reference for complex industrial water treatment and resource recovery of precious metals. [Display omitted] • Modified carbon (AT-C) was successfully synthesized and used for Pd capture • Pd can be selective adsorption with rapid kinetics by AT-C in acidic environment • The application of AT-C in industrial wastewater and leachate had been verified • Sulfur and C=O coming from thiazole contribute to superior capture capacity of Pd [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimony contamination of tailings from the mining process remain attracted a great amount of concern. In this study, defective UiO-66-X crystal materials are rationally constructed using trifluoroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid as modulators for the removal of Sb(V) from actual tailing sand leachates. XRD and TG characterizations reveal that the number and kind of defects in UiO-66 are influenced by the type of modulators and the addition of trifluoroacetic acid makes UiO-66-TFA contain both cluster and ligand defects. Adsorption experiments show that UiO-66 and UiO-66-HCl achieve 100% removal of Sb(V) at pH 7.5 of the tailing sand leachate, and up to 90% removal of Sb(V) by the three materials at pH 2.5. It is noteworthy that the removal rate of Sb(V) by UiO-66-HCl is still satisfactory even under strongly acidic conditions at pH 0.5, with good potential for practical applications. Four kinetic models are used to fit the adsorption data and the analysis shows that the mechanism of Sb(V) adsorption by three adsorbent is all pseudo-second order and chemisorption acts as an important role in the adsorption process. In addition, the fixed bed adsorption experiments show that the material exhibit good prospects for practical applications. With the help of defect engineering strategy, UiO-66-Xs with structural defects were designed, and the differences in the removal performance of antimony in actual wastewater under different pH conditions were explored, providing new ideas for the removal of antimony in actual wastewater. [Display omitted] • The defective UiO-66 was designed with the help of defect engineering strategy. • The removal performance of Sb(V) by materials under different pH was explored. • The removal performance of Sb (V) varies among the three materials at different pH. • Fixed bed experiments showed that the material exhibited practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) exhibit great potential for simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy recovery. However, the efficiency of microbial electrocatalysis is fundamentally limited by the high resistance and poor biocompatibility of electrode materials. Herein, we construct a novel "binder-free" 3D biocompatible bioelectrode consists of 1D aminated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-NH 2) and 2D conductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets through one-step electrodeposition. As expected, the maximum current density reached to 3.25 ± 0.03 mA cm−2 with the rGO@CNTs-NH 2 electrode, which is 4.33-fold higher than that of a bare rGO (0.75 ± 0.01 mA cm−2), and is among the best performance reported for three-dimensional electrodes. The high microbial electrocatalytic activity is mainly attributed to the excellent performance of electron transfer and bacterial colonization, which originates from the 3D interconnecting scaffold, fast 1D CNTs "e-bridge" and positively charged surface. Image 1 • A binder-free 3D biocompatible rGO@CNTs-NH 2 electrode was constructed for BESs. • 1D CNTs-NH 2 restrained the rGO stacking and provided 3D electron transfer pathway. • Positively charged –NH 2 increases the biocompatibility of BES electrode. • The rGO@CNTs-NH 2 bioelectrode achieved the highest current density reported to date. • The synthesis method is facile, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Abstract Highly stable zirconium metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66 and UiO-66(NH 2)) had been synthesized and investigated to remove arsenic (As) from contaminated water. The As(III, V) removal performance was studied by batch experiments and adsorption kinetics. At the pH of 9.2 ± 0.1, UiO-66 had exceptional removal capacities of 205.0 and 68.21 mg/g for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The As removal processes were exothermic and verified as chemisorption reactions according to the calculation of Gibbs free energy and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm model. Fixed-bed reactor removal experiments indicated that the number of effective treatment volumes reached 2270 and 1775 BVs for As(III) and As(V), respectively, until the most stringent As regulation level of 10 μg/L (initial As concentration at 100 μg/L) was reached. FTIR and XPS study indicated that Zr O bonds of zirconium metal-organic frameworks played a vital role in As adsorption. XANES revealed the As adsorption on UiO-66 without the change of oxidation state. More intriguingly, EXAFS spectra demonstrated the main formation of bidentate mononuclear complexes for As(V), and bidentate binuclear complexes for As(III) on the hexanuclear Zr cluster of UiO-66. The advantages of nontoxicity, high stability, high As adsorption capacity, low-cost and easy availability confirm the highly promising application of zirconium metal-organic frameworks in As-contaminated wastewater remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The targeted capture of platinum from complex and harsh acidic digests such as those platinum-containing secondary resources is essential from the perspectives of green development. Here, a polyamine chelating resin (CMPs-PEI) with excellent selectivity and acid resistance was prepared by a nucleophilic substitution reaction using chloromethylated polystyrene as the parent and polyethyleneimine as the modifier. The experimental results revealed that the adsorbent showed excellent adsorption effect on platinum under different acidities, and its maximum adsorption capacity was up to 337 mg/g at pH 2. More impressively, a rather high capacity of 162.41 mg/g was achieved in 1 + 1 aqua regia (pH −0.7), which was much higher than other adsorbent materials under the same conditions. In addition, the recovery of platinum by CMPs-PEI in practical platinum-containing iron concentrate abatement solution was 100 %. Mechanistic studies showed that the protonated amine groups on CMPs-PEI bound PtCl 6 2− and partially reduced PtCl 4 2− by electrostatic attraction. Meanwhile, the excellent regeneration performance of CMPs-PEI indicated that it showed great potential for green and economic recovery of precious metal ions. [Display omitted] • The polyamine chelating resin showed superior selectivity for platinum in 1 + 1 aqua regia media. • The polyamine chelate resin has an adsorption capacity of up to 162.41nullmg/g of platinum in 1 + 1 aqua regia media. • The recovery rate of platinum in actual acid digestion solutions of platinum-containing iron essence powder was up to 100%. • The protonated amine group on the resin is bound to Pt (IV) and partially reduced Pt (II) by electrostatic adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microalgae appear to be a promising and ecologically safe way for nutrients removal from rare earth tailings (REEs) wastewater with CO 2 fixation and added benefits of resource recovery and recycling. In this study, a pilot scale (50 L) co-flocculating microalgae photobioreactor (Ma-PBR) as constructed and operated for 140 days to treat REEs wastewater with low C/N ratio of 0.51–0.56. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 +-N) reached 88.04% and the effluent residual concentration was as low as 9.91 mg/L that have met the Emission Standards of Pollutants from Rare Earths Industry (GB 26451–2011). Timely supplementation of trace elements was necessary to maintain the activity of microalgae and then prolonged the operation time. The dominant phyla in co-flocculating microalgae was Chlorophyta , the relative abundance of which was higher than 80%. Tetradesmus belonging to Chlorophyceae was the dominant genus with relative abundance of 80.35%. The results provided a practical support for the scaling-up of Ma-PBR to treat REEs wastewater. [Display omitted] • High NH 4 +-N removal of 88.04% was achieved by microalgae in pilot scale. • Reactor operated steadily for 140 days with effluent NH 4 +-N below 10 mg/L. • Timely pH adjustment and trace element addition are two key affect factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive inflammatory responses are involved in secondary brain injury during germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). The process of microglial polarization to the pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes is considered to occur in a major immunomodulatory manner during brain inflammation. We previously found that cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2R) stimulation attenuated microglial accumulation and brain injury following experimental GMH. However, whether CB2R has effects on microglial polarization after GMH remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of CB2R stimulation on neuroinflammation after experimental GMH and the potential mechanisms that mediate M1/M2 microglial phenotype regulation. The results indicated that during the GMH acute phase, microglia primarily polarized to the M1 phenotype and induced an overwhelming release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, JWH133, a selective CB2R agonist, significantly prevented the pro-inflammatory cytokine release while promoting an M1 to M2 phenotype transformation in microglia, resulting in an increased anti-inflammatory cytokine release. Moreover, in thrombin-induced rat primary microglial cells, JWH133 reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and M1 phenotype by enhancing the acquisition of the M2 phenotype. Additionally, JWH133 facilitated synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and its downstream effectors, phosphorylated cAMP-dependent protein kinase (p-PKA) and exchange protein activated by cyclic-AMP 1 (Epac1). The promoting effects of JWH133 on M2 polarization were attenuated with a specific PKA inhibitor but not with an Epac inhibitor, indicating that the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway was involved in the JWH133 effects. This is the first study to propose that promotion of microglial M2 polarization through the cAMP/PKA pathway participates in the CB2R-mediated anti-inflammatory effects after GMH induction. The results will help to further understand the mechanisms that underlie neuroprotection by CB2R in GMH and promote clinical translational research for CB2R agonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low C/N municipal wastewater is difficult to be treated effectively via traditional biological methods, leading to concentrations of pollutants in effluent far exceeding increasingly strict standards. In this work, we propose a novel microalgae-bacteria tandem-type process to simultaneously remove ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 +-N) and phosphorus (P) from municipal wastewater. A 4.5 L microalgae-bacteria tandem-type reactor was constructed and operated stably for 40 days. The removal efficiencies of NH 4 +-N and P reached 97.5% and 92.9%, respectively, effluent concentrations were 0.53 and 0.17 mg/L on average, which met the Environmental quality standards for surface water in China (GB 3838–2002). Remarkably, microalgae ponds accounted for 69.3% and 76.3% of the overall NH 4 +-N and P removal via microalgae assimilation. Furthermore, 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed the abundance of bacteria changed, suggesting that the presence of microalgae leads to some species extinction and low-abundance bacteria increase. This work demonstrated that the microalgae-bacteria tandem-type processes can be efficient and widely applied in the advanced treatment of municipal wastewater. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supported-adsorbents growing on the substrate in situ are equipped with the advantages of high adsorption capacity, excellent regeneration performance, and adaptability to complex wastewater. However, the effects of substrate on the adsorption properties of supported-adsorbent are rarely considered, which will hinder its development and scale-up applications. In this study, the influences of different substrates (Ti, Mo, W, CC) on the Ag+ adsorption behavior of supported-MoS 2 adsorbents were investigated. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption mechanism, and the renewability of these supported-MoS 2 were compared orderly. As a result, MoS 2 grown on a tungsten substrate (MoS 2 –W) exhibits a remarkable adsorption capacity for Ag+ (1.98 mg cm−2 and 598.80 mg g−1), which is 6.38–33 times more than the other three supported-MoS 2. Moreover, the MoS 2 –W also possesses an ultrahigh distribution coefficient (24.80 mL cm−2) for Ag+, and the selection coefficient can reach 1984. XRD and electrochemical characterization analysis indicated that Ag+ adsorption performance of supported-MoS 2 is positively correlated with the degree of its amorphous structure. Substrate W with the terrific electrical properties which may facilitate the disordered growth of MoS 2 , resulting in more active sites exposed, and endow MoS 2 –W with outstanding Ag+ capture performance. Finally, the supported-MoS 2 retains a high removal efficiency of Ag+ after 5 cycles of adsorption and desorption. This study provides a novel perspective for promoting the practical application of supported-sorbents to recycle heavy metals. [Display omitted] • The substrate effect of supported-adsorbent for removing Ag+ has been studied. • The Ag+ adsorption mechanisms and selectivity of different MoS 2 were compared. • W substrate spurs the electrons transfer and transformed the crystal phase of MoS 2. • Supported-adsorbent showed excellent cycle stability owing to structural advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxic toluene can be completely oxidized in CO 2 and H 2 O with novel three-dimensional (3D) In 2 S 3 @Bi 2 WO 6 hierarchical crystals under visible light. Dense and uniform In 2 S 3 nanoflakes are rooted in Bi 2 WO 6 nanoplates which intercross with each other and are anchored on a pliable tungsten mesh. This leads to the construction of a stable and porous interface for adsorbing and decomposing target gaseous toluene. The firm contact between In 2 S 3 and Bi 2 WO 6 initiates the formation of a built-in electric field that helps in channeling the photogenerated electrons in Bi 2 WO 6 CB to quench the holes in 2 S 3 VB. This results in highly capable electrons and holes, as well as notable increase in the yields of •O 2 − and •OH. 99.7% of toluene is removed and 93.4% is converted to CO 2 when it is degraded in simulated air. This validates its remarkable efficacy in detoxifying toluene. • Novel three-dimensional (3D) In2S3@Bi2WO6 hierarchical crystals were prepared. •In2S3 and Bi2WO6 nanosheets are united and anchored on W mesh. •Firm contact between In2S3 and Bi2WO6 renders a direct Z-type heterojunction. •In2S3@Bi2WO6 can efficiently and completely degrade toluene under visible light. •Self-supporting trait will streamline the design and application of In2S3@Bi2WO6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maximum targeted capture silver from contaminated water is urgently necessary for sustainable development. Herein, the perfluorination conjugated microporous polymer adsorbent (F-CMP) has been fabricated by Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction and employed to remove Ag(I) ions. Characterizations of NMR, XPS and FT-IR indicate the successful synthesis of F-CMP adsorbent. The influence factors of F-CMP on Ag(I) adsorption behavior are studied, and the adsorption capacity of Ag(I) reaches 251.3 mg/g. The experimental results of isothermal adsorption and kinetic adsorption are consistent with the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order isothermal adsorption model, which follows a multilayer adsorption behavior on the uniform surface of the adsorbent, and the chemical adsorption becomes the main rate-limiting step. Combined with DFT calculation, the adsorption mechanism of Ag(I) by F-CMP is elucidated. The peaks shift of sp before and after adsorption is larger than that of F1s, suggesting that the –C C– on the F-CMP becomes the dominant chelation site of Ag(I). Furthermore, F-CMP exhibits specific adsorption for Ag(I) in polymetallic complex water, with the maximum selectivity coefficient of 31.5. Our study may provide a new possibility of perfluorinated CMPs for effective capture of Ag(I) ions to address environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The macroscopic equations with actual numerical dissipative terms of the LBFS are derived. • The mechanisms of restraining pressure oscillation and stabilizing numerical computation in LBFS are revealed. • It proposes the reconstructed LBFS that recovers the numerical stability and accuracy of LBFS perfectly. • The reconstructed LBFS has higher computational efficiency than LBFS. The lattice Boltzmann flux solver (LBFS) uses the finite volume method (FVM) to update macroscopic variables while uses the local solution of lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) to calculate fluxes at the cell interface. It overcomes the intrinsic drawbacks of the lattice Boltzmann method which include the limitation of uniform mesh, coupled time interval with mesh spacing, and extra memory requirement. The recovered macroscopic equations indicate that LBFS is a weakly compressible model. In general, directly solving weakly compressible models with the central difference scheme suffers numerical instability and additional treatments are needed to stabilize computation. The present paper firstly recovers the macroscopic equations of LBFS (MEs-LBFS) with actual numerical dissipative terms by approximating its actual computational process and then analyzes the mechanisms of the good performance of LBFS. Based on these mechanisms, the reconstructed LBFS (RLBFS), which directly uses macroscopic variables rather than LBE to calculate fluxes at the cell interface, is proposed. Numerical tests indicate that RLBFS preserves the mechanisms of restraining pressure oscillation and stabilizing numerical computation in LBFS perfectly. It is capable of simulating both steady and unsteady, 2D and 3D, viscous and inviscid flows as well, and has higher computational efficiency than LBFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC) are pluripotent cells with the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myelosupportive stroma, and marrow adipocytes. We used high-throughput DNA sequencing analysis to generate 4258 single-pass sequencing reactions (known as expressed sequence tags, or ESTs) obtained from the 5′ (97) and 3′ (4161) ends of human cDNA clones from a HBMSC cDNA library. Our goal was to obtain tag sequences from the maximum number of possible genes and to deposit them in the publicly accessible database for ESTs (dbEST of the National Center for Biotechnology Information). Comparisons of our EST sequencing data with nonredundant human mRNA and protein databases showed that the ESTs represent 1860 gene clusters. The EST sequencing data analysis showed 60 novel genes found only in this cDNA library after BLAST analysis against 3.0 million ESTs in NCBI''s dbEST database. The BLAST search also showed the identified ESTs that have close homology to known genes, which suggests that these may be newly recognized members of known gene families. The gene expression profile of this cell type is revealed by analyzing both the frequency with which a message is encountered and the functional categorization of expressed sequences. Comparing an EST sequence with the human genomic sequence database enables assignment of an EST to a specific chromosomal region (a process called digital gene localization) and often enables immediate partial determination of intron/exon boundaries within the genomic structure. It is expected that high-throughput EST sequencing and data mining analysis will greatly promote our understanding of gene expression in these cells and of growth and development of the skeleton. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Due to cause the deterioration of water quality and can produce toxic nitrite, the nitrate constituted of great threatens to human health and eco-systematic safety. Among most well-known biotechnology to remove nitrate, the integrated heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification (IHAD) process is promising, especially for the organic-limited polluted water. In this work, the IHAD coupled manganese oxidation (IHAD-MnO) process was developed by using Pseudomonas sp. SZF15 (Gram negative strain, and rod-shaped morphology with 2.3 μm in length) in the glass serum bottles. It was found that limited organic content could accelerate nitrate removal rate, and manganese oxidation efficiency can reach up to 60.08%. To further explain carbon conversion characteristics of the process, pure heterotrophic condition assays were conducted, the results confirmed that inorganic carbon will be generated by organic carbon metabolism in heterotrophic condition, the maximum accumulation content of inorganic carbon was 142.21 mg/L (when the initial organic carbon level was 293 mg-C/L). Subsequently, since the consumption of organic carbon, biogenic inorganic carbon can be further utilized by microorganisms to support autotrophic denitrification (AuDN). Besides, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze precipitation products produced from the process. The magnified Mn 2p spectra results showed that a typical characteristic peak of manganese dioxide was observed with the intense peak at 641.8 eV and a satellite peak at 653.7 eV, respectively. This showed that Mn(II) was oxidized to manganese dioxide by the process, which may be a functional material with adsorption properties. The process posed a highly efficient and cost effective solution with less carbon consumption and less greenhouse gas emission for sustainable water treatment technologies. • A IHAD-MnO process for simultaneous removing nitrate, manganese ion and inorganic/organic matters was developed successfully. • IHAD process with characteristic of internal carbon utilization was proposed. • The process posed a highly efficient solution for sustainable water treatment technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]