1. The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years
- Author
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Antonio Rosas, David Reich, Ron Pinhasi, Brendan J. Culleton, Josep Maria Vergès, Agustín Diez Castillo, Marina Silva, Elisa Guerra-Doce, Gabriel García Atiénzar, Daniel Fernandes, Kurt W. Alt, Katharina Dulias, Daniel López-Reyes, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Julio Manuel Vidal Encinas, Adolfo Moreno-Márquez, José Ramos-Muñoz, Montserrat Sanz Borràs, Stewart Finlayson, F. Javier López-Cachero, María Jesús de Pedro Michó, Juan Manuel Jiménez Arenas, Enrique Viguera Mínguez, Joan Francès Farré, Eduardo Vijande Vila, Patricia Ríos, Yolanda Carrión Marco, Oreto García-Puchol, Juan Ignacio Morales, Ana Mercedes Herrero-Corral, Josep Burch, Javier Velasco-Vázquez, Olivia Cheronet, Jonas Oppenheimer, Francisco J. Bermúdez, Wolfgang Haak, Nicole Adamski, Almudena Estalrrich, Neus Coromina, Katina T. Lillios, Francesca Gandini, Marta Santos, Corina Liesau, Antonia Díaz-Carvajal, Mauro S. Hernández Pérez, María Benito Sánchez, Ana Catarina Sousa, Clive Finlayson, Ferran Codina, Marina Lozano, Marta Pérez, António Carlos Valera, Pablo Ramos-García, Joan Daura, Gustau Aguilella Arzo, Iñigo Olalde, Artur Cebrià, Germán Delibes de Castro, Carmen Alonso-Fernández, Douglas J. Kennett, Tona Majó, Sarah B. McClure, Manuel Ferrando-Bernal, Pablo García Borja, Javier Jiménez Echevarría, Joaquim Juan-Cabanilles, Concepción Blasco, Raúl Flores Fernández, Nick Patterson, Josep Maria Fullola, Pedro Soares, Bibiana Agustí, Imma Ollich-Castanyer, Anna J. Waterman, Guillermo Pascual Berlanga, Armando Llanos, Ángel Esparza Arroyo, Geraldine Finlayson, Rafael Garrido-Pena, Virginia Barciela González, Mario Sanz Tormo, Ana Maria Silva, Isidro Jorge Toro Moyano, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Álvaro Fernández Flores, Jennifer E. Mack, Nadin Rohland, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Joaquim Tremoleda, Luis Benítez de Lugo Enrich, Zhao Zhang, Gabriel de Prado, Maria Pala, David López-Serrano, Kristin Stewardson, Javier Fernández-Eraso, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Matthew Mah, Cecilio Barroso, Martin B. Richards, Ann Marie Lawson, José Antonio Mujika-Alustiza, F. Xavier Oms, Pere Castanyer, Swapan Mallick, Isabel Collado Beneyto, Arturo Oliver Foix, Victor S. Gonçalves, Carles Lalueza-Fox, David Vivó, Francisco Giles-Guzmán, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Universidade do Minho, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Prehistoria y Protohistoria, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), La Caixa, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), Eusko Jaurlaritza, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Leverhulme Trust, Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, National Institutes of Health (US), Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Max Planck Society
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010506 paleontology ,Humanidades::História e Arqueologia ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Africa, Northern ,Peninsula ,Political science ,Genetics ,Human migration ,Humans ,Migration ,History, Ancient ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,geography ,Ciências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas ,Science & Technology ,Multidisciplinary ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Chromosomes, Human, Y ,Portugal ,Human genome ,Genome, Human ,Extramural ,Prehistoria ,Agriculture ,Genomics ,humanities ,Gene flow ,Spain ,Humanities ,geographic locations ,Iberian Peninsula - Abstract
We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean., J.M.F., F.J.L.-C., J.I.M., F.X.O., J.D., and M.S.B. were supported by HAR2017-86509-P, HAR2017-87695-P, and SGR2017-11 from the Generalitat de Catalunya, AGAUR agency. C.L.-F. was supported by Obra Social La Caixa and by FEDER-MINECO (BFU2015- 64699-P). L.B.d.L.E. was supported by REDISCO-HAR2017-88035-P (Plan Nacional I+D+I, MINECO). C.L., P.R., and C.Bl. were supported by MINECO (HAR2016-77600-P). A.Esp., J.V.-V., G.D., and D.C.S.-G. were supported by MINECO (HAR2009-10105 and HAR2013-43851-P). D.J.K. and B.J.C. were supported by NSF BCS-1460367. K.T.L., A.W., and J.M. were supported by NSF BCS-1153568. J.F.-E. and J.A.M.-A. were supported by IT622-13 Gobierno Vasco, Diputación Foral de Álava, and Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa. We acknowledge support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/EPH-ARQ/4164/2014) and the FEDER-COMPETE 2020 project 016899. P.S. was supported by the FCT Investigator Program (IF/01641/2013), FCT IP, and ERDF (COMPETE2020 – POCI). M.Si. and K.D. were supported by a Leverhulme Trust Doctoral Scholarship awarded to M.B.R. and M.P. D.R. was supported by an Allen Discovery Center grant from the Paul Allen Foundation, NIH grant GM100233, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. V.V.-M. and W.H. were supported by the Max Planck Society.
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- 2019