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Inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign neoplasm originating in the epithelium of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses, characterized by local aggressiveness manifested by bone infiltration, high recurrence rate and the risk of transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. Almost 25% of it is discovered accidentally during surgery due to chronic sinusitis. The risk factors for recurrence are still not fully understood and despite the development of diagnostic tools and surgical techniques, inverted papilloma poses a considerable clinical challenge and patients require lifelong observation. In order to systematize the current knowledge on IP, the authors reviewed the international literature on the basis of PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a growing health problem in the world. Patients' complaints are not always reflected in objective tests, which may hinder the decision about surgical treatment. The aim of the study was to compare the results of objective tests assessing the severity of lesions i.e. endoscopy and CT, with the results of subjective tests. Methods. The study comprised 130 patients with CRS aged 46.9 ± 14.5 (range 19-82 years), admitted to the Department of Laryngology and Laryngological Oncology between July 1 and October 31, 2019 and qualified for ESS in accordance with EPOS 2012 guidelines (update to EPOS 2020). Subjective Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) and objective, endoscopic (Lund-Kenne-dy) and tomographic (Lund-Mackay), tests were performed in all the patients. The data on smoking, atopy, co-morbidities and previous operations were obtained. Results. A significant correlation was found between the results of subjective tests and the extent of inflammatory lesions in the sinus CT and nasal endoscopy. Education, smoking, atopy, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus did not influence the subjective assessment results. Patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher Lund-Mackay score. SNOT-22, SNOT-12 and VAS scores were significantly higher in female patients. Significant differences were found among subgroups of patients with different BSIT scores and both the Lund-Mackay score and the Lund-Kennedy score. Conclusion. Subjective assessment of CRS-related complaints is a good indicator for making further therapeutic decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]