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Background: Concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) followed by surgery is a standard of care for locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma. It remains unclear if surgery following CRT offers any meaningful survival benefit compared to CRT alone in patients with clinical N3 disease who are at the highest risk of developing distant disease relapse., Methods: We conducted analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to compare overall survival (OS) of patients with locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (cTanyN1-3M0 based on AJCC 7th staging system) who underwent CRT with or without surgery and analyzed outcomes based on the cN stage., Results: 7,520 patients were included in the analysis-74.7% had cN1 disease, 21.1% had cN2 disease, and 4.3% had cN3 disease. The median OS advantage offered by CRT followed by surgery was 22, 15.8, and 9.6 months compared to CRT alone in cN1, cN2, and cN3 patients, respectively. The 5-year OS estimates in the surgical group were 36.9%, 31.6% and 15.9% in cN1, cN2 and cN3 groups, respectively., Conclusions: Surgery following CRT in patients with locally advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma leads to improvement in OS, with the largest benefit noted in patients with cN1 and cN2 disease. Surgery following CRT also confers meaningful long-term survival advantage for a subset of cN3 patients., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jgo-21-314). HM reports that she has received payment for participation in advisory board for Zentalis and AstraZeneca, as well as travel reimbursement from AstraZeneca for presentation of investigator-initiated trial in national research meeting. SIJ reports that she has received payment for participation in advisory board for Adaptimmune. She is the principal investigator of investigator-initiated trials with AstraZeneca, Astex, and Tesaro where the funding was provided to the institution. TB has no conflicts of interest to declare., (2021 Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology. All rights reserved.)