1. Pan-Bcl-2 Inhibitor, GX15-070 (Obatoclax), Decreases Human T Regulatory Lymphocytes while Preserving Effector T Lymphocytes: A Rationale for Its Use in Combination Immunotherapy.
- Author
-
Kim, Peter S., Jochems, Caroline, Grenga, Italia, Donahue, Renee N., Tsang, Kwong Y., Gulley, James L., Schlom, Jeffrey, and Farsaci, Benedetto
- Subjects
- *
MONONUCLEAR leukocytes , *CLINICAL immunology , *IMMUNOTHERAPY , *LYMPHOCYTES , *LEUCOCYTES - Abstract
Bcl-2 inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical studies for treatment of patients with solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. In this study we explored the potential for combining the pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor GX15-070 (GX15; obatoclax) with immunotherapeutic modalities. We evaluated the in vitro effects of GX15 on human T cell subsets obtained from PBMCs in terms of activation, memory, and suppressive function. Our results indicated that in healthy-donor PBMCs, mature-activated T cells were more resistant to GX15 than early-activated T cells, and that GX15 preserved memory but not non-memory T cell populations. Furthermore, GX15 increased the apoptosis of regulatory T cells (Tregs), profoundly downregulated FOXP3 and CTLA-4 in a dosedependent manner, and decreased their suppressive function. Treating PBMCs obtained from ovarian cancer patients with GX15 also resulted in increased CD8+:Treg and CD4+:Treg ratios. These results support preclinical studies in which mice vaccinated before treatment with GX15 showed the greatest reduction in metastatic lung tumors as a result of increased apoptotic resistance of mature CD8+ T cells and decreased Treg function brought about by GX15. Taken together, these findings suggest that when a Bcl-2 inhibitor is combined with active immunotherapy in humans, such as the use of a vaccine or immune checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapy should precede administration of the Bcl-2 inhibitor to allow T cells to become mature, and thus resistant to the cytotoxic effects of the Bcl-2 inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF