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This study investigates the historical dialectic between centralization and decentralization at the level of local administration from the relation of the first one with the second one, the first one being represented by the elected representative and the second one being represented by the local voter. This relationship carries much controversy for its ambiguity in terms of mutual control and impact, which casts a shadow on the management of local communities. The expression is either negative in terms of attracting management and implementation or positive in terms of integration and coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agenda 21 comprises the measures taken to implement sustainable development including those measures taken at the level of local communities, which allows the development of a strategy for long-term sustainable local development, through communication with residents and local associations. As with any collective approach, the implementation of a local agenda requires that we develop a proper strategy and respect the different stages that make it possible to structure the process. In this respect, this study presents pioneering models in this field, in France and Tunisia, which can be a source of inspiration for local action and a guide for all local bodies that want to engage in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]