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act The clothing industry has recently experienced a difficult phase in Romania as a result of the COVID 19 crisis, the invasion of Russia in Ukraine, in a general sense, and the liberalization of the clothing trade, the reduction of lohn contracts and the transition of periods of economic crisis, in particular meaning. This paper aims to present the methods by which the expenses from the production activity of the companies in the Romanian clothing industry can be analyzed and reduced. We consider this scientific research necessary because the overall analysis of expenses allows evaluating the credible and complete financial performance of the targeted activity sector. The empirical study presents a factorial analysis of expenses in the clothing industry at the microeconomic level - the chosen commercial company is representative in Romania, and the research study is conducted between 2016-2022. Following the establishment of the necessary corrections to ensure healthy principles of carrying out clothing manufacturing activities at the analyzed company, the performance analysis results through operating expenses, financial expenses and those related to income showed a low efficiency from an economic perspective in most periods

The authors of this study aim to carry out a dynamic and structural analysis of the revenues and expenses of an economic entity supplying drinking water, for the period 2021-2022, to highlight their evolution as a result of the increase in the water tariff. For the profitability of the activity of the analyzed economic entity, it is particularly important to know the expenses caused by the performance of the specific activity and, respectively, to identify the best ways to improve its performance. As is known, the correlated analysis of expenses and the management of financial, material, and human resources is the basis of the managerial decision-making process of an economic entity. The objective of this research is to develop an analysis of expenses related to incomes in order to highlight their evolution, as well as the factors that influence their size. The research focused on the study of specialized literature, complemented by a case study comprising the vertical analysis of the profit and loss account, as well as the dynamic and structural analysis of the expenses and revenues of a company in the targeted field. The obtained result resides in the observation that, for the analyzed entity, the revenues adversely influence the efficiency of the total expenses. The article ends with the authors’ conclusions regarding how the expenses related to the analyzed entity’s revenues evolved during the mentioned period and the effect over time of the resulting variations.

The financial reporting of public institutions includes official documents presenting the financial position of the assets managed by the state and the territorial administrations as well as the execution of the revenues. The financial statements are drawn up on the basis of the European and national legislative framework and are approved by the chief credit officer. The budget execution account is a component of the financial statements prepared by the public institutions in Romania. The article analyzes to what extent the expected revenues and expenditures within the budget are contained in the budget execution account. The budget execution account comprises all the financial operations taking place during the financial year and has a direct link with the revenue received and the payments made, structured according to the budget.

The paper presents the importance of using a correct cost structure in the cost calculation, in accordance with the current legislation. The paper presents a hypothetical study on the cost calculation, according to the model of the complete cost structure, specified by the legislator in the Order of the Minister of Public Finance no. 1826/2003 for the approval of the Regulations on measures regarding the organization and management of the management accounting. The main research methods used in the study were documentation and analysis. In order to correctly apply of the cost calculation, I recommend the following: the proper codification of products launched in production, the correct control and recording of direct and indirect costs and the application of the most appropriate basis for allocating indirect costs. Also, in order to calculate correct the costs, it is necessary to use the calculation items provided in the cost structure, such us: direct expenses, indirect production expenses, general administration expenses and selling expenses.

In the literature there are many approaches regarding the notion of cost and expense. The approaches are varied and complex. Very often both expressions are used as synonyms, or in the definition of expenses and cost appear. It should be clarified what is the connection between the two. Which was born first, cost or expense? The cost is very clearly tied to the production of tangible and intangible assets and the default cost accounting (managerial accounting) and expense relates to incomes and hence of financial accounting. In my understanding the cost is preceding expense. It is imperative to clarify these issues both theoretically and practically. I decided to clarify these issues in this article, as it fallows.

At present, the elaboration of budgets at any level is a real problem especially due to the need of respecting the budget balance principle, since the need for financial resources is greater than the existing funds necessary for a good development of the economic activites. Consequently, by this work, the authors deal with aspects concerning the general framework and procedures of creation, administration, commission and use of the local public funds, and the responsibilities of the local public authorities and of the public institutions involved in the domain of local public finances. The paper deals, on the level of an administrative-territorial unit with a number of about 20.000 inhabitants, with the aggregate budget revenues and expenses that make up the general budget of the respective unit, after consolidation, by the elimination of the transfers of sums between budgets, reflecting the dimension of the public financial effort, on the level of the year 2016 and its state of balance or imbalance. To analyze the data, the authors realized a case study regarding the evolution of the local budget revenues and expenses, at a public entity of Hunedoara County, the results obtained being analyzed and interpreted under the economic and social aspect. The overall objective of this study refers to the possibility of strengthening the operational and financial autonomy of the administrative-territorial unit and the local budget. Although at the national level, the laws necessary for the budget system operation were elaborated on the principle of local autonomy, however, at the level of administrative units we cannot yet speak of the existence of a real local autonomy, whereas the revenues of the local budgets are not sufficient to cover the expense level. The paper ends with the authors’ conclusions related to the need to increase the financial resources mobilized available to the local public authorities, by means of the local budgets, in order to realize the local autonomy - an essential objective of the reform in local public administration.

By the present paper, the authors aim to analyze the reconciliation between the accounting result and the fiscal result obtained by a company of the Romanian national economy. Based on an empirical study, this analysis aims to determine the taxable profit for the period 01.01.2013-31.12.2015, during which we determined the tax refunds and non-refundable expenses through the prism of the influence of taxation – as a lever stimulating the activity of the company, but also constraining it, reflected in the adjustments made on the accounting result in order to obtain the taxable result[2,3]. Taxation acts in the sense of stimulating the investment activity on the level of the company, which highlights the dual character of taxation: on the one hand, it materializes in obligatory taxes paid to the State which directly influence the result and the treasury of the company, and on the other hand the company can use the fiscal advantages to its benefit. The accounting result represents either the accounting profit before the final taxation, if the income is higher than the expenses, or otherwise the accounting loss before the final taxation.

The objective of this article is to highlight the importance of budgets for any organization, there is an interdependence relationship between the degree of the objectives achievement and transfer them into the budget. Based on the previous existing studies regarding the budgets, in this article there is developed a theoretical framework of the budgets, conceptual approaches on the budget, features and stages of budgeting, budgeting principles, methods for forecasting costs and also is developed a case study conducted on the peculiarities budgets in Local Action Groups in Romania. The case study is divided into three parts that refers to to main characteristics of Local Action Groups, particularityes of the costs budgeting within the Local Action Groups and a questionnaire applied to all Local Action Gropups for Romania. The research leads to two important categories of tangible results; on the one hand it is realised a theoretical qualitative synthesis on budgets, and on the other hand it is analized the structure of the expenditure budget, the budget management in the Local Action Groups for Romania.

Considering the fact that the goal of any enterprise, and those that operate in the field of extracting coal, mineral resources aims at maintaining balance relationship between revenue and expenditure, the problem faced by the management of the companies is finding those methods which allow the sizing and control of this type of relationship. For this purpose it shall draw up a document of financial forecasting, namely "the budget of revenue and expenditure", emerged as "an instrument of harmonization and improvement of the relationship between revenue and expenditure", which due to its mining over a specific period of time, usually one year and broken down by quarters, financial revenue and expenditure, thus ensuring steady financial relationship. In the present work we, as starting from general considerations realiarea the budget, to introduce a new model of its întrocmirea taking into account the secificitatea of coal mining of ore extraction.

This paper refers to accounting reports, and information provided by the accounting process by which accounting information is produced and disseminated. It emphasizes and underlines the role and importance of accounting reports and information provided by them in the analysis and management decisions in tourism. Management decisions on the quantity, quality and timing of information provision depends on the cost and benefits of accounting information production and dissemination. Development of correct decisions by the users of accounting information depends on the quality and quantity of accounting information provided by the accounting reports.

The analysis of the result indicators which express the profitability of a company have an important role in establishing the strategy to be followed especially during the economic and financial crisis. To highlight the performance of a business and determine the efficiency of the use of inputs, it is necessary to quantify and measure the results, and in order to measure the results we use a range of performance indicators. They are part of a philosophy of continuous improvement, as the one introduced by Deming, "Deming Way", which is based on the repetitive application of the following principles: "planning - implementation - control - action". These indicators measure the degree to which the results obtained correspond to the efforts and the planned objectives. The purpose of this article is to analyze a company's performance starting from the outcome indicators of the nature of profit, and for reaching this aim we shall have in view the performance of the following objectives: the dynamic analysis of revenues, expenses and profit, the diagnosis analysis of factorial type of the total profit and of the financial profit at S.C. OMV PETROM S.A..

act The analysis of the company’s expenses is mainly important in the management and control activity, because it highlights the way in which are used the resources (material, human, financial) and the impact of their allocation on the company’s performances. The optimization of the level of costs or the their reduction, where it is possible, without affecting the quality of the products and working conditions of the activity, represent the primary objectives of the management of companies.[9] Expenses have been and will remain one of the key indicators of a company requiring continuous application of a control and monitoring mechanism because when it comes to expenses we never speak of their growth, but their reduction. This reduction is the main objective of any economic agent that will result in increasing the efficiency of the entire activity. The costs of a company reflect in cash the total consumption of material, human and financial resources used in manufacturing and selling of the products. The level, dynamics and structure of these expenses reflect synthetically the activity of industrial enterprises when using effectively the available resources. The purpose of this article is to analyze synthetically a company's expenses efficiency based on the efficiency ratio of total expenses at 1000 lei total revenues and the purpose of the article results in a set of conclusions that will highlight a number of important issues concerning the role and the importance of the efficiency of total expenses related to total revenue, as well as the result of the growth of the efficiency of total expenses.

Changes in Romanian accounting system have been articulated with priority to financial accounting, without leaving aside management accounting. Changes in management accounting covered a few general indicative directions giving to managers enhanced skills regarding the organisation and function of this branch of the accounting system. Roumanian regulations offered solutions[16] regarding the accounts and records in managerial accounting, but all these elements are recommendations. In the Roumanian chart of accounts there is a specific class of accounts, class number 9-accounts for management accounting, but this class of accounts is an optional one. In fact there are a lot of models applied by companies, but all are based on the accounts that are mentioned in class 9. After an analysis of Romanian accounting literature, we realized that an important part of studies focuses on management accounting models applied to manufacturing companies. As a result, we conceived a model for management accounting specific for marchendises companies. In our model there are two groups of accounts: one from chart of accounts (class 9) and another group composed by accounts proposed by authors. We think that our model could provide more information about each cost object, regarding sales, acquisition cost of sales, distribution cost, administration cost, total cost of sales, contribution margin and profitability. Our model was exemplified by a case study applied to a wholesales company.

Given that the organization of accounting at the level of any economic unit, as well as that of coal mining units, is based mainly on the specific activity and on the necessities of each proper unit, the current paper aims at analyzing the manner of organizing managerial accountability at the level of the coal extraction societies staring from a succinct presentation of the particularities of the process of production and continuing with analyzing the actual method of cost calculation.

The interest related to costs and their calculation is not limited to determining selling prices, it is particularly moving towards mastery and reduce costs without diminishing the attractiveness of the product. In the market economy frame is important to know how competitors manage to master their costs, but at the same time, and which is the way how the products sold by entity are added in chain costs to users, which causes its costs and performance by them. Action problem on the cost has a very wide scope. First must to be seen cost is determined at what level, in order to know how to act on it. Also, the computing manner can affect how you act on costs. From the technical point of view the managers can act upon costs relying on laws they follow, laws imposed on their behavior.