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In this paper, a new genus and species of arvicolid rodent is described from the late early Pleistocene levels of the sections of Fuente Nueva 3 (Guadix-Baza Basin, Granada, southern Iberian Peninsula), and Quibas (Murcia, southeastern Iberian Peninsula). The majority of Manchenomys n. gen. molars lacks roots, and the morphology of the first lower molar (m1) is simple, with a short and rounded anteroconid complex and widely confluent triangles four and five (T4 and T5) fields.Molar enamel is predominantly negatively differentiated (Mimomys-type). The third upper molar (M3) is also simple, with a short posterior cap. Manchenomys orcensis n. sp. is described from Fuente Nueva 3, and Mimomys oswaldoreigi Agustí, Castillo & Galobart, 1993 from Gilena 2 and Barranco de los Conejos is recombined as Manchenomys oswaldoreigi n. comb. The chronostratigraphic range of Manchenomys n. gen. covers the upper Matuyama geomagnetic chron, between 1.8 Ma (postOlduvai subchron) and 0.99 Ma (Jaramillo subchron). Manchenomys n. gen. was possibly derived from a local population of Mimomys tornensis Janossy & Meulen, 1975, an arvicolid species present in older early Pleistocene levels of Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares current evidence for Mesolithic adaptations along the north Spanish coast from Galicia in the west to the Basque Country in the east. Significant questions and issues pertinent to Mesolithic research are reviewed, followed by a brief discussion of advances in method and theory over the past 25 years. Cantabria, País Vasco, and Galicia are compared with each other and en bloc with evidence from the middle Ebro over the 12-6 ka BP interval considered to bracket the transition between foraging and domestication economies. Marked differences in the time-space grid, geology, and the resolution of the data hinder these comparisons. A radiocarbon database totaling 610 dates is compiled, cleaned, filtered and analyzed for each region individually using summed calibrated date probability distribution (SPD) curves as a proxy for population density fluctuations over time. Regional curves are then compared with each other and with a global model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes various soft-sediment deformation structures present in the Triassic deposits of the Betic External Zone (Southern Iberian). These structures, together with variations in deposit thicknesses, internal angular unconformities, and synsedimentary faults, point to intense tectonic activity from the Middle to Late Triassic related to a stage of rifting. The Middle–Late Triassic in the Betic External Zone shows a sedimentary record represented byMuschelkalk and Keuper facies. In the LadinianMuschelkalk, carbonates appear slumps, breccias, load casts, slide and parallel shear surfaces, and tsunamites. In the sandstones of the Carnian Keuper facies, different seismite beds and ball and pillow structures can be discerned. Above these deposits, the carbonate Zamoranos Formation of the Rhaetian displays volcaniclastic rocks with conglomerates, slumps and synsedimentary faults. All these features and magmatism suggest some tectonic activity, possibly related to the breakup of Pangaea, especially at the end Triassic. We highlight the features that indicate this tectonic activity over time and discuss the factors that triggered the development of these structures, along with the conditions that made this possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from humans, other predators can take part in creating bone accumulations by generating waste materials that may have been mixed with those produced by hominids and leading to the formation of palimpsests. This is discussed here in the case of Middle Paleolithic leporid assemblages, to which carnivores have frequently contributed. Level III of Teixoneres Cave (MIS 3) is a sample that can be used to address the origin of leporid assemblages in archaeological contexts. Applying an archaeozoological and taphonomical methodology has made it possible to state that the assemblage of leporids in the site has been generated by a mix of contributions, in which small mammal carnivores and nocturnal raptors seem to play an important role, together with occasional hominid inputs. The aim of this paper is to present new data about Neanderthal activities at this site and support the hypothesis related to short-term human occupations in the cave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Although ongoing, excavations at the Valdavara-1 cave (Galicia, northwestern Spain) have already yielded a rich and highly diverse terrestrial small vertebrate assemblage. Among the findings, two precaudal vertebrae from the Holocene level (with a radiocarbon age of 4490±40 years BP) are attributed to the golden-striped salamander (Chioglossa lusitanica) and constitute the first fossil evidence for this species. Because of the poor intraspecific genetic diversity of living Spanish populations it has been proposed that they have a recent origin linked with a postglacial expansion from southern refuges. The palaeontological data presented in this paper thus show that the northernmost expansion of the species took place at least as early as the Chalcolithic period and permit the estimation of its dispersion speed within its potential distribution area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper reports the first paleontological record of Beremendia fissidens (Mammalia, Soricidae) in the Iberian Peninsula during the second third of the Early Pleistocene. The species is exclusively present at the lowermost levels (Lower Red Unit: TE8–14) of the Sima del Elefante site, one of the largest stratigraphic sections of the Atapuerca cave complex (Burgos, Spain). The age of Sima del Elefante shows that this large-sized type of red-toothed venomous shrew inhabited the Sierra de Atapuerca more than 1.1 Myr ago, coexisting with an extremely rich and diverse faunal association of nearly 40 small and large mammalian species, including hominines. The presence of this species in the Atapuerca locality has important palaeoecological, palaeobiogeographical and biostratigraphic implications, which are extensively discussed here, throwing light on aspects largely left aside for this important group of red-toothed shrews, previously relegated to nothing but mere faunal lists, at least in the Iberian Peninsular context. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Sciurids are very scarce in the fossil record, especially in the basins of southern Spain. The aim of this paper is to review the Sciuridae record in these basins. The Granada and Guadix basins have yielded specimens of Xerini and Pteromyinae, which represent the largest collection of fossil Sciuridae in southern Spain from the Middle Turolian to the Upper Ruscinian. The new discoveries change the currently known geographical and temporal range of some taxons, since we find the oldest evidence of Pliopetaurista pliocaenica in localities from the Late Turolian and of Heteroxerus mariatheresae in a locality of the Middle Turolian. Furthermore, we record the first evidence of Atlantoxerus margaritae in southern Spain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]