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In a globalized world, executives and managers face daily the inevitability task of making risky decisions involving different sums of money. In many cases, these decisions arise in a foreign language environment. One main question is to what extent can foreign language change the course of action in decision-making at risk? This study aimed to investigate two effects, the influence of Foreign Language Effect (FLe) in decision-making behavior to analyze Brazilians' and Poles' choices in a loss aversion bet game and to compare the risk acceptance level among groups using English as a foreign language and native languages. Additionally, we compare Brazilians and Poles acceptance level in their mother tongue. Results from 150 people living in Poland and 83 people living in Brazil indicated that both groups are less risk averse in almost all levels of bets, showing that the FLe could reduce, to some extent, the loss aversion on risk aversion bias, and, although native Brazilian participants were more risk averse in both high and low-stakes, it was not possible to verify the relationship between the country of origin and the change in the betting acceptance pattern between these two groups.

This study aims to identify the profile of the municipalities of Parana State, Brazil, concerning the use and infrastructure of information and communications technology (ICT). For this purpose, a quantitative study was conducted using multivariate data analysis techniques. The data are secondary and were obtained through a Municipal Basic Information Study (MUNIC) conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2012. The main elements of the analysis were the ICT infrastructure of local governments and authorities, the internet access infrastructure of municipalities, e-administration and e-service resources, communication with the public, the accessibility of sites for people with special needs and digital inclusion. Socio-economic indicators were also used, including the Municipal Human Development Index (HDI-M), per capita income and population size. The main result was the identification of five distinct municipal profiles in terms of ICT use and infrastructure. The size of a town is not a determining factor for local governments to use and make web based services available to its citizens. Many towns remain lacking in basic infrastructure, with every profile showing different needs. As a result, there are a few strong patterns of e-government development and local conditions that could be treated as the foundation for some different policy packages that would be appropriate in these five situations.