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Background: Off-road vehicles (ORVs), which include all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and side-by-sides (SxSs), are designed for off-road use only. Iowa law restricts roadway riding to occupational purposes and limits it to daylight hours. A growing number of Iowa counties are opening roadways to recreational ORV use and many counties are choosing not to include a daylight restriction. To better understand this issue, the study objective was to compare and contrast daytime and nighttime ORV crashes …

Background: Few studies have examined rural children’s exposure to firearms despite their frequent presence in homes. The objective of this study was to investigate rural youth’s use of firearms and whether they had received firearm training. Methods: FFA Leadership Conference attendees in a Midwestern state were surveyed at a children’s hospital safety booth in 2019. Participants were asked about their use of rifles/shotguns and handguns including when they first used a firearm. They were also asked whether they had taken a firearm safety course and how old they were when …

Purpose: Carrying passengers is an independent risk factor for crash and injury on all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Optimal seat design would allow for safe vehicle operation while decreasing the likelihood of multiple riders and use by underage operators. A previous study of adult-size ATVs found a wide variability in seat length and placement among manufacturers and between sport (mean 31.3 in.) and utility ATVs (mean 26.1 in.). Seat lengths overall ranged from 19.8-37.0 inches. Many models had seats long enough to accommodate multiple riders. …