Search

Introduction: COVID-19 vaccination substantially reduces morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe illness. However, despite effective COVID-19 vaccines many questions remain about the efficacy of vaccines and the durability and robustness of immune responses, especially in immunocompromised persons. The NCI-funded Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) is a coordinated effort including 11 sites to advance research on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination among diverse and vulnerable populations. The goals of the Pooling Project are: (1) to conduct real-world data (RWD) analyses using electronic medical records (EMR) data from four health care systems (Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Northwell Health, Veterans Affairs-Case Western, and Cedars-Sinai) to determine vaccine effectiveness in (a) cancer patients; (b) autoimmune diseases and (c) solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR); (2) to conduct meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies from eight SeroNet institutions (Cedars-Sinai, Johns Hopkins, Northwell Health, Emory University, University of Minnesota, Mount Sinai, Yale University) to determine post-vaccine immune responses in (a) lung cancer patients; (b) hematologic cancers/hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients; (c) SOTR; (d) lupus. Methods: For our RWD analyses, data is extracted from EMR using standardized algorithms using ICD-10 codes to identify immunocompromised persons (hematologic and solid organ malignancy; SOTR; autoimmune disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and SLE). We use common case definitions to extract data on demographic, laboratory values, clinical co-morbidity, COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, and disease-specific variables. In addition, we pool individual-level data from prospective cohorts enrolling patients with cancer and other immunosuppressed conditions from across network. Surveys and biospecimens from serology and immune profiling are collected at pre-specified timepoints across longitudinal cohorts. Results: Currently, we have EMR data extracted from 4 health systems including >715,000 cancer patients, >9,500 SOTR and >180,000 with autoimmune conditions. Prospective cohorts across the network have longitudinal data on >450 patients with lung cancer, >1,200 patients with hematologic malignancies, >400 SOTR and >400 patients with lupus. We will report results examining vaccine effectiveness for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PAS-C or long COVID) in cancer patients compared to other immunocompromised conditions. Conclusion: Our goal is to inform public health guidelines on COVID-19 vaccine and boosters to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness in immunocompromised populations. Citation Format: Elham Kazemain, Jane Figueiredo, Jacek Skarbinski, Russell McBride, Viviana Simon, Amy B. Karger, F. Eun-Hyung Lee, Fred R. Hirsch, Andrea Cox, Sabra Klein, Rong Fan, Stephanie Halene, David A. Zidar, James M. Crawford, Bharat Thyagarajan, Charles Gleason, Alex Mathson, Komal Srivastava, Puleng Moshele, Toby Amoss, Martin Runnstrom, Susanne Linderman, Ananda M. Rodilla, Philip C. Mack, Yu Shyr, Anna Yin, Patrick Shea, Jennifer VanOudenhove, Hinnah Siddiqui, Brigid M. Wilson, Eric P. Elkin, Crystal A. Hsiao, Yonah Ziemba, Cheryl B. Schleicher, Sharon Fox, Lawrence H. Kushi, Karen Reckamp, Akil Merchant, Noah Merin. SeroNet Pooling Project of immunocompromised populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 798.