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Consensus-building is an essential process for the success of co-design projects. To build consensus, stakeholders need to discuss conflicting needs and viewpoints, converge their ideas toward shared interests, and grow their willingness to commit to group decisions. However, managing group discussions is challenging in large co-design projects with multiple stakeholders. In this paper, we investigate the interaction design of a chatbot that can mediate consensus-building conversationally. By interacting with individual stakeholders, the chatbot collects ideas to satisfy conflicting needs and engages stakeholders to consider others’ viewpoints, without having stakeholders directly interact with each other. Results from an empirical study in an educational setting (N = 12) suggest that the approach can increase stakeholders’ commitment to group decisions and maintain the effect even on the group decisions that conflict with personal interests. We conclude that chatbots can facilitate consensus-building in small-to-medium-sized projects, but more work is needed to scale up to larger projects.

Many devices, such as smart phones, implement vibration motors for tactile feedback. When multiple vibration motors are placed on, for instance, the backrest of a chair it is possible to trace shapes on the back of a person by sequentially switching motors on and off. Social Haptic Communication (SHC) is a tactile mode of communication for persons with deafblindness that makes use of tracing shapes or other types of spatiotemporal patterns with the hand on the back of another person. This could be emulated using vibrotactile patterns. Here we investigated whether SHC users with deafblindness would recognize the vibrotactile patterns as SHC signs (Haptices). In several cases the participants immediately linked a vibrotactile patterns to the Haptice that is was meant to imitate. Together with the participants we improved and expanded the set of vibrotactile patterns.

We present the iReadMore app, a reading therapy for people with acquired reading or language impairments (known as alexia and aphasia respectively). The app was co-designed by people with alexia and aphasia, and has been demonstrated to significantly improve reading speed and accuracy in a randomized controlled trial. It is intended to be used at home without the support of a therapist. Therefore, accessibility and maintaining therapy engagement are key elements in achieving the high therapy doses required for rehabilitation of reading impairments. As such, these elements were developed in a co-design process that included 50 participants over 2 phases. This demonstration will present the flow of the application and detail how we translated a clinically validated prototype into a publicly available therapy app used by hundreds of people with acquired reading impairments since its release in March 2021.

This research aims to explore how tangible technology created through co-design can be designed in a way that invites social interaction for people with intellectual disability. We conducted co-design sessions with one participant to create a sensory musical blanket. As the trials were run in a collective environment, their peers were drawn to the developing design. The design method and unique interactions are key contributions of this research.

In the US, the abuse of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) is at epidemic proportions; however, the reporting of such abuse has been severely lacking. It has been found that individuals with I/DD are more aware of when and how to report abuse if they have received abuse prevention training. Consequently, in this paper we present the design of a mobile-computing app called Recognize to teach individuals with I/DD about abuse. Our research team is diverse, with both individuals with I/DD and neurotypical individuals. We leveraged this diversity by utilizing a co-design process with our team members who live with I/DD. Our team developed three initial prototypes of the app and performed a qualitative, within-group user study with six separate individuals with I/DD who are themselves experienced teachers to other individuals with I/DD. We found that, overall, the app would be viable for use by individuals with I/DD. We end the paper with a brief discussion of the implications of our findings toward building a full prototype of the app.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and voice interfaces have made possible the digital reincarnation of the draftsperson and craftsperson, capable of designing and producing custom work “to spec” for a reasonable cost. We present findings from an experiment using a Wizard-of-Oz-backed recreation of a voice assistant-based designer; participants describe a holiday ornament of their own imagination to the voice assistant, which elicits details and offers design choices before ultimately “creating” the ornament for the participant. For 8 out of 16 participants, a video channel allows the participant to see the designed object as it is iteratively designed and refined. We offer observations about the nature of the interactions between participants and the voice assistant, as well as quantitative measures of participant-reported cognitive load and predicted and actual satisfaction and accuracy of reproduction. Participants report greater satisfaction with their ornaments and experience reduced cognitive load if they can see them being designed; their expectations are higher if they cannot. 15 of 16 participants would use a voice assistant again for a design task.

Applications of artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI/ML) are dynamic and rapidly growing, and although multi-purpose, are particularly consequential in health care. One strategy for anticipating and addressing ethical challenges related to AI/ML for health care is co-design - or involvement of end users in design. Co-design has a diverse intellectual and practical history, however, and has been conceptualized in many different ways. Moreover, the unique features of AI/ML introduce challenges to co-design that are often underappreciated. This review summarizes the research literature on involvement in health care and design, and informed by critical data studies, examines the extent to which co-design as commonly conceptualized is capable of addressing the range of normative issues raised by AI/ML for health. We suggest that AI/ML technologies have amplified existing challenges related to co-design, and created entirely new challenges. We outline five co-design 'myths and misconceptions' related to AI/ML for health that form the basis for future research and practice. We conclude by suggesting that the normative strength of a co-design approach to AI/ML for health can be considered at three levels: technological, health care system, and societal. We also suggest research directions for a 'new era' of co-design capable of addressing these challenges. Link to full text: https://bit.ly/3yZrb3y

Smart things, such as smart watches and smart-door bells, are becoming part of our daily life. Artists are usually inexperienced of how smart things are designed. Experiencing the design of smart things can trigger their imagination and help them produce novel artwork. This paper reports on workshops with five artists, without prior experience of smart-thing design. At the core of the workshops were the ideation tools of IoTgo, which is a smart-thing design toolkit. The first workshop served to use and co-create parts of the ideation tools of IoTgo for and with artists. The second workshop enabled artists to use the tools so as to ideate novel smart-artwork things, and engage again in the evolution of IoTgo. Results of the workshops are reflected over, and useful lessons are distilled in relation to design toolkits for artists.

Drawing from a present need as well as a growing interest towards developing methods to engage participants in research remotely [1,2], this workshop focuses on identifying opportunities and challenges around designing with children from an embodiment perspective [3,4,5,6,10,11,12,13,15]. Themed around whole body interaction and digital technologies [3,7,8,9,10,11,14,15,16,17,18,20,21] the aim of this workshop is to gain methodological insights for the remote participation of children in design, and arrive at design insights addressing the question how we can design remote, inclusive whole body interactions for and with children while attending to child participants’ multimodal communication and bodily engagement [19,21] in a physically dislocated setting [1,2]. The workshop will involve discussions around data gathering from different angles, including relational, ethical, safety and practical perspectives, to create a comprehensive picture of what it entails to orchestrate embodied co-design workshops with children virtually. Outputs from the workshop will contribute to the IDC community by offering methodological insights from attendees’ own experience and presented case studies from researchers and practitioners from both non-academic and academic settings to support children's embodied engagement in remote workshop situations and beyond.

Bullying in schools is a widespread problem with serious consequences. We are exploring the use of social robots and role-playing to foster anti-bullying peer-support. In this paper, we present results from a co-design study with 22 children (8-12 years old) to explore how they envision a “student robot”. To understand how they conceptualize bullying in this context (e.g. whether robots can be bullied), we also investigated how they envision this robot’s various social interactions. We prompted children to imagine a fictional robot about their age and follow a stepwise process to design the robot, and make stories about its interactions. Qualitative analysis of this study suggests themes of robots being described as highly-customizable characters with predominantly positive traits, that are imperfect. We also found that children can articulate various scenarios involving robots taking roles of bullies, victims, and bystanders. These findings contribute insights for designing pedagogical robots and anti-bullying interventions for children.

With the popularity of 2.5D integration, an increasing number of chiplets are integrated into advanced system-in-package designs. In such systems, redistribution layer (RDL) wires become longer and denser, with a growing impact on system performance. However, RDL inductive impacts in timing analysis are ignored by the traditional CAD tools. This paper presents our chiplet-package co-optimization flow, which can capture the RDL inductance impact on system performance and automatically adjust the IO drivers to compensate for the inductance overhead. We develop our extraction and timing analysis tool that models RDL wire inductive timing impact on 2.5D system performance within +/-1% error. Our study shows 35% signal paths through RDL violate the timing requirement because of the inductive impact, and remain undetected through only RC-based STA.

High-Performance Computing (HPC) is at an inflection point in its evolution. General-purpose architectures approach limits in terms of speed and power/energy, requiring the development of specialized architectures to deliver accelerated performance. Additionally, the arrival of new user communities and workloads---including machine learning, data analytics, and quantum simulation---increases the breadth of application characteristics we need to support, putting pressure on the complexity of the architectural portfolio. At the same time, data movement has been identified as a main culprit of energy waste, pushing hardware designers towards a tighter integration of the different technologies. The resulting integrated systems offer great opportunities in terms of power/performance tradeoffs, but also lead to challenges on the software side. In this position paper, we highlight the trends leading us to integrated systems and describe their substantial advantages over simpler, single accelerated designs. Further, we highlight its impact on the corresponding software stack and its challenges and impact on the user. This introduces a different way to design, program and operate HPC systems, and ultimately the need to drop some long-held dogmas or believes in HPC systems.

The Living Lab concept is often distinguished from other user-centered and co-innovation approaches by an aspiration to adhere to principles of openness and empowerment of users, with a focus on innovating ideas that are realistic to the real needs of end-users. However, when it comes to implementing a living lab approach it is sometimes unclear how to put these principles into practice. In this case study, we introduce a framework for mapping three living lab principles to co-design stages within a single co-design framework and describe its use in innovating solutions for solid waste management on a university campus as a pre-cursor to scaling up the approach across the city. We present an evaluation of the framework in use against evidence of adherence to the three living lab principles of openness, empowerment of users, and realism. This work may act as a reference point for researchers to start exploring which concrete co-design activities have better impact in achieving living lab aims. Post-print / Final draft

This case study describes the co-design of Charge ‘n Chill, a charging cart serving houseless residents of Skid Row. This project brought together community activists, Skid Row residents, and university researchers over the course of an 8-week intensive co-design workshop that culminated in the unveiling of a working prototype in the community. Through this case study, we describe the projects’ goals and motivations, as well as the participatory methods which guided our work together. We analyze both our process and its outcome, highlighting lessons we learned and guidelines we offer to others engaged in similar collaborations.

Black, Indigenous, and other Women of Color (BIWOC) studying STEM are underrepresented in STEM and subject to its “chilly” climate; it is unsurprising that BIWOC STEM students report weaker senses of belonging and higher rates of attrition. Counterspaces, or spaces for mutual support for BIWOC at the margins of STEM, have long combated dominant STEM culture to support BIWOC to thrive and persist in STEM. Digital game design and playful interactions to counter oppression can be leveraged to create digital games that function as counterspaces for BIWOC STEM students to playfully cultivate their belonging and persistence. Our exploratory game design research aims to co-design counterspaces games with BIWOC STEM students, and here we present our initial focus group designs centered on exploring existing BIWOC counterspace practices, preliminary data and insights, and promising directions for developing game design strategies to support BIWOC belonging and persistence in STEM.

Due to the evolving nature of technology and its impact on individuals, communities and society, practitioners and designers in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) are expected to consider ethics in their work. This role has inspired the development of a number of resources for practice, such as tools, frameworks and methods to tackle ethical issues in HCI. But these suffer from low adoption rate potentially because they are not yet part of the standard body of knowledge. To mitigate the issue, we argue that there is an urgent need for ethics education in HCI. Beyond defining ethics, an ethics curriculum must enable practitioners to reflect and allow consideration of intended and unintended consequences of the technologies they create from the ground up, rather than as a fix or an afterthought. In this co-design workshop, we aim to build upon existing practices and knowledge of ethics in HCI and work with the CHI community to enrich ethics curriculum. We will scaffold our collective understandings of the existing resources and create guidelines that support interactive educational experiences to support HCI ethics curriculum.

People with dementia (PwD) have been conducting educational activities to live well with dementia. Appropriate CHI design is needed to support the lives of PwD. However, current prototypical systems are mostly designed for needs on the surface and do not approach hidden needs. To develop an system that PwD wants to use on a daily basis, we conducted a co-production practice with PwD focussing on outing their home. We collaborate with a group of early-onset dementia who wanted their opinions to be reflected in ICT. A participatory design workshop was undertaken to discuss the development of outing assistants. As a result, it was found that they did not want the system to be responsible for intervening in their disabilities, but to positively encourage their activities. To conduct a case study for outing assists, we focused on a person with dementia’s activity to verify whether it contributes to her life. The system was implemented as a voice and visual interaction system, designed to encourage a positive relationship between the supporter and her. Our results indicate that the system design to support PwD should produce positive interaction and should be adapted to the individual context.

Working with emergent users in two of Mumbai’s slums, we explored the value and uses of photovoltaic (PV) self-powering digital materials. Through a series of co-design workshops, a diary study and responses by artists and craftspeople, we developed the PV-Pix concept for inter-home connections. Each PV-Pix element consists of a deformable energy harvesting material that, when actuated by a person in one home, changes its physical state both there and in a connected home. To explore the concept we considered two forms of PV-Pix: one uses rigid materials and the other flexible ones. We deployed two low-fidelity prototypes, each constructed of a grid of one PV-Pix type, in four slum homes over a four week period to further understand the usability and uses of the materials, eliciting interesting inter-family communication practices. Encouraged by these results we report on a first-step towards working prototypes and demonstrate the technical viability of the approach.

In recent work, design researchers have sought to ensure that people with disabilities are engaged as competent and valued contributors to co-design. Yet, little is known about how to achieve this with adults with severe intellectual disabilities. Navigating design in the context of complex care practices is challenging, charged with uncertainty, and requires sustained effort of methodological and affective adjustments. To establish a respectful co-design relationship and enrich participation, we turn to Active Support (AS), an evidence-based strategy for engaging adults with severe intellectual disabilities. We present a reflective account of long-term field work that utilized the four aspects of AS, a) every moment has potential; b) graded assistance; c) little and often; d) maximizing choice and control. We discuss how these principles contribute to deepening HCI methods by ensuring interactional turns for adults with severe disabilities, revealing their unique competences, thereby shaping design direction and providing design insight.

This paper addresses collaborative writing in academia. Recent research has indicated that while many tools for collaborative writing exist and continue to be developed, co-writers frequently employ workarounds and cumbersome substitutions to accommodate their writing approaches and collaborative needs. As part of a process to address these issues, we conducted a co-design study on collaborative academic writing with 18 participants. The paper details a three-stage co-design approach developed for this purpose. During this three-stage workshop series, the participants discussed needs, frustrations, and desires in their experiences with collaborative writing. These discussions revealed how participants’ different ways of practicing and experiencing collaborative writing entail contrasting needs that are difficult to balance. Based on an analysis of discussions and artifacts from the workshops, we argue that researchers and designers should aim to support diverse practices and propose a protocol for examining and drawing on the contradictions that arise from co-writers’ idiosyncratic preferences.

The purpose of this paper consists of a co-design assistive technology to problem-solving capabilities and difficulties for people with disabilities of technology use through a value elicitation from person-user and interdisciplinary participants. Methods conducted semi-structured value-oriented interviews with five participants (medicine, design and engineering disciplines, a person-user with disability and a classmate friend) and an extended interview for a person-user from personal experience. Data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. As a result, assistive technology enhances a person-user with motor impairment disability capability with prototype orthosis to improve a professional activity. A value elicitation from prototype orthosis is designed by an interdisciplinary group with positive responses based on reactivating a non-dominant hand to complement the computer use. The conclusion presents how technology extends a biopsychosocial approach based on value-sensitive design, including value interdisciplinary sense-making.

We explore the possibilities of augmented and virtual reality (AR and VR) as co-design tools for service design. Four expert service designers, working in industry, tried out and discussed different VR and AR based tools: Head mounted display (HMD) based VR and AR, and projected environments. The findings emphasize that HMD techniques are not favored, as they isolate the wearer from the co-design situation and hinder the observation of emotions and expressions. Projection of the design context was positively commented, as supporting collaboration in co-design sessions.

The growing population ageing highlights the need for strategies that enable older people to remain healthy and active. Digital technologies can contribute to this; however, the interaction of the elderly subject with these technologies is still frustrating, as these technologies are usually not designed with the needs and expectations of the elderly subject in mind. Engaging the elderly person in a process of interaction codesign may be a viable solution. However, conducting them in participatory activities is challenging. In this paper, we discuss our experiences in engaging ten elderly women, mostly long-lived (80+) in a process of interaction codesign, presenting some strategies used to improve engagement throughout the process, reflecting on the challenges and lessons learned. It is hoped that these strategies can help researchers and designers to engage elderly people in design processes with an effective participatory approach.

Co-design techniques generally rely upon higher-order cognitive skills, such as abstraction and creativity, meaning they may be inaccessible to people with intellectual disabilities (ID). Consequently, investigators must adjust the methods employed throughout their studies to ensure the complex needs of people with ID are appropriately catered to. Yet, there are a lack of guidelines to support researchers in this process, with previous literature often neglecting to discuss the decisions made during the development of their study protocols. We propose a new procedure to overcome this lack of support, by utilizing the knowledge of “experts” in ID to design a more accessible workshop for the target population. 12 experts across two focus groups were successful in identifying accessibility barriers throughout a set of typical early co-design activities. Recommendations to overcome these barriers are discussed along with lessons on how to better support people with ID to engage in co-design.

This initial study explores the design of flavor-based cues with older adults for their self-defining memories. It proposes using food to leverage the connections between odor and memory to develop new multisensory memory cues. Working with 4 older adults, we identified 6 self-defining autobiographical memories for each participant, 3 related to food, 3 unrelated to food. Flavor-based cues were then created for each memory through a co-design process. Findings indicate the dominance of relationship themes in the identified self-defining memories and that flavor-based cues related mostly to multiple ingredient dishes. We discuss how these findings can support further research and design into flavor-based memory cues through 3D food printing.

We explore the potential of limited vocabulary wearable ambient displays and their preferred characteristics in communicating intimacy between couples at a distance. The research comprises two studies: a co-design workshop and a field study of the design concepts generated from the co-design workshops using low-fidelity prototypes. Our findings reveal that wearable ambient displays could potentially help to increase awareness and emotional connections between couples. A limited vocabulary display is considered as a complementary channel to a smartphone, supporting the communication of subtle and lightweight messages that the sender does not necessarily expect a response to. From the user studies, we identify the preferred characteristics, as well as the potential and challenges of low vocabulary wearable ambient displays.

Wearable devices are often expressive and part of our social interactions. Fashion and ethnographic studies have argued for a perspective on socio-cultural practices in wearable design, while recent work in HCI only began to formalise social requirements for wearable design. Our work aimed to understand how cultural practices can inform wearable design. We conducted a ten-month field study on the practice of customising and wearing boiler suits (fi: opiskeljhaalarit) in the Finnish university student culture and co-designed concepts for social wearables using the dialogue-labs method. The most popular designs supported self-expression and belonging to a group, which comply with the students’ cultural practices of constructing social identity. We conclude that social wearables need to let users negotiate between differentiation and belonging to become part of everyday cultural practices.

The aim of this workshop is to engage in co-design of personas to explore the interplay of autonomous technologies with user experience and engagement. Automating a process that is embedded into people's everyday lives and activities will surely impact their experience. In a time where there is strong push towards more and more automation in our daily life, the workshop will explore the value of co-design in bringing to the fore the opportunities and issues of such trend on users’ experiences and engagements in multiple contexts such as work, health, entertainment and learning. Through the co-design of personas in future scenarios of automation the workshop will concretely identify valuable automation design goals for user experience and engagement drawing on participants’ knowledge from industry projects and academic research. Tree concrete outcomes from the workshop are the following

Algorithms are present in many of our everyday activities. However, there is generally low awareness of their presence among users, and there are various conceptualizations to define them. Additionally, algorithms are often both complex and opaque. These characteristics raise challenges when applying co-design activities to the interaction design of algorithms. We argue that researchers can overcome these challenges by developing sensitizing activities: activities that foreground the presence of algorithms, thus raising algorithmic awareness and a shared understanding, without influencing their initial experiences and expectations. We share how we applied sensitizing activities in two case studies: sensitizing interviews, and diary studies together with two-phase workshops. We share our experiences applying these techniques to overcome the challenges of low algorithmic awareness and multiple algorithmic understandings of participants. Finally, we offer recommendations for researchers and practitioners when applying sensitizing activities in this design context and invite further methodological discussion on this challenging topic. no ISSN ispartof: NordiCHI '20: Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society ispartof: Nordic forum for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research NordiCHI location:Tallin date:25 Oct - 29 Oct 2020 status: Published online

We address the challenge of inferring the design intentions of a human by an intelligent virtual agent that collaborates with the human. First, we propose a dynamic Bayesian network model that relates design intentions, objectives, and solutions during a human's exploration of a problem space. We then train the model on design behaviors generated by a search agent and use the model parameters to infer the design intentions in a test set of real human behaviors. We find that our model is able to infer the exact intentions across three objectives associated with a sequence of design outcomes 31.3% of the time. Inference accuracy is 50.9% for the top two predictions and 67.2% for the top three predictions. For any singular intention over an objective, the model's mean F1-score is 0.719. This provides a reasonable foundation for an intelligent virtual agent to infer design intentions purely from design outcomes toward establishing joint intentions with a human designer. These results also shed light on the potential benefits and pitfalls in using simulated data to train a model for human design intentions.

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 Owner/Author. Human-Centred Design (HCD) relies on the use of many methods (e.g. interviews, observations) originating from other disciplines such as social sciences (e.g. ethnography). Such methods often rely on the use of visual tools (e.g. photographs and illustrations) to better facilitate the involvement of the participants in the design process. Most HCD practitioners, however, do not have the necessary visual design skills, and as such, need to work with visual communication designers to co-create visual tools to support their design projects. In this poster, we present a multidisciplinary approach to guide the process of co-creating such visual tools.

High quality AI solutions require joint optimization of AI algorithms, such as deep neural networks (DNNs), and their hardware accelerators. To improve the overall solution quality as well as to boost the design productivity, efficient algorithm and accelerator co-design methodologies are indispensable. In this paper, we first discuss the motivations and challenges for the Algorithm/Accelerator co-design problem and then provide several effective solutions. Especially, we highlight three leading works of effective co-design methodologies: 1) the first simultaneous DNN/FPGA co-design method; 2) a bi-directional lightweight DNN and accelerator co-design method; 3) a differentiable and efficient DNN and accelerator co-search method. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed co-design approaches using extensive experiments on both FPGAs and GPUs, with comparisons to existing works. This paper emphasizes the importance and efficacy of algorithm-accelerator co-design and calls for more research breakthroughs in this interesting and demanding area., GLSVLSI, September 7-9, 2020

In my thesis, I am exploring a soma-based workshop format where I want to co-design a highly personalized artefact with former sufferers of mental health issues. The workshop explores if it could allow the participants to articulate and express their felt experiences of their mental health and result in an individually designed artefact to help address their emotion regulation skills. In this paper, I will look at my work halfway into my PhD and outline my rational, methodology, current state and my next steps.

Multi-species interfaces, where users consist of both human and non-human animals, continue to emerge in many application areas, such as zoos shared spaces between humans and domesticated animals. Within this, new instances of Canine-Computer Interaction are rapidly being developed, including applications that support assistance dogs in helping their handlers with disabilities, and interfaces that support human and dog bonding. Regardless of the specific application, many canine interfaces rely on a pressure-activated interaction for the canine input modality. We report on a two-phase study that explored the current practices of assistance dogs using pressure-activated switches (buttons) and aimed to understand canine experiences using different types of buttons. We discuss not only the practical design implications for designers developing canine interfaces, but also methodological findings in regard to conducting research with both canine and human participants. We aim to continue to extend design practices to include non-human animals as co-designers.

Cycling offers significant health and environmental benefits, but safety remains a critical issue. We need better tools and design processes to develop on-bicycle notification interfaces, for example, for hazard warnings, and to overcome design challenges associated with the cycling context. We present a physical computing toolkit that supports the rapid exploration and co-design of on-bicycle interfaces. Physical plug-and-play interaction modules controlled by an orchestration interface allow participants to explore different tangible and ambient interaction approaches on a budget cycling simulator. The toolkit was assessed by analysing video recordings of two group design workshops (N=8) and twelve individual design sessions (N=12). Our results show that the toolkit enabled flexible transitions between ideation and out-of-the-box thinking, prototyping, and immediate evaluation. We offer insights on how to design physical computing toolkits that offer low-cost, 'good enough' simulation while allowing for free and safe exploration of on-bicycle notification interfaces.

New technologies and practices are constantly transforming our interaction with computational systems. These transformations bring challenges to the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field, along with a constant need to better understand and describe how the design of interactive systems is changing. Currently, movements and theories such as speculative design and embodied cognition present unconventional perspectives and bring debate into the field. We investigate what kind of artifacts and attitude towards the design of interactive systems emerged in the InsTime project, in which 9 interactive installations were co-designed addressing the concept of deep time. Our discussion draws on a juxtaposition of backgrounds in philosophy of science, speculative design, and embodied cognition to analyze and characterize the empirical data from the InsTime project. As contributions, besides presenting the 9 interactive installations from InsTime and their co-design process, our discussion leads to a characterization of an attitude towards design that we named socioenactive design.

We explore the question of how child designers can provide design ideas for technology that might reduce the marginalisation that can be experienced by some of their peers. To do this, we introduce the idea of Expanded Proxy Design that moves beyond the notion of "proxies as people'" in design, to guide methods for engaging children into thinking about design ideas for a group that exists at some distance from their own experience. We outline three case studies where we made use of such methods. First, we consider expanded proxies in the context of technology and newly immigrant children who are unable to speak in English. Second, we consider the case of designing technology for children with and without visual impairments. Finally, we consider designing playful experiences for children with different temperaments. We reflect on the extent to which this expanded notion of proxies can be used as a meaningful vehicle for overcoming marginalisation and exclusion when children with different abilities design for each other. And we suggest ways to characterise, develop and refine expanded proxy design methods in this broader sense.

Inclusivity is central to Participatory Design (PD) practice, but despite significant efforts in IDC and beyond, it is still hard to achieve during PD, because of a series of barriers (e.g. access to users, language). Such barriers increase especially when it comes to ensuring and supporting the participation of children with varying or complex needs, or when prospective participants are geographically distributed. This workshop aims to create the basis of a distributed PD (DPD) protocol to provide practical advice in overcoming the challenges of ensuring inclusivity for children with varying or complex needs around the world. The protocol will build on the participants' prior experience and on a live PD design session with children and adults, and be guided by discussions around approaches to address a specific design problem while maximising inclusivity across geographical boundaries and research contexts. It is intended to become a springboard for the world's most inclusive Distributed PD project.

Evidence and analysis of Community-Based Participatory Design (PD) and Co-Design programs are not abundant. Filling this gap allows for better understanding of (1) the value programs offer from a quantitative standpoint, and (2) how to formalize participation within PD. In this paper, we present evidence from a series of International Development Design Summits (IDDS), a PD-oriented program focused on low-cost technology co-design and co-production, in collaboration with local communities. The purpose is to provide opportunities for learning and practicing community-based PD in an intercultural setting. We examine data from five summits in Colombia between 2015-2018. We discuss the value of this approach across multiple groups, and how it can be understood as a measure of participation. We present evidence of participant benefits, including an exploratory analysis of self-perception using sentiment analysis. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential directions for this work. This paper contributes to further understand the value of participation (the “co”) in the context of community-based PD.

Fashion brands have started to include adaptive lines for individuals with dressing challenges, but they are often expensive, and are not always suited to an individual's personal style or functional needs. To help with this we have co-designed a toolkit with collaborators with mobility disabilities so that they can alter their own garments or off-the-rack garments with accessible tools. In this paper we describe the co-design process for a stitch-less pocket adaptation and the tools and stencils that were developed with 9 collaborators as part of the Open Style Lab program. We discuss how our collaborators designed their garment adaptations to reflect their own style, all while using the same set of accessible stencils and tools.

This paper investigates mechanisms for scaling participation in participatory design (PD). Specifically, the paper focuses on managed communities, one strategy of generification work. We first give a brief introduction on the issue of scaling in PD, followed by exploring the strategy of managed communities in PD. This exploration is underlined by an ongoing case study in the healthcare sector, and we propose solutions to observed challenges. The paper ends with a critical reflection on the possibilities managed communities offer for PD. Managed communities have much to offer beyond mere generification work for large-scale information systems, but we need to pay attention to core PD values that are in danger of being sidelined in the process. © ACM, 2020. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published here, http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3384772.3385143

When it comes to algorithmic rights and protections for children, designers will need to face new paradigms to solve problems they are targeting. The field of Design typically deals with form and function and is executed in molecules or pixels. But algorithms have neither. More importantly, algorithms may be biased in their execution against those without privileged status such as people of color, children, and the non-affluent. In this paper, we review our work on exploring perceptions of fairness in AI through co-design sessions with children of color in non-affluent neighborhoods of Baltimore City. The design sessions aimed at designing an artificially intelligent librarian for their local branch. Our preliminary findings showcase three key themes of this group's perceptions of fairness in the context of an artificially intelligent authority figure.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is continuously moving into our surroundings. In its various forms, it has the potential to disrupt most aspects of human life. Yet, the discourse around AI has long been by experts and for experts. In this paper, we argue for a participatory approach towards designing human-AI interactions. We outline how we used design methodology to organise an interdisciplinary workshop with a diverse group of students – a workbook sprint with 45 participants from four different programs and 13 countries – to develop speculative design futures in five focus areas. We then provide insights into our findings and share our lessons learned regarding our workshop topic – AI and Space – our process, and our research. We learned that involving non-experts in complex technical discourses – such as AI – through the structural rigour of design methodology is a viable approach. We then conclude by laying out how others might use our findings and initiate their own workbook sprint to explore complex technologies in a human-centred way.

ATHack, an annual assistive technologies hackathon at MIT, is unique in that community members living with disabilities (co-designers) propose projects and work with hackers to create prototypes over a two-week period. Since 2014, over 75 co-designers and 400 students have participated in ATHack. We present an overview of the program goals and implementation and share our reflections on the strengths and challenges surrounding the event as organizers, participants, and co-designers. Our reflections include that open communication between co-designers and participants is crucial, and that working on well-scoped, feasible projects is motivating for participants. From a survey (n=48) of ATHack participants from 2014-2019, 89% of respondents would recommend the event and 75% reported that they learned about disability and user-centered design. Our reflections suggest that the collaborative hackathon model can engage students spark innovations in accessible interfaces. We hope this report will inspire and guide others in implementing similar educational and design initiatives.

We explore the information needs of hospitalized children by analyzing co-design prototypes created by children. We facilitated two simultaneous, yet separate co-design sessions with mixed groups including both children who had been hospitalized and siblings of children who had been hospitalized. The sessions focused on identifying information needs in the inpatient hospital setting. Our findings revealed that both hospitalized children and their siblings view information needs from multiple perspectives, including those of their parents, their physician, and of the hospitalized child themselves. Both co-design groups identified similar needs, including: communicating with people outside their room, tracking important people, and having entertainment for the hospitalized child.

Adolescents with chronic conditions must work with family caregivers to manage their illness experiences. To explore how technology can support collaborative documentation of these experiences, we designed and distributed a paper diary probe kit in a two-week field deployment with 12 adolescent-parent dyads (24 participants). Three insights emerged from the study that highlight how technology can support shared illness management: 1) provide scaffolds to recognize physical and emotional experiences in the context of daily activities; 2) help families reconstruct patient experiences; and 3) adapt to individual preferences for capturing, representing and sharing experiences. We discuss opportunities for HCI research that follow from these findings and conclude by reflecting on the benefits and limitations of using diary probes with adolescent patients and their parental caregivers.

This paper has been selected for a Best Paper award at CHI2020.The SIGCHI “Best of CHI” awards honour exceptional submissions to SIGCHI sponsored conferences.A total of 31 Papers received a Best Paper award (top 1% of submissions), 125 papers received Honourable Mention (remaining top 5% of submissions). Process: the Best Paper Committee, which includes the Awards Chairs and 19 committee members (one from each subcommittee), adjudicated the selection of the Best Papers and Honourable Mentions based on nomination scores and paragraphs that were provided by the CHI Associate Chairs.; International audience; Despite being included in mainstream schools, visually impaired children still face barriers to social engagement and participation. Games could potentially help, but games that cater for both visually impaired and sighted players are scarce. We used a co-design approach to design and evaluate a robot-based educational game that could be inclusive of both visually impaired and sighted children in the context of mainstream education. We ran a focus group discussion with visual impairment educators to understand barriers to inclusive play. And then a series of co-design workshops to engage visually impaired and sighted children and educators in learning about robot technology and exploring its potential to support inclusive play experiences. We present design guidelines and an evaluation workshop of a game prototype, demonstrating group dynamics conducive to collaborative learning experiences, including shared goal setting/execution, closely coupled division of labour, and interaction symmetry.

Many organizations have published principles intended to guide the ethical development and deployment of AI systems; however, their abstract nature makes them difficult to operationalize. Some organizations have therefore produced AI ethics checklists, as well as checklists for more specific concepts, such as fairness, as applied to AI systems. But unless checklists are grounded in practitioners' needs, they may be misused. To understand the role of checklists in AI ethics, we conducted an iterative co-design process with 48 practitioners, focusing on fairness. We co-designed an AI fairness checklist and identified desiderata and concerns for AI fairness checklists in general. We found that AI fairness checklists could provide organizational infrastructure for formalizing ad-hoc processes and empowering individual advocates. We highlight aspects of organizational culture that may impact the efficacy of AI fairness checklists, and suggest future design directions.