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The Endo-Bronchial UltraSound-guided TransBronchialNeedle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is appropriated for diagnosis, staging and molecular typing of primary pulmonary or metastatic cancer, and for cystic, infective or granulomatous disease of the mediastinum. The EBUS-TBNA enables, usually, the determination of oncological markers when necessary. The procedure is done in local anesthesia and in moderate sedation with the monitoring of life parameters. We analyzed retrospectively 246 patients, subjected to EBUS-TBNA between October 2014 and December 2017, in our structure. The scope of our study is to evaluate the adequacy and diagnostic yield of the method, both in its entirety and as a function of indication and of the biopsied nodale station. The reliability of negative results has been evaluated with at least 6 months of clinical-radiological follow-up. Sedation, safety and learning curve have also been evaluated. The sample turned out adequate in 91% of cases and it was diagnostic in 59% overall. In 6 negative cases EBUSTBNA has been repeated and it has resulted positive for neoplasia. Two cases were false negative at follow-up. At last 26 negative cases resulted un-note at the end of the 6 months. Totally 318 target sites were biopsied: 92% lymph nodes and 8% mediastinum-pulmonary lesion. The EBUS-TBNA was diagnostic in 59% of the patients with suspected neoplasia. It allowed a reliable staging, controlled by follow-up in 83% of the cases with this indication, and it confirmed the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in 94% of the cases with this indication. The adequacy was not significantly associated with the lymph node's stations or with the method of sedation, besides, in our study, there was not a learning curve. The limits of our study was the retrospective nature, the monocentricity, and the loss of patients during follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]