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This paper documents a systematic approach (RAMLFlask) to extending Web application frameworks (Flask) to include support for interface-description languages (IDLs such as RAML) and code generation.

The Web observatory is proposed as a global catalogue for sharing data-sets and analytic applications to support researchers from a variety of disciplines for analysing huge amount of research data for Web Science research. However, often these users fail to understand various transformations and consequences of complex data processing involved in a data analytic application. Therefore, there is a need to enable these users develop and re-use analytic applications on web observatory. In this study, we propose formal design patterns called "Observlets" for analytic applications to "observe" various web phenomena. The observlets provide abstract definitions for intermediate analysis required for a data analytic application. The users can share observlets across distributed web observatory nodes. The observlets are aimed to enhance end-users' awareness and engagement on web observatory and support programmers for innovating various data analytic applications.

Over the last 25 years the Web has evolved into a critical global infrastructure. Since its emergence in the 1990s, it has exploded into hundreds of billions of pages that touch almost all aspects of modern life. Little appreciated, however, is the fact that the Web is more than the sum of its pages and it is more than its technical protocols. Vast emergent properties have arisen that are transforming society. Web Science is the study of the Web as a socio-technical system. As the Web becomes increasingly significant in all our lives, studying it from an interdisciplinary perspective becomes even more important. We are now rapidly moving into a world of data on and about the Web, which gives rise to even more opportunities and challenges. In this talk we will explore the role of observatories and data analytics for the development of new methodologies for longitudinal research in Web Science that could help us understand more about how the Web evolves as a social-technical network. After many years of speculation about the potential of on-line learning, web technology has finally developed to a point where on-line learning is today a reality -- from MOOCS to complete on-line degree courses. All rely on the use of social media to enhance the learning environment for the students. We will discuss the application of the web observatory approach to the study of on-line learning and the insights such an approach can reveal that would not be possible in a traditional learning environment -- potentially giving rise to world-wide studies in this area.

Recent advancements in technologies and protocols mean that it is easier than ever to integrate social features into diverse web applications, and increased awareness of privacy concerns means that it is pertinent to consider empowerment of application users when doing so. Many developers are already familiar with the notion of personal data stores; this tutorial will demonstrate how to access or provide such stores for users, and build simple web applications which read and write to the storage whilst remaining completely decoupled from it. This advantages developers in two ways: by removing the burden of storing and maintaining a canonical copy of user data; and by enabling access to and ease of integration with data created through other applications, creating richer, seamless experiences. From the application users' perspective, they need no longer commit and become bound to particular services, but can mix, match and move between those that best meet their needs. We will introduce Solid, a set of protocols based on existing W3C recommendations, for reading, writing and access control of the contents of a personal data store, which can be layered up in order to integrate various social features into new or existing web applications. Attendees will leave with an understanding of Solid and how different parts of the protocols can work together, and having written some code to implement the parts that interest them most. They will also have hands on experience with existing libraries and tooling to facilitate working with the Solid protocols. Those who stay for the full day will have an opportunity to build a small but complete web application with decentralized social features, and to collaborate with others to see the advantages of sharing data between multiple applications.

In this position paper, we describe our experience in designing and delivering a bachelor and a master program in web development at Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Austria. While aiming to archive similar learning objectives as other programs in web development or web engineering, our historical roots in an arts program and our decision to focus on dynamic programming languages have led us to a unique program.

In this paper, we present, discuss and summarize different research works we carried out toward the exploitation of the Web of data for learning and training purpose (Web of learning data). For several years now, we have conducted efforts to explore this main objective through two complementary directions. The first direction is the scalability and particularly the need to develop methods able to provide learners with adequate learning path in the world of big data. The second direction is related to the transition from Web data to Web of learning data and particularly the extraction of cognitive attributes from Web content. For this purpose, we proposed different text mining techniques as well as the development of competency framework engineering tools. Resulting evidence-based techniques allow us to properly evaluate and improve the relationships between learning materials, performance records and student competencies. Although some questions remain unanswered and challenging technology improvements are still required, promising results and developments are arising., LILE 2016 Workshop, WWW 2016, 25th International World Wide Web Conference, April 11 to 15, Montreal, Canada

This text describes a project which aims to explore the scope of the discipline Web Science; an emerging subject which is fundamentally inter-disciplinary. There are very few definitive subject definitions currently available for Web Science. Additionally, the nature of the subject is constantly evolving as an increasing number of different disciplines begin to practice what might identifiably be called Web Science. This potentially provides educators and students with a problem; how do you teach or learn about Web Science when there is no clear definition? This text provides a brief overview of a PhD project, the final aim of which involves the emergence of a framework for a working definition of Web Science. This will be achieved by an examination and overview of current existing Web Science curricula, as well as available Web Science literature.

The Web has a long history of Web mapping, being originally described at the first WWW Conference in 1994. Web maps have evolved significantly since then, and patterns have developed. The patterns of modern Web mapping underlie mapping programs across economic sectors. Key issues which remain are that Web standards do not directly address the needs of mapping, and Web mapping standards do not rely on Web architecture. As a result of this lack of collaboration, Web mapping and Web standards continue to evolve independently, with little coordination based on a broader interest. This has led to a situation where newcomers to Web mapping are faced with the problem as to what technologies to use for creating and publishing Web maps, of which the unintended consequence is increasing centralization of Web mapping. This paper documents the results of design and development done by Natural Resources Canada within the scope of the Maps For HTML Community Group. A declarative Web map extension to the HTML standard is proposed, together with a new supporting hypermedia type. Taken together, the proposed standards will progressively support simple to advanced Web map applications, including considerations of layers, projections and feature styling. If widely implemented, the proposed Web standards could help realize the value of the substantial investments in spatial data across all sectors of society. The paper concludes with several propositions drawn from the discussion, and proposed actions to be undertaken by the Maps for HTML Community Group, in which the reader is invited to participate.

Due to problems in correctly understanding user requirements the Information System (IS) development community have recognised the need to involve end-users in the development and maintenance of web applications. End-users perceive web applications through user interfaces (UIs) and commonly use sketches of UIs to express their requirements. Thus, it would be desirable to provide an end-user development methodology centred on UI modelling techniques. In this paper a visual modelling approach is presented to empower end-users in developing data intensive web applications starting from user interface descriptions. The modelling language follows a holistic approach by representing both static and behavioural information of a web application in one visual model. The visual model allows the specification of the look-and-feel of the application through mock-ups, and the user interactions through links, annotations, and widget references. End-users are guided during the modelling process by providing a summary view to manage the design of complex applications and a data model view to improve the quality of the generated applications.

This paper summarizes the results of a teaching experience held at the Universita Ca' Foscari in Venice where 50 students of the Computer Science undergraduate degree program were involved in the design of complex web applications for improving the environmental awareness of teachers and students. The implementation of the web applications required to mix different technologies, including HTML5, CSS, Javascript and asynchronous communication with a back-end for retrieving dynamic data to display. The X3DOM framework was chosen for implementing the 3D component of the applications, because of its capability of integration with the other web technologies and of delivering 3D content on a web browser without requiring a dedicated plugin, maximizing the number of the potential users. The design and the implementation of the web applications were an interesting occasion for experimenting production workflows and for measuring the points of strengths and the drawbacks of the framework. After the conclusion of the project the groups of students filled in a questionnaire where they expressed their opinions, derived from the implementation experience. The results confirmed the usefulness of X3DOM but evidenced also a number of drawbacks that should be considered for the evolution of the framework and the related tools.

We propose a demonstration of SAFE with some of its newest security features. SAFE is a framework for modern Web application development with automated state consistency, enforced security at various levels, and design for Web personalization and extensibility. With the emerging complexity in (extensible) data-driven Web application development, in particular in terms of consistent data management with multiple clients (many Facebook users), ownership preservation (various Facebook user items with individual intellectual property), and data privacy (sensitive Facebook user data), we believe a demo of a comprehensive data-centric and secure Web application framework with declarative specifications for many modern Web features will be of considerable interest to the security community. In particular, we think it is interesting to see a demonstration of how fast and how intuitive the secure customization of a true multi-tier Web application can be.

There is need to integrate many heterogeneous web applications for designing large enterprise application. Service-Oriented Architecture is one of the widely accepted methodologies in IT industry. SOA applications are realized using Web services. Web Services have become an emerging technology to design and development of complex web applications. But when Web services are used, performance of application decreases. In this paper, this issue is addressed and discusses the main reason why performance decreases. Solution for this problem is presented. For this purpose 'University' case study is considered and after performing many experiments the correct approach to be adopted for designing efficient XML Web services is suggested.

In the recent past, the so-called "Web 2.0" became a powerful tool to enable various eGovernment processes, especially as a link between political bodies and citizens. Politicians and managers, seeking to improve participation, embraced this technology as if it simply were a new, enhanced version of world wide web, better suited to retrieve information, opinions and feedbacks from the general public on laws, acts and policies. This approach was often naive, neglecting the less-obvious aspects of the technology, and thus bringing on significant security problems. This paper takes the decision making process as an example to show how, in the end, the result could easily be the opposite of what was desired. Malicious attackers, in fact, could quite easily exploit the vulnerabilities in these systems to hijack the process and lead to wrong decisions, also causing the public to lose trust in the systems themselves

Web 2.0 has enabled Web users to create and share a variety of hyper-text based artifacts including embedded images, sound, and video on the Web. Creating Web-based interactive artifacts such as computer games, however, has remained a challenge: to end users due to the lack of end user programming tools; and to programmers due to the poor interactivity performance of the Web. With the emergence of HTML5 and improving performance of JavaScript engines, professional Web programmers have only just begun to develop Web-native interactive artifacts. Today's standard Web technologies make the Web a hospitable platform for efficient interactive applications both for professional programmers and end-users. With proper support, in tools and languages, end-user programming of interactive applications is feasible. In this paper, we review the current state of Web application development and the possibilities and potential benefits of end-user programming on the Web. We will use a case study, AgentWeb, a Web-based end-user development environment, as a representative of interactive Web applications. It is based completely on open Web technologies, rather than on any proprietary technologies. Given that 2D graphic interactive applications may be developed and efficiently executed on the Web, we discuss some of the potential applications in educational settings, including individual and collaborative learning.

The Web is an evolving system, which tries to adapt to the needs of users. The transition to Web2.0, and, currently, to Web3.0, are the expression of this trend: the goal is to focus on the leading role of the end user in Web browsing, which should be supported by adequate tools. In this paper, we propose Bor`e, an architectural paradigm for developing content-based web applications based on cooperative interaction, whose foundations are based on the principles of the model Web3.0. The proposed architecture is extremely innovative in three respects. The first one is the possibility of defining, organizing, storing, querying and displaying the information as customizable objects and relations: a notexpert user can create the Web that he/she may prefer. A second aspect is the realization of social networks (Social Cooperations), which spontaneously arise, through user resource sharing. Finally, there is the possibility of analyzing users' browsing activities, through learning tools that enable the user to enrich his/her Web browsing experience with new knowledge

Current trends in web development still are attached to the web page paradigm. Nevertheless, new uses of already available technology and recent development in terms of concepts, as the asynchronous communication, have produced a new generation of web applications: Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). These web applications essays to fulfill user expectations in terms of usability, reliability, quality, maintainability and performance. In our work, we are going to present a designing methodology that pursued as goal describing and developing User Interfaces of RIAs in a standardized way.

Available methodologies for developing Sematic Web applications do not fully exploit the whole potential deriving from interaction with ontological data sources. Here we introduce an extension of the WebML modeling framework to fulfill most of the design requirements emerging for the new area of Semantic Web. We generalize the development process to support Semantic Web applications and we introduce a set of new primitives for ontology importing and querying.

The goal of Semantic Web research is to transform the Web from a linked document repository into a distributed knowledge base and application platform, thus allowing the vast range of available information and services to be more effectively exploited. As a first step in this transformation, languages such as OWL have been developed; these languages are designed to capture the knowledge that will enable applications to better understand Web accessible resources, and to use them more intelligently. Although fully realising the Semantic Web still seems some way off, OWL has already been very successful, and has rapidly become a de facto standard for ontology development in fields as diverse as geography, geology, astronomy, agriculture, defence and the life sciences. An important factor in this success has been the availability of sophisticated tools with built in reasoning support. The use of OWL in large scale applications has brought with it new challenges, both with respect to expressive power and scalability, but recent research has also shown how the OWL language and OWL tools can be extended and adapted to meet these challenges.

This paper examines the degree of overlap between good design for physical ease of access on the Web in general, and design for physical ease of use on the mobile Web. There are marked differences in the basic interaction techniques used and usability issues experienced. As a group, people with physical impairments tend to have a broader range of needs. These differences impact Web page design in various ways. Problems can be addressed in a unified way by designing for device independence. At least for physical ease of access, a unified set of mobile/accessibility best practice guidelines would be mutually beneficial. This approach may be helpful in preventing fragmentation of the Web.

Development of Web software is still an inefficient and error-prone process. We need integrated techniques and tool support for automated generation of Web systems. The goal of model-driven development (MDD) is to tackle these problems introducing a higher level of abstraction by defining metamodels and model transformations rules. We present the development process of the UML-based Web Engineering (UWE) approach defined as an MDD approach and focus on the model transformation aspects of the process.

This paper describes a new approach for the development of data-intensive web applications that depend on non-trivial data manipulation. E-Commerce web sites, on-line auction systems and large enterprise web portals fall into this category, as they require comprehensive data access, data processing and data manipulation capabilities. However, existing methodologies mainly concentrate on modeling content, navigation and presentation aspects of read-only web sites. Approaches that consider modeling data operations incorporate them into existing models resulting in a less clear design. We argue that existing models are not sufficient to express complex operations that access or modify web application content. Therefore, we propose an additional Operation Model defining operations for data-intensive web applications. We also propose the utilization of a web application generator to create an Operation Layer based on this Operation Model.

A secure system is one that is protected against specific undesired outcomes.Delivering a secure system, and particularly a secure web application, is not easy.Integrating general-purpose information systems development methods withsecurity development activities could be a useful means to surmount thesedifficulties Agile processes, such as Extreme Programming, are of increasing interest insoftware development. Most significantly for web applications, agile processesencourage and embrace requirements change, which is a desirable characteristicfor web application development.In this paper, we present an agile process to deliver secure web applications.The contribution of the research is not the development of a new method or processthat addresses security concerns. Rather, we investigate general-purpose informationsystemdevelopment methods (e.g., Feature-Driven Development (FDD)) and mature security methods, namely risk analysis, and integrate them to address the development of secure web applications. The key features of our approach are(1) a process capable of dealing with the key challenges of web applicationsdevelopment, namely decreasing life-cycle times and frequently changing requirements; and (2) an iterative approach to risk analysis that integrates security design throughout the development process.

Electronic devices have been used for the support of everyday tasks in domestic and professional environments for some time now. Currently, there is a tendency towards a combined application of individual gadgets that are connected within locally confined environments via a diversity of protocols and technologies like UPnP, WLAN and Bluetooth. As one step further in this direction, there is the vision of devices that are globally and uniformly connected through the WWW, extending the Mobile Web to a Ubiquitous Web. Hence, this allows for scenarios where actions on one device can trigger events on an arbitrary other device, and where third-party Web services from anywhere in the world are involved. Ultimately, this results in federations of devices and Web services belonging to different households, companies, suppliers and service providers, forming new kinds of Web applications that integrate devices as an additional dimension. To fulfill this vision, solutions are required that are able to abstract from the different device implementations and bridge the gap between the device and the Web. In this paper, we present the Federated Device Assembly (FDX) approach that offers an integrated management platform for wrapping and as such connecting arbitrary devices to enable new forms of Web applications along with the means to model such federations. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the required infrastructure systems can be realized by introducing a reference architecture and a generic Web service interface.

Web-based applications are rapidly making the transition to service oriented architectures, but this breaking up of single monolithic applications into multiple cooperating components creates complexity and management problems for system designers. This paper discusses a solution to one of the emerging complexity-related problems: how to package and distribute applications based on Web components for rapid and flexible deployment. To this end, a packaging framework was designed and reference implementations of package building and package installation tools were developed. The usability of such tools was then tested by a sample of users in the context of online information management systems, because of the availability of Web components and the inherent network-aware nature of such systems. The results are promising and demonstrate that the approach taken is reasonable and understandable and that such supporting technology for systems based on Web components is likely to positively impact the growth of advanced Web applications. In addition, the process of developing a proof-of-concept packaging system and the feedback from users has provided a useful set of requirements and guidelines for building such systems in future.

Web Services are well on their way to becoming the Lingua Franca for distributed computing. Although tools for building and monitoring web services applications are more powerful and easier to use than ever, they do not yet fully address the horizontal complexity of mature applications built as large nets of interconnected web services. We present a pattern-based visualization that enables business owners, application designers, programmers, and operations staff to quickly understand the behavior of complex web services applications. We describe a novel pattern extraction algorithm that captures important trends from web services execution traces. We demonstrate a new way to visualize these patterns that shows the behavior of web services applications at different levels of abstraction. Finally, we explain how this can help developers with performance analysis by showing both the averages and variations in the data contained in each pattern.

Advances in technology and the use of the Internet have favoured the appearance of a great variety of Web applications, among them Web Portals. These applications are important information sources and/or means of accessing information. Many people need to obtain information by means of these applications and they need to ensure that this information is suitable for the use they want to give it. In recent years, several research projects were conducted on topic of Web Data Quality. However, there is still a lack of specific proposals for the data quality of portals. In this paper we introduce a model for the data quality in Web portals.

There are a number of critical factors driving security in Web Engineering. These include: economic issues, people issues, and legislative issues. This paper presents the argument that a Security Improvement Approach (SIA), which can be applied to different Web engineering development processes, is essential to successfully addressing Web application security. In this paper, the criteria that any SIA will have to address, for a Web engineering process, are presented. The criteria are derived with supporting empirical evidence based on an in-depth security survey conducted within a Fortune 500 financial service sector organization and supporting literature. The contribution of this paper is two fold. The criteria presented in this paper can be used to assess the security of an existing Web engineering process and also to guide Security Improvement Initiatives in Web Engineering.

In this paper we describe the aim, rationale and main objectives of the third edition of the Workshop on Model-Driven Web Engineering (MDWE2006), that was held in conjunction with ICWE 2006, in Palo Alto, California, on July 11, 2006. We also describe the topics of interest to the workshop, and the list of presented papers.

Metamodels are a prerequisite for model-driven engineering (MDE) in general and consequently for model-driven web engineering in particular. Various modeling languages, just as in the web engineering field, however, are not based on metamodels and standards but instead define proprietary languages rather focused on notational aspects. Thus, MDE techniques and tools can not be deployed for such languages. The WebML web modeling language is one example that does not yet rely on an explicit metamodel. Instead, it is implicitly defined within the accompanying tool in terms of a document type definition (DTD), i.e., a grammar-like textual definition for specifying the structure of XML documents. Code generation then has to rely on XSLT-based model-to-code transformations.In this paper, we propose a metamodel for WebML which is based on the Meta Object Facility (MOF). To establish such a metamodel a semi-automatic approach is provided that allows to generate MOF-based metamodels from DTDs. The metamodel for WebML accomplishes the following aims: First, it represents an initial step towards a transition to employing MDE techniques (e.g., model transformations or language extensions through profiles) within the WebML design methodology. Second, it represents an important step towards a common metamodel for Web modeling. Third, the provision of a MOF-based metamodel ensures interoperability with other MDE tools.

While many of the issues that are being raised in relation to mobile web accessibility are similar or the same to those that have been promoted over the past few years in relation to mainstream web accessibility, that doesn't necessarily mean that we're simply going over old material. Rather, it provides a jumping off point for mobile web accessibility. In turn, the differences in emphasis which result from the specific constraints of mobile devices could be crucial in highlighting some aspects of accessibility which, until now, have been neglected.

This work addresses conceptual modeling and automatic code generation for Rich Internet Applications, a variant of Web-based systems bridging the gap between desktop and Web interfaces. The approach we propose is a first step towards a full integration of RIA paradigms into the Web development process, enabling the specification of complex Web solutions mixing HTTP+HTML and Rich Internet Applications, using a single modeling language and tool.

This workshop is the result of joining the two workshops "Web Services Modeling and Implementation Using Sound Web Engineering Practices" (SMIWEP) and "Methods, Architectures & Technologies for e-Service Engineering" (MATeS), which were originally proposed in conjunction with the ICWE 2006 conference. As a result of the selection process of both workshops, the six papers included in the proceedings were accepted and presented on July 10th, 2006. The workshop had plenty of time for discussion and as a main result of these discussions there was a proposal for topics to be covered in the e-services research agenda for the next year.

One of the great challenges to be faced in order to enable the success of future Web-based applications is to find effective ways to handle with the interoperability demands. In this context, Service-Oriented Architectures and Web Services technology are being considered as the most affordable solution topromote interoperability, by applying strategies like Service Composition. Nevertheless, most composition approaches applied nowadays in real world contexts lack dynamism. In fact, there is not yet a consensus regarding what would really be a dynamic composition. In this paper we propose some criteriato identify the levels of dynamism and automatization in service compositions. Furthermore, taking into account a model driven approach, we propose a strategy where different techniques can be used to make compositions more dynamic and automatic. This strategy is then exemplified and discussed considering an e-Government composition scenario.

This paper addresses conceptual modeling and automaticcode generation for Rich Internet Applications, a variant ofWeb-based systems bridging desktop and thin-client Webinterfaces. We show how classical Web modeling conceptsare not enough to capture the specificity of RIAs, extend anexisting Web modeling language, and provide an implementationof a CASE tool for visual modeling and code generationfrom RIA-aware specifications. Experimentation of theproposed approach in real-world scenarios is also reported.

In the last few years, Web applications have evolved from static hypertext documents to complex information systems. This evolution leads to the necessity of methodologies specifically designed for development of Web-based systems, focusing on agility in the process. This paper presents an agile approach for the development of Web applications that applies the concept of agile modeling, adopts a standard software architecture and is heavily based on frameworks, speeding up system analysis, design and implementation.

This panel's objective will be to discuss whether the Semantic Web can be made to grow in a "viral" manner, like the World Wide Web did in the early 1990s. The scope of the discussion will include efforts by the World Wide Web Consortium's Semantic Web Best Practices & Deployment Working Group to identify and publish best practices of Semantic Web practitioners, and the barriers to adoption of those practices by a wider community. The concept of "best practices" as it applies to a distributed, diverse and partially-defined Semantic Web will be discussed and its relevance debated. Specifically, panelists will discuss the capability of standards bodies, commercial companies and early adopters to create a viral technology.

Web applications enable users with different profiles and necessities to access information from diversified locations and with different access tools. Besides the aspects that have already been discussed in works from the Software Quality domain, the accessibility to information and the Internet flexibility have been considered more and more important. Thus, considering accessibility as an important quality attribute for Web applications, in this paper we investigate the subject considering the context of Geographic Information Systems on the Web. Preliminary results of accessibility evaluation on some WebGIS applications show that this domain presents several challenges to be coped with in the design of their user interfaces.

The success of the Semantic Web crucially depends on the existence of Web pages that provide machine-understandable meta-data. This meta-data is typically added in the semantic annotation process which is currently not part of the Web engineering process. Web engineering, however, proposes methodologies to design, implement and maintain Web applications but lack the generation of meta-data. In this paper we introduce a technique to extend existing Web engineering methodologies to develop semantically annotated Web pages. The novelty of this approach is the definition of a mapping from XML Schema to ontologies, called WEESA, that can be used to automatically generate RDF meta-data from XML content documents. We further show how we integrated the WEESA mapping into an Apache Cocoon transformer to easily extend XML based Web applications to semantically annotated Web application.

Significant efforts are currently invested in application integration to enable the interaction and composition of business processes of different companies, yielding complex; multi-party processes. Web service standards, based on WSDL, have been adopted as a process-to-process communication paradigm. This paper presents an industrial experience in integrating data-intensive and process-intensive Web applications through Web services. Design of sites and of Web services interaction exploits modern Web engineering methods, including conceptual modeling, model verification, visual data marshalling and automatic code generation. In particular, the applied method is based on a declarative model for specifying data-intensive Web applications that enact complex interactions, driven by the user, with remote processes implemented as services. We describe the internal architecture of the CASE tool that has been used, and give an overview of three industrial applications developed with the described approach.

This panel aims to explore the nature of the emerging Web engineering discipline. It will attempt to strongly engage with the issue of whether Web Engineering is currently, and (more saliently) should be in the future, viewed primarily as a technical design discipline with its attention firmly on the way in which Web technologies can be leveraged in the design process, or whether it should be viewed primarily as a socio-positioned discipline which focuses on the nature of the way in which projects are managed, needs are understood and users interact.

Over the past decade, the World-Wide-Web has become the preferred vehicle for information dissemination on a global scale. However, no guarantees as to the consistency, or correctness, of the content being provided are made. In this paper, a novel vision of a Consistent Web is proposed. Unlike in the current system, time will have a direct influence on whether requests for specific content should be satisfied. Firstly, the motivation for the work and the limitations of current consistency management techniques are discussed. The concept of a Consistent Web is then presented, and by way of several examples, an illustration of the type of functionality it offers is provided. Finally, an outline of the research strategy to be employed is given.

Awareness of Web accessibility is spreading all over the world among Web designers and developers, due to regulations such as the US law called Section 508 and guidelines like the W3C WCAG. We now see various Web accessibility adaptations on the Web. For example, we see increasing use of alternative texts for images and skip-navigation links for speed.However, we sometimes find inappropriate ALT texts and broken skip-navigation links, even though they are present. These pages may be compliant, but they are not accessible or really usable. We analyzed such problems and found that some sites only try to comply with regulations and guidelines, but without understanding the needs underlying Web accessibility. We concluded that Web designers and developers should experience the real problems faced by people with disabilities so they can create truly accessible and usable pages. There was no practical way for them to experience disabilities.In this paper, after giving an overview of the historical progress of voice browsers, we discuss how much and how well the Web accessibility has progressed by analyzing real world improvements to existing sites. We then describe why the "disability experience" helps give a better understanding of the Web accessibility guidelines and regulations. Some tools like Home Page Reader and aDesigner are available to let designers experience blind users' perspective of usability. Finally, we discuss the future direction of our accessibility efforts.

The demand for quickly delivering new applications is increasingly becoming a business imperative today. Application development is often done in an ad hoc manner, without standard frameworks or libraries, thus resulting in poor reuse of software assets. Web services have received much interest in industry due to their potential in facilitating seamless business-to-business or enterprise application integration. A web services composition tool can help automate the process, from creating business process functionality, to developing executable workflows, to deploying them on an execution environment. However, we find that the main approaches taken thus far to standardize and compose web services are piecemeal and insufficient. The business world has adopted a (distributed) programming approach in which web service instances are described using WSDL, composed into flows with a language like BPEL and invoked with the SOAP protocol. Academia has propounded the AI approach of formally representing web service capabilities in ontologies, and reasoning about their composition using goal-oriented inferencing techniques from planning. We present the first integrated work in composing web services end to end from specification to deployment by synergistically combining the strengths of the above approaches. We describe a prototype service creation environment along with a use-case scenario, and demonstrate how it can significantly speed up the time-to-market for new services.

In this talk, I'll describe some recent indicators suggesting that businesses are on the cusp of operational exploitation of the web as a decision support resource. From consumer research and purchasing behavior to enterprise brand tracking, intelligence gathering, and advertising, the web is suddenly on everybody's mind - not as an exciting future possibility, but as an exploitable resource. I'll describe some technological approaches to employing this resource, talk about what's possible today, and describe some challenges for the future. As a running example, I'll cover IBM's WebFountain system: its architecture, analytical model, and applications.

Cloning (ad hoc reuse by duplication of design or code) speeds up development, but also hinders future maintenance. Cloning also hints at reuse opportunities that, if exploited systematically, might have positive impact on development and maintenance productivity. Unstable requirements and tight schedules pose unique challenges for Web Application engineering that encourage cloning. We conducted a systematic study of cloning in 17 Web Applications of different sizes, developed using a range of Web technologies, and serving diverse purposes. We found cloning rates 17-63% in both newly developed and already maintained Web Applications. Contribution of this paper is two-fold: (1) our results confirm potential benefits of reuse-based methods in addressing the key challenges of Web engineering, and (2) a framework of metrics and presentation views that we defined and applied in our study may be useful in other similar studies.

Today's trend towards ever more compact devices such as PDAs and mobile phones demands a more pervasive access manner. This paper describes an innovative mediator service architecture based on up-to-date web engineering standards to enable voice-based access to Web applications by means of voice portals and VoiceXML technologies. The core of the architecture is a Natural Language Generator that implements a pipeline of transformation rules. We show how Natural Language Generation technology can improve profitability of web applications by supporting scalable, automated generation of highly customized spoken dialogue-driven interfaces.

In this paper, we propose an approach for the engineering of web based educational applications. The applications that we focus require advanced functionality for regulating and tutoring learners' activities (dynamics of learning). Our approach aims at proposing models, not only to describe details of such learning situations, but also to characterize the constraints that the Learning Management System exploiting such situations must satisfy in this sense, this approach also contributes to the specification of the Adaptive Web Based Educational System (AWBES) fitted to a particular learning situation. Moreover, this approach for the engineering of learning situations conforms to current software engineering research works.

The objectives of the workshop cover perspectives on Web Engineering, navigation and adaptivity, design aspects, acceptance criteria for Web-based systems, development and management of Web-based systems, Web metrics and case studies. Researchers and practitioners interested in WebApps development were invited to submit papers describing their work and methodological approaches to WebApps development. Each submission was reviewed by at least two members of the Programme Committee. The selected papers will be presented by the speakers and will form the basis of discussions all round. The workshop will close with a panel discussion.

Web technologies change very rapidly. Even if the latest developments are not yet visible in our day-to-day use, founding technologies of tomorrow's Web can already be identified. The XML revolution opens the door to new perspectives, specifically for presenting information and for interacting with Web applications and services. This article analyzes the most recent work related to Web multimedia, support for different devices, new interaction modes, and some other trends that will significantly change the way we use the Web.