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Background: Fecundity is an important parameter in fisheries that predicts the reproductive capability of fish stock. Information on the fecundity of Common carp is helpful in estimating the amount of offspring produced in spawning season, which is essential for the stock assessment of the species. Assessment of the fecundity of a fish is essential for evaluating the commercial potentialities of its stock, life history, practical culture and actual management of the fishery. Common carp is a commercially important fish which has the potential to meet the demand of food in the country. Scanty of data is available on fecundity parameter of common carp in Kashmir waters. Therefore, this research work aims to estimate the fecundity of Common carp collected from the Dal lake of Kashmir. Methods: The present study aims to estimate the fecundity of Common carp, [Cyprinus carpio var. communis] existing in Dal Lake, Kashmir. The 30 fish samples were collected once every month from the month of January 2018 to December 2018. Fishes were brought to Fisheries Resource Management (FRM), Faculty of Fisheries, SKUAST-K Laboratory for the estimation of total length, weight of fishes and weight of ovaries. Gravimetric and actual counting method was used for the estimation of fecundity. Result: It was observed that the number of eggs varied from 16650 (for a fish with total length 180mm and total weight 120 g) to 129000 (for a fish with total length 430 mm and total weight 1300 g. The mean absolute fecundity was recorded as 68864.07±6563.59 for a fish with a mean total length of 301.43±13.93 mm and mean total weight of 435.1±66.51 g. The relative fecundity ranged from 99.2-240.8 and the mean relative fecundity was 185.96. Significant positive correlation was found between fish weight and absolute fecundity. (r= 0.907, p<0.01), fish length and absolute fecundity (r= 0.976, p<0.01), Ovary weight and absolute fecundity (r= 0.998, p<0.01). Relative fecundity showed a significant negative correlation with weight, length and absolute fecundity (r= -0.747, p<0.01; r= -0.419, p<0.05 and r= -0.460, p<0.05 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soybean leaf blight has been viewed as a possible biotic stress responsible for decreasing yield potential of soybean in Kashmir over the years. Therefore, its etiology and recording associated yield loss were deemed necessary corresponding to baseline findings for deciding any chemical or non-chemical intervention in disease management. Methods: Field and laboratory investigations were undertaken during crop periods of 2019 and 2020. Disease specimens were collected from various locations across valley and the pathogen was isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar medium. To identify the host range of soybean isolate, nine pulse crops were tested under controlled conditions (Tem. 22±3℃ and RH>80%). The relative yield loss and critical stage of chemical intervention were assessed by exposing soybean populations to disease at different phenological stages which created five different levels of disease in a field experiment laid in RBD with four replications. Result: Phoma sojicola (syn. Ascochyta sojicola) was associated pathogen of this disease of soybean in Kashmir. Typical disease symptoms on leaves comprised of roughly circular and brown lesions (up to 20 mm diameter) with concentric rings having interspersed pycnidia. Most often the diseased tissue fall apart and gives it a shot hole expression. Radial daily mycelial growth of the pathogen was 3.62 mm colony was grey olivaceous in the centre and light olivaceous towards periphery. Conidia were hyaline, oblong to ellipsoidal and 1-2 celled with average dimensions of 7.98 × 2.87 μ. Chlamydospores were brown olivaceous, globose to sub-globose with average dimensions of 16.89 × 9.30 μ. After artificial inoculation, Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna sinensis, V. radiata, V. mungo, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba and Cajanus cajan manifested disease symptoms after variable incubation periods of 8-13 days, while as Lens esculenta and Pisum sativum resisted the invasion. Early appearance of the Phoma blight (V-1 stage) in soybean can reach a terminal intensity of 67.16 per cent besides causing 51.72 per cent yield loss. Tolerable yield loss (5.63%) was achieved only when the crop was maintained disease free up to R-3 (beginning pod development) stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study is region specific carried out to see the relation of bean anthracnose with weather in Kashmir and also to assess the yield loss in bean vis-à-vis anthracnose. Such studies form basis for deciding disease suppressive crop geometry and also sowing date alterations besides helping in disease predictions. The yield loss study in particular reveals the importance of a disease before any management strategies are worked out. Methods: Epidemiology was conducted under natural epiphytotic conditions using a susceptible bean cv. Shalimar Rajmash-1 for recording disease development at weekly intervals. Yield loss assessment was also recorded on Shalimar Rajmash-1 where different disease levels were created by inoculating at different phonological stages after maturity the crop stand disease free. Conclusion: During cropping season, the incidence and intensity of bean anthracnose developed to the extent of 77.06 and 54.51 per cent, when average temperature, average RH and weekly rain fall ranged from 16.6-23.8°C, 62.2-76.5 per cent and 1.7-48.2 mm, respectively. However, the highest periodic increase in disease incidence (12.62%) was recorded during 24th standard metrological week which coincided with highest rain fall and the increase in periodic disease intensity was higher (> 10%) when RH was above 70 per cent. The yield loss in bean vis-a-vis variable levels of disease as created by inoculating different unit population of bean plants at different phenological stages revealed significant and positive correlation of bean anthracnose and yield loss. Highest yield loss (68.42%) was recorded in populations where the disease started at 1st trifoliate stage which then reached maximum intensity of 81.09 per cent at physiological maturity. The terminal disease intensity in population where disease started at pod filling was significantly low (18.59%) and caused least yield loss of 10.95 per cent. The study reveals that bean anthracnose caused significant yield loss when it appeared at any stage upto flowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study is to describe the phases of gonadal development and determine the spawning season of Schizothorax curvifrons in River Jhelum Kashmir. A total of 298 fish specimen were studied to analyse the gonadosomatic index and maturity stages of S. curvifrons. Five maturity stages namely Immature phase, Preparatory phase, Maturing phase, Ripe/spawning phase and Spent phase were observed in the gonads. Based on GSI values and gonadal conditions, April to June appears to be the spawning season for S. curvifrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizothorax curvifrons, an indigenous cyprinid fish of Kashmir, forms an important coldwater fishery resource of the valley. This study was aimed to describe the morphometrics and length-weight relationship of S. curvifrons in River Jhelum Kashmir. The various morphometric characters showed high co-efficient of correlation (r) values, indicating that the characters were highly correlated to each other. The length-weight relationship was established logarithmically as Log W = -3.9323 + 2.5863 Log L (r²=0.746) for males, Log W = -4.1708 + 2.6852 (r²=0.745) Log L for females and Log W = -3.9975 + 2.6138 Log L (r²=0.746) for pooled data. The b value (2.6138) was found to be significantly different from 3 indicating negative allometric growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greengram sown from May-26 to July-5 at 10 days interval in Kashmir manifested variable disease scores. While May-26 sown crop suffered significantly lower leaf spot intensity (25 %) and pod infection (34 %), the following sowings such as June-5, June-15, June, 25 and July-5 suffered 32-47, and 39-64 per cent leaf spot intensity and pod infection, respectively. May-26 sowing supported maximum seed yield (8.2 q/ha) and a proportionate decrease in seed yield of late sowings was recorded with lowest (7 q/ha) obtained in July-5 sown crop. Fungicides were evaluated as seed treatment as well as one or two foliar applications. Seed treatment with carbendazim and captan showed poor results in both disease control and seed yield. However, application of carbendazim (0.05 %) at first appearance of disease followed by another spray with hexaconazole (0.02 %) ensured significant reduction in pod infection (77 %) and leaf spot intensity (68 %) besides supporting proportionately attractive seed yield (8.62-8.95 q/ha) at an acceptable B:C ratio (6.38:1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cercospora canescens was inoculated onto different aged (20-70 days old) plants of greengram (Cv. Shalimar Mung-1). The genotype was found invariably susceptible at all its growth stages with incubation period of 6-7 days and leaf spot diameter of 7.1-7.4mm as recorded after 15 days of inoculation. Total sugar content showed an increasing trend and ranged from 124 to 129 and 133 to 135mg/g dry weight during pre- and post-flowering periods, respectively. The total phenol content also increased with plant age and was maximum (26.5 mg/g dry weigh) in 60 days old plants following which an insignificant decrease (26.5 mg/g dry weight) was recorded. Twenty five genotypes of greengram were screened for resistance against the pathogen under field conditions. The genotypes showed an indifferent response to invasion by C. canescens and none showed absolute resistance. However, five genotypes viz., ML-935, PDM-54, Pusa Vishal, SM-710 and SM-366 were moderately susceptible and manifested lower leaf spot intensity (27.5-30.4 %) and pod infection(34-35.4 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of repeat breeding (RB) was calculated retrospectively for a period of 6 years from 2005 to 2010. The overall prevalence of RB was recorded as 28.31 %. Prevalence of repeat breeding was although found to vary from 1st to 5th parity, but the difference was non-significant. However, significantly lowest prevalence was recorded at ≥ 6th (6.25 %) when compared to other parities. Prevalence of RB with respect to breed, season and different years were found non-significant. Ovulatory disturbances (27.30%), ovarian cysts (7.89%) and metritis (18.09%) contributed as some of the major causes of repeat breeding in cattle of rural Kashmir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 36 cows suffering from metritis were divided into 3 groups i.e. group-IA (metritis without palpable CL), Group-IB (metritis without palpable CL) and group-II (metritis with palpable CL) keeping equal number of animals in each group. Animals of group-IA were treated with oxytetracycline 3.0 gm intrauterine daily for 2-4 days; whereas, group-IB animals were treated with cephalexin 4 gm intrauterine daily for 2-4 days. Single intramuscular injection of Dinoprost (PGF2á) 25mg was given to animals of group-II. Recovery rate, on the basis of results of cultural examination, of 3 groups were found as 80.00, 71.43 and 91.67% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]